AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
ManureBacteriaGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaBacteria, AnaerobicFertilizersSoil MicrobiologyRNA, Ribosomal, 16SAnimal HusbandryDNA, BacterialAgriculturePhylogenyMolecular Sequence DataBacteria, AerobicBacterial ProteinsDNA, RibosomalAmmoniaEscherichia coliWater MicrobiologySoilSequence Analysis, DNAWaste ManagementBiodegradation, EnvironmentalRefuse DisposalEnvironmental PollutionColony Count, MicrobialDairyingFecesSwineAnimal FeedNitrogenAnaerobiosisCattleAnti-Bacterial AgentsOdorsLettuceGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaGram-Negative Anaerobic BacteriaBacterial Physiological PhenomenaGenes, BacterialHousing, AnimalCulture MediaFermentationNitrogen CompoundsSulfur-Reducing BacteriaRNA, BacterialSeawaterCrops, AgriculturalGene Expression Regulation, BacterialFatty Acids, VolatileEnterobacteriaceaeWaste Disposal, FluidPhosphorus
SoilGreen manureResistant bacteriaTetanusPathogensNitrogen-fixing bCompostType of bacteriaFertilizerFecesFecalHorse manureDairy manureColiform bacteriaAcidity or alkalinEscherichiaSwinePitsHarmfulRunoffCarry bacteriaAnaerobic digestionLivestockNutrientsAntibioticsPhosphorusGram positiveSymbioticAntibioticColiFarmsSewage sludgeCropsPelletsOrganic matterBreak down the organicStrainsSolidsProduce methaneDiseasesCultivateInfectOdorsDigesterFertilizersHumansDirtPoultryLiquidWastesFoundPoopAntimicrobialArchaeaAtmospheric nitrogenOccurGenesCowsWater contaminationUnpasteurized milkEnzymesCommonlyUdderPasturesTemperatureSmellsChickenPlantsNaturally
Soil17
Green manure2
Resistant bacteria19
  • Manure storage and its application on crop land may contribute a form of environmental contamination: antimicrobial resistant bacteria. (unl.edu)
  • Antimicrobial resistant bacteria develop when bacteria cannot be killed by an antimicrobial designed to kill them, in other words, when bacteria uptake antimicrobial resistant genes and continue to survive in the presence of the antimicrobial. (unl.edu)
  • Antimicrobial resistant diseases occur when a resistant bacteria cause disease that cannot be cured by the effective antimicrobial treatment. (unl.edu)
  • Manure storage and its application on crop lands is perceived to contribute diseases of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans through environmental contamination. (unl.edu)
  • What do we know about survival of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes in manure storage? (unl.edu)
  • Thermophilic temperatures (between 106 and 252°F) are more effective in decreasing antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes in manure. (unl.edu)
  • Resistant bacteria concentrations in manure can be reduced through long-term storage at normal temperatures. (unl.edu)
  • Unlike resistant bacteria, the association between gene degradation and these factors is not well understood. (unl.edu)
  • Research indicates that thermophilic anaerobic digestion and composting may degrade antimicrobial resistant bacteria in manure. (unl.edu)
  • For both treatment methods, inactivation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria occurs primarily by increased temperature and lowered pH. (unl.edu)
  • Depending on the temperature and treatment, antimicrobial resistant bacteria can be decreased within days to months. (unl.edu)
  • A recent study in University of Nebraska-Lincoln feedlots near Mead, Nebraska revealed that beef cattle manure stored as static stockpiles had the advantage of inactivating antimicrobial resistant bacteria over a three-month storage period. (unl.edu)
  • Results suggest manure management practices should include sufficient storage time before land application to kill resistant bacteria. (unl.edu)
  • Manure has become a reservoir of resistant bacteria and antibiotic compounds [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Zahn's research had discovered significant levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the air near hog confinement operations in Iowa and Missouri. (webexhibits.org)
  • At the same time, obesity is an increasing problem internationally, as is the increase in resistant bacteria in factory farming. (dutchnews.nl)
  • Drug-resistant bacteria can circulate in populations of human beings and animals, through food, water and the environment, and transmission is influenced by trade, travel and both human and animal migration. (who.int)
  • Resistant bacteria can be found in food animals and food products destined for consumption by humans. (who.int)
  • Workers may be exposed to antibiotic-resistant bacteria from breathing air at concentrated facilities. (cdc.gov)
Tetanus8
  • Tetanus is a serious disease caused by a toxin made by a bacteria called Clostridium tetani . (cdc.gov)
  • When the tetanus bacteria invade the body, they produce a toxin that causes painful muscle contractions. (cdc.gov)
  • Stepping on nails or other sharp objects is one way people are exposed to the bacteria that cause tetanus. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tetanus is a disease caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani . (cdc.gov)
  • A tetanus shot protects the body from the type of bacteria - Clostridium tetani - that cause tetanus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Tetanus-causing bacteria are common and can enter the body in a variety of ways. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani , an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. (ufl.edu)
Pathogens5
  • We used these two diseases as model systems to study the effects of manures on soilborne pathogens. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Some cattle harbor E. coli O157:H7 and other disease-causing bacteria, and these pathogens can persist in manure for long periods of time," said Agricultural Research Service microbiologist James B. Russell. (usda.gov)
  • Russell's team had been looking for a practical and inexpensive method for treating dairy cattle manure to decrease E. coli O157:H7 and other potential pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • If E. coli is present, harmful bacteria or other pathogens may also be present in the water. (cdc.gov)
  • Because manure digestion is anaerobic, most weed seeds and pathogens are killed during the process. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
Nitrogen-fixing b2
Compost5
  • A University of Idaho Extension educator and his graduate student aim to help the state's dairymen cash in on their cow manure by amending it with specific minerals or carbon sources to make it into better compost. (uidaho.edu)
  • Converting manure into portable compost is common practice among Idaho dairymen. (uidaho.edu)
  • Carbon feeds bacteria that aid in the composting process, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen as ammonia and improving finished compost quality. (uidaho.edu)
  • Once I have gotten rid of all the compost from bin number one, it becomes my new bin number three (the one I start dumping fresh manure into). (pioneerthinking.com)
  • In general, thermophilic aerobic composting can inhibit the vertical gene transfer (VGT) of pig manure and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of sludge, but it increases the HGT of kitchen waste, resulting in a dramatic increase of ARGs in KC compost. (bvsalud.org)
Type of bacteria2
Fertilizer3
  • Nevertheless, long-term manure storage with high temperatures has potential to reduce levels of antimicrobial resistance before land application, thus can limit risks of contamination in the environment and increase the value of manure as a fertilizer. (unl.edu)
  • Finally, the applicability to tetracyclines antibiotics determination in real samples was evaluated through the successful determination of four target analytes in swine, cow manure, and mixture of animal manure with inorganic fertilizer. (hindawi.com)
  • The homes tested as part of the investigation range from 615 feet to almost one mile from the hog barns, 458 feet to more than a mile from the open air manure pits, and 71 feet to more than two-thirds of a mile from fields where the liquid manure is sprayed as fertilizer. (ewg.org)
Feces4
  • WASHINGTON - Scientific tests found abundant hog feces on homes and lawns, and in the air of private properties near big hog farms in North Carolina - proof that factory farms are exposing nearby communities to dangerous fecal bacteria, endangering the health of tens of thousands of citizens. (ewg.org)
  • Rogers tested both air samples and physical samples from the exteriors and yards of 17 homes up to a mile away from a Smithfield hog CAFO for a unique DNA only found in a bacterium in swine feces (see pages 66 to 68 of his report). (ewg.org)
  • Scientists often search for pig2bac because it's relatively hard to detect and decays faster that other swine feces bacteria. (ewg.org)
  • Filth-breeding flies, as their name implies, utilize garbage, feces or manures, dead animals and other sources of "filth" for reproductive purposes. (greenmethods.com)
Fecal2
Horse manure11
Dairy manure3
  • Use of Dry Dairy Manure Pellets as Nutrient Source for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. (mdpi.com)
  • A sustainable dairy manure amendment for soilless crop growth systems was evaluated for its ability to provide nutrients and serve as a major component of the growing media. (mdpi.com)
  • Carbon amendments they're analyzing include woodchips and biochar, which is a lightweight and high-carbon form of charcoal that could potentially be made from dairy manure. (uidaho.edu)
Coliform bacteria7
  • Coliphages infect coliform bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrate and coliform bacteria are common contaminants in wells. (cdc.gov)
  • Drinking well water with coliform bacteria can cause diarrhea or other illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • Yakima Health District recommends that you or your landlord test every year for nitrate and total coliform bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Read your results to find out if your well water has high nitrate or total coliform bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • If your well has high nitrate or total coliform bacteria: 3. (cdc.gov)
  • Total coliform bacteria: Add bleach to your well. (cdc.gov)
Acidity or alkalin1
  • The pH (acidity or alkalinity) of poultry manure varies according to its age, the diet fed to the birds, the age of the birds and the litter materials used. (rhs.org.uk)
Escherichia3
  • WASHINGTON, February 9, 2000--A harmless ingredient found in soft drinks and some toothpastes suppresses the growth of Escherichia coli in cow manure, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Cornell University scientists reported today. (usda.gov)
  • in which certain strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli infect the large intestine and cause diarrhea and sometimes other serious complications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • E. coli O157:H7 infection Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) are a group of gram-negative bacteria that normally reside in the intestine of healthy people, but some strains can cause infection in the digestive. (msdmanuals.com)
Swine2
Pits4
  • They belch methane out of their mouths, and when mountains of manure pile up in oxygen-free lagoons or pits, the micro-organisms keep producing methane there, too. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Workers on farms with manure storage pits or landfills can be exposed to higher levels of hydrogen sulfide. (cdc.gov)
  • On some farms manure is stored in pits or lagoons. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
  • Workers on farms with digestive tract produce hydrogen sulfide during the digestion of food manure storage pits or landfills can be exposed to higher containing vegetable or animal proteins. (cdc.gov)
Harmful5
  • Fresh and composted poultry litter may contain bacteria that are harmful to humans . (rhs.org.uk)
  • Most of the time, these bacteria are not harmful. (cdc.gov)
  • Runoff water samples were analyzed for nitrogen, phosphate, harmful bacteria, and hormones that occur in animal manures. (usda.gov)
  • [13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • When they use animal manure, they make sure it's composted long enough to get rid of harmful bacteria. (wkrg.com)
Runoff2
  • Land application of horse stall bedding and municipal sludge can increase runoff concentrations of nutrients, organic matter and bacteria as well as steroidal hormones such as estrogen. (usda.gov)
  • Aluminum sulfate (alum) has the potential for reducing concentrations of materials in runoff from sites treated with animal manures. (usda.gov)
Carry bacteria1
  • and reducing feral birds or rodents, which can carry bacteria and viruses. (pfb.com)
Anaerobic digestion3
  • Anaerobic digestion typically decreases the volume of manure solids. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
  • Farms can use anaerobic digestion to comply with new regulations for manure handling. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
  • Biogas is created by anaerobic digestion, where bacteria breaks down organic matter (such as food waste or cow manure) to create a gas, which, once cleaned, can be used in existing pipeline networks, appliances and equipment, while saving up to 19 times the emissions. (fonterra.com)
Livestock4
  • People living near a wastewater treatment plant, a gas and oil drilling operation, a farm with manure storage or livestock confinement facilities, or a landfill may be exposed to higher levels of this chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteria can get into waters from untreated or partially treated discharges from wastewater treatment plants, from improperly functioning septic systems, and from livestock, pets, and wildlife. (wa.gov)
  • Use proper storage, management, and disposal practices for livestock manure. (wa.gov)
  • This study focused on GHG and odor emissions from facultative heap composting of four types of livestock manure and revealed the relationship between the gaseous emissions and microbial communities. (bvsalud.org)
Nutrients1
  • We have all of these dairies, we have a lot of manure, and we have an excess of nutrients if we apply them at the rate that they're created," said graduate student Anthony Simerlink. (uidaho.edu)
Antibiotics7
  • Little is known about the environmental behavior and fate of antibiotics in manure after cropland application because of analytical difficulties and time-consuming procedures encountered when trying to analyze trace levels of these compounds in the presence of complex matrices such as manure [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, developing a rapid analytical method for the quantification of the most important antibiotics in manure is of great importance. (hindawi.com)
  • Tetracyclines (TCs) are an extremely important group of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sample pretreatment is one of the main problems related to the determination of antibiotics in manure because of matrix interference effects [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance develops when bacteria adapt and grow in the presence of antibiotics. (who.int)
  • We transferred the packed excreta samples to the regional certified categorization classified lab on the same day to test the presence of any bacteria and its antibiotics into three groups. (who.int)
  • In cases where the bacteria is not responding to the antibiotics, we further investigated to know whether they are not responding to limited drugs or more than three drugs (Multi-drug Resistance). (who.int)
Phosphorus1
Gram positive1
  • C bovis are gram positive bacteria that inhabit infected udders and the teat canal. (cornell.edu)
Symbiotic2
  • The symbiotic bacterium Blastobacter denitroficans also inhabits the nodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Creation and Characterization of a Genomically Hybrid Strain in the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. (unifi.it)
Antibiotic1
  • Resistance that develops in one organism or location can also spread rapidly and unpredictably, through for instance exchange of genetic material between different bacteria, and can affect antibiotic treatment of a wide range of infections and diseases. (who.int)
Coli2
  • If cow manure samples are spiked with sodium carbonate in the laboratory, E. coli do not persist," Russell said. (usda.gov)
  • Out of 100 poultry excreta samples tested, 93 showed the presence disaggregated by the WHO AWaRe* classification for E.coli isolated from of E.coli and 8 showed salmonella bacteria. (who.int)
Farms2
  • Zhang collected a trove of cow manure from local farms and hit the material with heat up to 3,092F to kill off any bacteria. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • For example, individuals of families that live on farms can avoid manure storage areas where high concentrations of Hydrogen sulfide has not been shown to cause cancer in hydrogen sulfide may be found. (cdc.gov)
Sewage sludge1
  • In this study, we investigated ARGs dynamics and their driving mechanisms in three OSW composts: pig manure (PM), kitchen waste (KC), and sewage sludge (SG). (bvsalud.org)
Crops1
  • Dried poultry manure can be used on vegetable and fruit crops, although additional potassium fertiliser may be needed (e.g. sulphate of potash or organic potassium-rich fertilisers derived from sugar beet processing). (rhs.org.uk)
Pellets1
  • Dried and processed poultry manure products, such as pellets and powders, are often sterilised during manufacture, so are less of a risk. (rhs.org.uk)
Organic matter1
  • It's heated there for about 16 days while the bacteria break down the organic matter in order to produce methane gas. (cnn.com)
Break down the organic1
  • Micro-organisms break down the organic material in the manure, and the machinery captures the biogas produced in the process. (smithsonianmag.com)
Strains1
  • Diphtheria is caused by strains of bacteria that are typically transmitted through respiratory droplets, coughing, or sneezing. (healthline.com)
Solids4
Produce methane1
  • Bacteria that produce methane are most active from 95 to 105°F. For this reason, some digesters run hot water through the pipes. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
Diseases5
  • The objective of this project was to determine if addition of manures to potato growing fields effects the severity of soilborne diseases. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Two major soilborne diseases on potatoes in Ontario are Verticillium wilt caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae and potato scab caused by Streptomyces bacteria. (uoguelph.ca)
  • These bacteria in manure are perceived to cause diseases in humans through environmental contamination. (unl.edu)
  • They have been known to spread bacteria which cause diseases. (greenmethods.com)
  • Preventing Foodborne Illness: Listeriosis Preventing Foodborne Illness: Listeriosis Download Brochure Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Preventing Foodborne Illness: Listeriosis Listeriosis, a serious infection caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, has recently become an important public health problem in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Cultivate1
  • A blood or spinal fluid test (to cultivate the bacteria) will show if you have listeriosis. (cdc.gov)
Infect1
Odors1
Digester3
  • They decided to take full advantage of an underutilized commodity the cows produced in abundance, and build something called an anaerobic digester-basically, a manure-fueled power plant. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Steve Barstow shovels manure, which will be moved into a chute, to be delivered to the anaerobic digester. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The digester had turned all the manure into money. (smithsonianmag.com)
Fertilizers2
  • They can seep into wells from septic tanks, manure, or fertilizers. (cdc.gov)
  • They use artificial fertilizers for feed production but also produce a lot of nitrogenous animal waste (e.g. liquid manure), which they spread on their own fields as fertiliser. (mpg.de)
Humans1
  • As fresh untreated poultry excreta are widely used as manure, there could be a potential risk of passing antimicrobial resistance from these birds to humans. (who.int)
Dirt1
Poultry6
  • Poultry manure is often sold in dried and pelleted form by garden centres and is a good non-chemical fertiliser. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Why use poultry manure? (rhs.org.uk)
  • Poultry manure products are one of the most commonly available non-chemical fertilisers on the market. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Poultry manure is a useful source of nitrogen, the main nutrient that plants need for green leafy growth. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Fresh manure from commercial poultry operations is rarely available to home gardeners, as it is unpleasant to transport and use. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Fresh Poultry Excreta Used for · Vegetable Farming in Freetown, Poultry excreta being cheaper and widely used manure, carries the Sierra Leone. (who.int)
Liquid3
  • Although detection of TCs can be accomplished by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, the use of this methodology requires costly instrumentation that is not always available in routine laboratory analyses, and applications to complex matrices such as manure do not always give good results [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Used on large-volume, liquid manure lagoons. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
  • It works best where the manure is handled as a liquid. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
Wastes1
  • One particularly dramatic and well-documented case involves Dr. James Zahn, a research microbiologist at the USDA who asserts that he was prohibited on no fewer than 11 occasions from publicizing his research on the potential hazards to human health posed by airborne bacteria resulting from farm wastes. (webexhibits.org)
Found4
  • Bacteria found in your mouth and digestive tract produce hydrogen sulfide during the digestion of food containing vegetable or animal proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The bacterium has been found in a variety of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables, as well as in processed foods that become contaminated after processing, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts at the deli counter. (cdc.gov)
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria found in your mouth and wastewater treatment industries. (cdc.gov)
Poop1
  • When flies are tap dancing on your watermelon, having a good old time, dead animal and poop-pile bacteria are hoping off, thanking the flies for the ride. (greenmethods.com)
Antimicrobial2
  • The assessment of health risks posed by manure related antimicrobial resistance is a complex and a multifaceted problem. (unl.edu)
  • Therefore, it is valuable to understand how manure management practices affect emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. (unl.edu)
Archaea1
Atmospheric nitrogen1
Occur1
Genes1
  • Resistance (bacteria or genes) is an ancient phenomenon, and bacteria have been resisting fatal effects of natural antimicrobials by using their genes for billions of years. (unl.edu)
Cows4
  • He tapped into an abundant and easily accessible energy source: manure from about 600 cows. (cnn.com)
  • Manure comes from the cows, and there's energy left in the manure. (cnn.com)
  • A clean floor keeps cows from bringing manure into the cubicles. (lely.com)
  • This makes the build-up of manure - in which cows stand - a thing of the past. (lely.com)
Water contamination1
Unpasteurized milk2
  • California has a new law limiting the amount of bacteria in unpasteurized milk. (marketplace.org)
  • Unpasteurized (raw) milk or foods made from unpasteurized milk may contain the bacterium. (cdc.gov)
Enzymes1
  • Edin and other raw milk advocates say it has helpful bacteria and enzymes that aid digestion and boost the immune system. (marketplace.org)
Commonly1
  • Diphtheria is an infectious and communicable disease most commonly spread through bacteria from respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. (familyeducation.com)
Udder2
  • These bacteria can cause mild udder infections with a mild increase in somatic cell count and slight reduction in milk production. (cornell.edu)
  • Payne dismisses the notion that there's healthy bacteria in a cow's udder. (marketplace.org)
Pastures1
  • Their pastures are filled with weeds and they have a huge manure pile that smells so bad, you can't stand to spend more than a few minutes in their yard. (pioneerthinking.com)
Temperature2
  • 4.06%) under optimal conditions, which include 50 mL of McIlvaine buffer extraction solution (pH 7.15) mixed with 1 g of manure sample, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 10 min, and three extraction cycles. (hindawi.com)
  • It heats the manure, to stay in the ideal temperature range. (wisconsinpublicservice.com)
Smells1
  • Hydrogen sulfide is a flammable, colorless gas that smells like rotten and oil drilling operation, a farm with manure storage or eggs. (cdc.gov)
Chicken1
  • 70%), whereas chicken manure had higher phytotoxicity (GI = 0.02%) with higher electrical conductivity and a lower carbon/nitrogen ratio. (bvsalud.org)
Plants2
Naturally1