Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DRB1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DRB1 *04:01). (medlineplus.gov)
Associations of HLA class II alleles with genital chlamydial infection outcomes have been reported, especially HLA DQB1*06. (bvsalud.org)
04011
To analyze the nature of response to OspA and LFA-1α L , we used OspA-specific T cell hybrids from DR4 transgenic mice, as well as cloned human cells specific for OspA 165-184 , the immunodominant epitope, from five DRB1*0401 + patients, using OspA-MHC class II tetramers. (aai.org)
Pathogens2
In particular, viruses, bacteria and other infectious pathogens are the major postulated environmental triggers of autoimmunity. (jontristermd.com)
The MHC genes are divided into two principal classes: class I, which is responsible for immune defence against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, and class II, which is responsible for dealing with extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and nematodes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetics1
No consistent trigger has been found, but it has been associated with certain HLA-DRB1 or DR4 genetics and cigarette smokers. (shiken.ai)
Antigen3
The HLA-DRB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
Together, they form a functional protein complex called the HLA-DR antigen-binding heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)
This monoclonal antibody reacts with the beta-chain of HLA-DRB1 antigen, a member of MHC class II molecules. (novusbio.com)
Antibodies1
A classic example of type II hypersensitivity is Goodpasture's syndrome, an autoimmune condition caused by antibodies against the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen found in the basement membrane. (shiken.ai)
Proteins5
The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
Another example is the Mantoux test, where proteins from M. tuberculosis are injected intradermally and an indurated area forms in individuals who have been previously exposed to the bacteria. (shiken.ai)
MHC II proteins present peptide antigens that originate extracellularly from foreign bodies such as bacteria. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Some intracellular bacteria have evolved deubiquitinase (DUB) effector proteins, which interfere with the host ubiquitin system and help the pathogen to evade xenophagy and lysosomal degradation. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins which are composed of multiple polypeptide chains exhibit quaternary structure, which is a term that is used to refer to the manner in which the different subunits interact with one another to form a larger protein complex. (biozol.de)
Autoimmune4
Certain variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been linked to an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
A particular HLA-DRB1 gene variant called HLA-DRB1*04:04 is the most well-known risk factor for autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
It is not clear how HLA-DRB1*04:04 and other HLA-DRB1 variations are involved in the inappropriate immune response that causes autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
In type-I diabetes, it seems likely that Coxsackie virus infections (in people with a genetic predisposition, in which HLA type plays a major role) trigger an autoimmune disease that gradually (over a year or so) destroys the islet cells which produce insulin. (blogspot.com)
Some gut bacteria species can induce autoimmunity in genetically predisposed animal models ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Immunity1
Studies have shown that bacterial materials and DNA can persist in host tissue for some years after infection, so it is possible that ongoing immunity against the bacteria may lead to bystander damage to the organ. (jontristermd.com)
Genes1
The HLA-DRB1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. (medlineplus.gov)
Pathogen1
By contrast, the respiratory pathogen Legionella pneumophila possesses a much larger number of DUB effectors, including a K6-specific enzyme belonging to the OTU family and an M1-specific DUB uniquely found in this bacterium. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses1
If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
Peptide1
In conjunction with the CD3/TCR complex and CD4 molecules, HLA-DR is critical for efficient peptide presentation to CD4+ T cells. (novusbio.com)
Class3
MHC class II molecules are comprised of two membrane-spanning chains, alpha and beta, of similar size. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association of DQB1*06 with chlamydia reinfection was impacted by any other nearby HLA class II variants that were also associated with reinfection. (bvsalud.org)
We used next-generation sequencing to map HLA class II variants spanning the HLA-DQ and -DR loci. (bvsalud.org)
Protein3
The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
These include the formation of disulphide bonds between the sulphydryl groups on cysteine residues, hydrogen bonding between different side chain groups, and hydrophobic interactions that result in hydrophobic side chains becoming protected within the interior of the protein. (biozol.de)
Beta1
HLA-DR is a heterodimeric cell surface glycoprotein comprised of a 36kDa alpha (heavy) chain and a 28kDa beta (light) chain. (novusbio.com)
Association1
Further analyses of these variants revealed that rs112651494 within DRB5 and an intergenic SNP rs617058 in DRB1:DQA1 were significantly associated with reinfection, but this did not impact the significance of the association of DQB1*06 or DQB1*04 with reinfection. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
Alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria in individuals with preclinical and established RA suggest a vital role of the gut microbiota in immune dysfunction characteristic of RA. (frontiersin.org)
Alpha1
This entry represents the N-terminal domain (also called alpha-1 domain) of the alpha chain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Human2
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: HLA DRB1 Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067) [NBP2-45316] - Human Tonsil stained with HLA-DRB Monoclonal Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: HLA DRB1 Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067) [NBP2-45316] - Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Raji cells using HLA DRB1 Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067). (novusbio.com)
Analysis2
Western Blot: HLA DRB1 Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067) [NBP2-45316] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DRB1 Antibody (LN-3 + HLA-DRB/1067). (novusbio.com)
SKAT analysis revealed one region each in DRB1, DRB5, DQA2, and three intergenic regions that had variants associated with reinfection. (bvsalud.org)
Humans are one of the most complex microbial ecosystems on the planet, hosting over 100 trillion bacteria, mainly in the distal gut ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
DQA11
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype DQ2 or DQ8 identified by molecular genetic testing of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 . (nih.gov)
Genetic1
In type-I diabetes, it seems likely that Coxsackie virus infections (in people with a genetic predisposition, in which HLA type plays a major role) trigger an autoimmune disease that gradually (over a year or so) destroys the islet cells which produce insulin. (blogspot.com)
Polymerase chain re4
A) Quantitative reverse transcription\polymerase chain reaction (RT\qPCR) results showing the expression levels of the (RSV) coat protein gene in RSV\infected controls at 30?days post\inoculation (dpi). (researchensemble.com)
A) The relative expression levels of RBSDV genomic RNAs (S2, S5 and S10) in plants infected with RBSDV alone or jointly with RBSDV and RSV as assessed by quantitative reverse transcription\polymerase chain reaction (RT\qPCR) at 30?days post\inoculation (dpi). (researchensemble.com)
METHODS: MtDNA hypervariable regions (HV) 1 and 2 from the mtDNA D-loop were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and mixed between known and unknown sample sources. (lookformedical.com)
METHODS: We used duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mtDNA hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) (444 bp and 415 bp amplicons, respectively) and subsequent linear array typing, which targets six polymorphic regions and two additional sites within the human mtDNA HVI and HVII. (lookformedical.com)
Susceptibility1
The allele HLA-DRB1*14 was found to be associated with susceptibility to syphilis in the Chinese population. (nih.gov)
Variant1
A particular HLA-DRB1 gene variant called HLA-DRB1*04:04 is the most well-known risk factor for autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Infections1
AN - infection = ALIIVIBRIO INFECTIONS HN - 2012 MH - Aliivibrio Infections UI - D059707 MN - C1.252.400.50 MS - Infections with bacteria of the genus ALIIVIBRIO. (nih.gov)
Protective1
HLA-DRB1*08 is common in European and Asian descent, whereas HLA-DRB1*11 has been found to be protective. (nih.gov)
Found2
www.cms.gov/OfficeofLegislation/Downloads/Accountable CareOrganization.pdf accessed 03/16/2011) HN - 2012 BX - Accountable Care Organization MH - Acidobacteria UI - D061271 MN - B3.26 MN - B3.440.400.50 MS - A physiologically diverse phylum of acidophilic, gram-negative bacteria found in a wide variety of habitats, but particularly abundant in soils and sediments. (nih.gov)
HN - 2012 BX - Microbial Inoculants FX - Agriculture FX - Environmental Remediation FX - Growth Substances MH - Agrobacterium UI - D060054 MN - B3.440.400.425.700.24 MN - B3.660.50.730.24 MS - A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud. (nih.gov)
Plays1
The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Family1
HN - 2012 MH - Aliivibrio UI - D059706 MN - B3.440.450.900.50 MN - B3.660.250.830.50 MS - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family VIBRIONACEAE. (nih.gov)
Form1
Together, they form a functional protein complex called the HLA-DR antigen-binding heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)