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FungiProtozoaRecombinantAvianChickensPOXVIRIDAEInfectiousVaccinationPenetratePathogenicMultiplyViralMorbiditySpecies-specificParasitesMildVaccinia virusStrainsAVIPOXVIRUSAntigenComplementGeneTransmissionHostsFlockClinicalTransmembraneCellsGeneticAbstractControlHumanProtectiveTypeAgentLive virusHighlyPositiveMethodWorkShowResultsAnimalsStandard
Fungi1
  • Avicare Concentrate is a hospital grade, general purpose cleaner and disinfectant that kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi on contact. (birdpalproducts.com)
Protozoa1
  • The parasites are coccidian protozoa , peculiar single-celled organisms that look like bacteria on steroids. (chickenfans.com)
Recombinant5
  • In the area of vaccinology, most of the advances in the development of the so called recombinant vaccines against poultry disease are based on the development of recombinant protein or synthetic peptide vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines using selected virus or bacteria as carriers and DNA plasmids as genetic vaccines. (upm.edu.my)
  • The majority of these newer vaccines are live recombinant viral vectors based on fowlpox virus and herpesvirus designed to deliver specific gene(s) to stimulate the host' immune system. (upm.edu.my)
  • The recombinant viruses obtained were unstable, although the foreign genes were expressed efficiently in the mammalian cells infected with the viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Innovax™ - ND is a frozen, cell associated live virus vaccine that contains the recombinant serotype 3 HVT/NDV-F strain contains the fusion (F) genes from NDV. (msd-animal-health.co.in)
  • Innovax-ND-IBD is a frozen, cell associated, live virus vaccine that contains the recombinant serotype 3 HVT with genes from NDV and IBDV. (msd-animal-health.co.in)
Avian3
  • The emergence and re-emergence of avian influenza virus (AIV), particularly the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, the presence of endemic low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 in poultry flock and recently the detection of novel H7H9 posed significant threat to the poultry industry and public health sector. (upm.edu.my)
  • Avian poxvirus is a large, enveloped DNA virus ranging from 260 to 309 kilobase pairs long with a G+C content of 35% and molecular weight of 185±5 x. (cabi.org)
  • The avian poxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus) constitute a group of viruses in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae (ICTV, 2009). (cabi.org)
Chickens6
POXVIRIDAE2
Infectious1
  • The repeated outbreaks of diseases caused by variant strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), velogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) and more virulent viruses of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) in well managed poultry flocks have prompted the need to evaluate the underlying factors contributing to the failure of vaccination to provide complete protection against clinical infections and transmission of disease. (upm.edu.my)
Vaccination2
  • B16F10-bearing mice were preconditioned with 5Gy TBI and given a tripartite ACT therapy (consisting of transferred pmel-1 CD8 + T cells, vaccination with fowlpox encoding gp100, and IL-2) along with TLR4 agonist LPS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell associated, live virus vaccine recommended for vaccination of healthy 18-day-old chicken embryos by the in-ovo route or day old chicks by subcutaneous route to aid in the prevention of very virulent Marek's disease and Newcastle disease. (msd-animal-health.co.in)
Penetrate2
Pathogenic1
  • or the transmembrane protein gene cassettes of some pathogenic bacteria ( Santoyo and Romero, 2005 ), gene conversion can also generate sequence diversity. (elifesciences.org)
Multiply1
  • This bacterium can only multiply within host cells and spread is primarily through inhalation of faecal dust. (poultryhub.org)
Viral1
  • Whooping cough is caused by________: A. Streptococcus Bacillus B. Pertussis Bacillus C. Vericella virus D. Non-specific viral infection 20. (pdfcoffee.com)
Morbidity1
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality (particularly in the yoimg and aged), causing invasive diseases such as pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis,, and diseases associated with colonisation, such as acute Otitis media. (allindianpatents.com)
Species-specific1
  • Fowlpox virus is species specific, and there. (embrapa.br)
Parasites1
Mild1
  • The same strain of the bacterium may cause mild disease or asymptomatic infection in one species, but severe or fatal disease in another species. (poultryhub.org)
Vaccinia virus3
  • Using rFWPV containing lacZ under the control of a vaccinia virus (VV) early/late promoter (p7.5K) and a 10 plaque-forming units per cell multiplicity of infection, >80% of cells expressed the lacZ marker gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Negri bodies are found in cells infected with________: A. Fowlpox virus B. Vaccinia virus C. Rabies virus D. Paramyxo viruses 18. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)
Strains1
  • The three strains are fowl pox virus, pigeon pox virus and canary pox virus. (michigan.gov)
AVIPOXVIRUS1
  • In this study, we examined the feasibility of Ag transfer to cultured human DCs using the host range-restricted avipoxvirus, fowlpoxvirus (FWPV). (lookformedical.com)
Antigen1
  • The advancements in the use of molecular detection method using real-time PCR approach, highly automated instruments for antibody detection and development of rapid on site antigen capture assays for virus antigen detection may have significant impact in the field of disease prevention and control. (upm.edu.my)
Complement2
  • There are 90 known serotypes of pneumococci, and the capsule is the principle virulence determinant for pneumococci, as the capsule not only protects the iimer surface of the bacteria from complement, but is itself poorly immunogenic. (allindianpatents.com)
  • The use of animal models to address questions that are difficult or impossible to answer in human studies is a common approach to complement in vitro and epidemiological data for human viruses in general. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Gene5
  • Identification of the canarypox virus thymidine kinase gene and insertion of foreign genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • We mapped the canarypox virus (CaPV) thymidine kinase (TK) gene within a 5.8-kbp XbaI fragment of the genome by Southern blotting using the fowlpox virus (FPV) TK gene as a probe. (lookformedical.com)
  • We then inserted the genes encoding lacZ, luciferase (luci), and envelope of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1 env) into the TK gene of CaPV to evaluate its suitability as an expression vector. (lookformedical.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To establish a sensitive, simple and rapid detection method for African swine fever virus (ASFV) B646L gene. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)
Transmission2
  • Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that has spilled over from bats into human populations, with limited person-to-person transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Reducing human consumption of sap could reduce virus transmission and risk for emergence of a more highly transmissible NiV strain. (cdc.gov)
Hosts3
  • Here, we describe multiple models that exist to study human noroviruses in nonhuman hosts and related viruses in their native hosts. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Animal models are based either on studies of human viruses in animals, often requiring the use of immunocompromised hosts and/or host-adapted viruses, or the use of related viruses in their natural hosts. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • This microorganism is considered a commensal bacterium in chicken hosts. (embrapa.br)
Flock1
  • Skin samples from 30 carcasses of a flock of 840 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), previously vaccinated for fowlpox and slaughtered in June 2013, were collected. (embrapa.br)
Clinical1
  • Ideally, the best HuNoV animal model would use HuNoV or a virus with high genetic similarity that closely mirrors the biology and clinical features of HuNoV infection in an animal host. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Transmembrane1
  • To induce CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) along with neutralizing antibody and CD4+ T cell help, a live canarypox virus construct expressing gp120, transmembrane gp41, the gag and protease genes, and sequences containing CTL epitopes in nef and pol was given simultaneously with, or followed by, rgp120 SF2. (lookformedical.com)
Cells2
  • Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is considered one of the important correlates for the protective efficacy of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines. (lookformedical.com)
  • Furthermore, these IL-12-making liver organ B cells, as opposed to spleen B cells, phagocytose bacterias and eliminate them [15], [16]. (enmd-2076.com)
Genetic1
  • This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed at proposing a new technical criteria for condemnation of turkey carcasses due to fowlpox in turkeys as a contribution for the work of the Brazilian Federal Meat Inspection Service. (embrapa.br)
Control1
  • An HVAC test facility constructed according to ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 was used for the control led loading of HVAC filter media with aerosolized bacteria and virus. (cdc.gov)
Human3
  • A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. (lookformedical.com)
  • Preventing emergence of new zoonotic viruses depends on understanding determinants for human risk. (cdc.gov)
  • The study of human viruses in their native host has inherent limitations. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Protective1
  • The thin, moist protective coating on a freshly laid egg that prevents bacteria from entering the egg and minimizes evaporation of moisture from within the egg. (cacklehatchery.com)
Type1
Agent1
Live virus1
  • The collection efficiency of the filter media was calculated to be 96.5 - 1.5% for B. subtilis, however no collection efficiency was measured for the viruses as no live virus was ever recovered from the downstream samplers. (cdc.gov)
Highly1
  • Noroviruses are highly prevalent, positive-sense RNA viruses that are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and infect the gastrointestinal tract of their host. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Positive1
  • You take a conjunctival swab from the affected and perform a smear and Gram stain.You note the following: Predominant Gram positive cocci in clusters.Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be causing conjunctivitis?Select one:a. (literaturereviewcentre.com)
Method1
  • Development of a method for bacteria and virus recovery from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filters. (cdc.gov)
Work1
  • The aim of the work presented here is to study the effectiveness of building air handling units (AHUs) in serving as high volume sampling devices for airborne bacteria and viruses. (cdc.gov)
Show1
  • All the avipoxviruses show identical morphology, with the mature virus being brick-shaped and measuring approximately 250x350 nm. (cabi.org)
Results1
  • Our results indicate that the airborne concentration of spore-forming bacteria in building AHUs may be determined by analyzing the material collected on HVAC filter media, however culture-based analytical techniques are impractical for virus recovery. (cdc.gov)
Animals1
  • Pasteurella pneumotropica is a bacterium that has so far not been described as a cause of placentitis in animals. (pvb.org.br)
Standard1
  • The virus was identified using standard PCR techniques. (embrapa.br)