• The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus that infects Escherichia coli, and the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
  • To uncover the causes of drug interactions, we developed a systematic approach based on precise quantification of the individual and joint effects of antibiotics on growth of genome-wide Escherichia coli gene deletion strains. (embopress.org)
  • Recombinant peptide rCf-ALF2 showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 µM) and Escherichia coli (MIC 10 µM and MBC 20 µM). (pdbwiki.org)
  • Escherichia coli is a common constituent of the gastrointestinal flora of most vertebrates, including humans, and may be isolated from a variety of environmental sources. (cdc.gov)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73161","apaG","Escherichia coli","protein associated with Co2+ and Mg2+ efflux [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73196","murE","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-diaminopimelate ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73197","murF","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73290","lpxD","Escherichia coli","UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Previously, we identified several genes in Escherichia coli K-12 responsible for an RpoS-dependent decrease in envelope permeability during carbon-limited stationary phase. (princeton.edu)
  • Escherichia coli) relacionadas com infecções de úlceras cutâneas. (1library.org)
  • tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria related to infections in cutaneous wounds. (1library.org)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading bacterial causes of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animal diseases caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection typically appear as severe diarrhea and rapid dehydration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We determined whether Gram-negative bacterial molecules are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology given that previous studies demonstrate Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid and Gram-negative bacteria have been reported as the predominant bacteria found in normal human brains. (neurology.org)
  • This technique was developed in Staphylococcus aureus and, following a period of limited success in Gram-negative bacteria, has recently been used effectively in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recombinant protein is a heterologous protein of Escherichia coli . (medicilon.com)
  • Antibacterial and detoxifying activity of NZ17074 analogues with multi-layers of selective antimicrobial actions against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. (peertechzpublications.org)
  • Full-thickness membranes were mounted on a Transwell device, constituted by two independent chambers, 1 × 10(6) CFU/ml of Escherichia coli were added to either the amnion (AMN) or the choriodecidual (CHD) face or to both. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STEC-HUS is used to describe hemolytic-uremic syndrome mediated by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. (medscape.com)
  • STEC-HUS is usually preceded by a colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). (medscape.com)
  • E. coli possesses a species called lipid X, or endotoxin, in its outer membrane which causes the release of TNFalpha in humans. (igem.org)
  • One of basic challenges within the remedy of sepsis caused by Gram-negative micro organism is the discharge of endotoxin from bacteria due to killing by antibiotics and/or phagocytosis within the liver and the spleen. (reventlov.com)
  • Like most strains of E. coli used in the lab, MC1061 comes from the MG1655 lineage and is a "rough" strain. (igem.org)
  • Almost all pathogenic strains of E. coli have some sort of capsular polysaccharide and are referred to as "smooth" strains. (igem.org)
  • Over 90% of human cases of E. coli bacteremia (the clinical word for having bacteria in the bloodstream) are caused by strains that have a specific type of K capsule called K1. (igem.org)
  • Together, these surface modifications allow the bacterium to avoid detection by the immune system and should extend the serum half-life of Bactoblood to several hours rather than the less-than-5 minutes observed with rough strains. (igem.org)
  • Because FQ-resistant E. coli can cause disease, especially nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients, spread of such strains must be stopped. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis showed that most E. coli strains fall into 4 main phylogenetic groups, designated A, B1, B2, and D ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • E. coli strains that cause extraintestinal infections derive predominantly from group B2 and, to a lesser extent, group D. Strains of groups A and B1 represent most commensal strains and are largely devoid of virulence determinants ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although strains harboring a robust extraintestinal VF repertoire cluster predominantly in groups B2 and D, isolates within each phylogenetic group can be further classified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) or non-ExPEC depending on whether specific virulence traits are present ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • FQ resistance may also be associated with strains that intrinsically have a higher overall mutation rate, since the resistance to FQs in E. coli involves the accumulation of multiple spontaneously occurring point mutations in several genes ( 9 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Bacterial live/dead imaging and zone of inhibition analysis demonstrated that ZnFe 2 O 4 NPs showed dose-dependent bactericidal activities in various strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this section, we will focus on proteins involved in biofilm formation as useful targets for the development of new drugs that can effectively and specifically impair biofilm formation with slight effects on cell survival, thus avoiding the generation of drug-resistant strains. (intechopen.com)
  • For pathogenic and commensal bacteria, specific O or K carbohydrates are appropriate for distinct areas of the body (blood stream, urinary tract, intestines) and also for distinct animal types (birds, pigs, humans, cows, etc. (igem.org)
  • Blood and saliva can transport viruses and pathogenic bacteria which could cause anything from the common cold to other more serious diseases such as labial herpes, hepatitis B and C, pneumonia, tuberculosis and, more rarely, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (bvsalud.org)
  • Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacterial flagella are entirely outside the cell membrane (plasma membrane) and are normally visible only with the aid of an electron microscope . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • MlaC probably accepts a phospholipid from MlaA and shuttles it to the ABC transporter for ATP-dependent plasma membrane insertion 5 . (nature.com)
  • With this methodology we discovered a novel pathway involved in the catabolism of the polar head group of plasma membrane glycerophospholipids. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here, we have determined that the periplasmic form of ECA, cyclic ECA, plays a role in maintaining the outer membrane permeability barrier. (princeton.edu)
  • These proteins include dynein, a molecular motor that can cause flagella to bend, and propel the cell relative to its environment or propel water or mucus relative to the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Here we show, using X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro and in vivo functional assays, that MlaA is a monomeric α-helical OM protein that functions as a phospholipid translocation channel, forming a ~20-Å-thick doughnut embedded in the inner leaflet of the OM with a central, amphipathic pore. (nature.com)
  • Dozens of bacterial factors are involved in H. pylori molecular pathogenesis (i.e. flagella, urease, catalase, neutrophil-activating protein Nap-A, vacA and cagA). (nimml.org)
  • Co-expression of molecular chaperones is used to increase the proportion of soluble proteins. (medicilon.com)
  • Ultrafiltration renaturation: select a membrane with a suitable molecular weight retention to allow denaturant to pass through the membrane and prevent protein from passing through. (medicilon.com)
  • Bacteria are able to compete effectively for iron bound to host proteins because of the secretion of high-affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators known as siderophores. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that thrives in a broad range of ecological niches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • coli species which have acquired an invasion plasmid. (reventlov.com)
  • Both K capsules and O antiens are linear carbohydrates polymer, but at least 150 chemically-distinct O antigens exist in one E. coli strain or another. (igem.org)
  • OMV produced by bacteria, genetically modified to increase their spontaneous release, simplifying their production, are also known as Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). (mdpi.com)
  • We sought to determine if there was antibody deposition in SAH livers and whether antibodies extracted from SAH livers were cross-reactive against both bacterial antigens and human proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • Infection begins when G protein binds to lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial host cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, for the management of burn wound infection, new antimicrobial agents that are effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, non-toxic to normal cells, cost-effective, and do not cause bacterial resistance are needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A giant quantity of iron is doubtlessly available to microbes upon an infection of vertebrate hosts, although pathogens must extract this iron from a wide range of proteins in blood, totally different cell varieties, and tissue areas. (reventlov.com)
  • The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell wall of Brucella is considered the strongest and most important antigen for the immune response during infection. (iswavld2023.org)
  • Recent data from preclinical studies suggest a role for neutrophil myeloperoxidase and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in host defense against K pneumoniae infection. (medscape.com)
  • During an ascending infection along the reproductive tract, the extra-placental membranes must act as a selective and competent barrier against pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Selective stimulation of extra-placental membranes with E. coli , results in a tissue specific secretion of HBD1, HBD2, and HBD3 mainly in the CHD, which is the first infected region during an ascending infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inner membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer and a variety of proteins. (igem.org)
  • The recombinant protein Omp28 was tested with serum samples positive either against B. melitensis or B. suis for its efficacy as an antigen in an iELISA. (iswavld2023.org)
  • The recombinant 28 kDa protein of B. melitensis Omp28 is validated as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis. (iswavld2023.org)
  • The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a unique bilayer that forms an efficient permeation barrier to protect the cell from noxious compounds 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • In our early studies we found that bacterial lipoprotein TLR2 agonists are shed by bacteria into human serum in vitro and into the blood of septic mice and rats in vivo. (ucsf.edu)
  • LPS aggregates could work together with serum and membrane proteins similar to LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and CD14. (reventlov.com)
  • A single molecule of LPS is selected (purified away) from an aggregate by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)or potentially as a monomer where serum albumin has been found to serve in lieu of LBP. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • This important study tested the hypothesis that liver-derived but not serum-derived antibodies that are cross-reactive to E.coli and to host proteins can play a role in the hepatic damage found in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH). (elifesciences.org)
  • Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)
  • This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Periplasmic LptC and LptA proteins of the LPS transport system (Lpt) are responsible for LPS transfer between the Lpt inner and outer membrane complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Representing species-specific proteins and protein complexes in ontologies that are both human- and machine-readable facilitates the retrieval, analysis, and interpretation of genome-scale data sets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because proteins are often functional only as members of stable protein complexes, the PRO Consortium, in collaboration with existing protein and pathway databases, has launched a new initiative to implement logical and consistent representation of protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe here how the PRO Consortium is meeting the challenge of representing species-specific protein complexes, how protein complex representation in PRO supports annotation of protein complexes and comparative biology, and how PRO is being integrated into existing community bioinformatics resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO is a unique database resource for species-specific protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO facilitates robust annotation of variations in composition and function contexts for protein complexes within and between species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ProComp, the focus of this manuscript, represents multi-protein complexes, with an initial (but not exclusive) emphasis on protein components of complexes in mouse and human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein complexes are distinguished from protein-protein interactions in that they are continuant entities, i.e. they endure or continue to exist through time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The explicit representation of protein complexes in PRO--defining each member of the complex at the level of its isoform, variant, or modified form--provides the ability to represent complex biological knowledge as it is emerging in the experimental research community in structures that are both human readable and accessible to algorithmic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ProComp leverages, and cross references, entries in existing protein-centric informatics resources, including the protein complexes that are represented in the Cellular Component branch of the Gene Ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the GO, types of protein complexes are defined in terms of constituent macromolecule classes and the function(s) that the complexes carry out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major contribution of PRO as a protein biology community informatics resource is that it provides a formal ontological structure with foundation in Basic Formal Ontology http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/ to describe types of protein complexes and gives these types unique, permanent identifiers http://www.obofoundry.org/id-policy.shtml . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Its massive layer protects the bacterium from phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The complement system, another core component of the innate immune response, can kill bacteria directly. (igem.org)
  • Bacteria with a K1 capsule are therefore resistant to both innate and adaptive immune responses. (igem.org)
  • The bacteria overcome innate host immunity through several means. (medscape.com)
  • Natural antimicrobial peptides, which are essential components of the innate immune system, provide broad-spectrum protection against bacteria, yeasts, and some viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A single E. coli cell contains about 2 million LPS molecules, which are released into the lysate during cell lysis, as occurs in production of most recombinant proteins. (interchim.com)
  • The environment of the recombinant protein: When the fermentation temperature is high (37-42℃) or the intracellular pH is close to the isoelectric point of the protein, inclusion bodies are easily formed. (medicilon.com)
  • Protein renaturation is the most critical and complex issue in recombinant protein purification . (medicilon.com)
  • Additionally, it was determined that de novo H protein was required for optimal synthesis of other viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • some other ways can remove endotoxins in particular applications (not suitable for many processes), such as electrophoresis, detergents, ultracentrifugation, or enzymatic digestion of proteins. (interchim.com)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • damage of DNA The NER system has been extensively studied in E. coli where the S63845 research buy uvr gene products protect bacteria from different types of DNA damages including those induced by UV radiations [14]. (faksignaling.com)
  • Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
  • Hence, we hypothesize that boosting levels of mucosal flagellin-specific IgA might help keep flagellated bacteria in check and, consequently protect against development of chronic gut inflammation. (nature.com)
  • These proteins have revealed many aspects of the relationships between the bacteria, the gastric mucosal surface, and the final outcome of the disease. (nimml.org)
  • The Shiga enterotoxin produced by Shigella species and the Shiga-like enterotoxin elaborated by many isolates of E. coli inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. (reventlov.com)
  • The expression level is too high: the reason may be that the synthesis speed is too fast, so that there is not enough time to fold, the disulfide bonds cannot be paired correctly, too many non-specific bindings between proteins, and the protein cannot achieve sufficient solubility, etc. (medicilon.com)
  • This is necessary because most host iron is bound to intracellular and extracellular proteins. (medscape.com)
  • The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
  • Ethanol can interfere with cell membrane's ability to act as a barrier, and interrupt key cellular processes such as protein biosynthesis, energy transduction and transport[ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibiotics in current use target a surprisingly small number of cellular functions: cell wall, DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, H protein induces lysis of the bacterial host at high concentrations as the predicted N-terminal transmembrane helix easily pokes holes through the bacterial wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a solid methodology that includes state-of-the-art microscopy, proteome arrays, and gene ontology assays, it provides strong evidence that liver-derived IgG and IgA with cytotoxic properties and reactivity to both gut-derived E.coli and autoantigens accumulated in hepatocytes of SAH patients but not of healthy controls. (elifesciences.org)
  • Identification of all ΦX174 proteins using mass spectrometry has recently been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similarly, there are a variety of additional features in E. coli that can elicit strong adaptive immune responses including the pili and flagella. (igem.org)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and E coli K99 pili protein were evaluated by Western blots and immunocytochemistry. (neurology.org)
  • CagA is an effector protein injected into the gastric epithelial cells by a type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI). (nimml.org)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent inflammation of the colon facilitates systemic absorption of the Stx and lipopolysaccharide from the GI tract. (medscape.com)
  • The mechanisms regulating mitochondrial protein trafficking into and out of the nucleus and the role these proteins play in the nucleus remain to be elucidated. (pdbwiki.org)
  • This activity is controlled by a protein of unknown function, YhdP, and deletion of yhdP damages the OM permeability barrier in a cyclic ECA-dependent manner, allowing harmful molecules such as antibiotics into the cell. (princeton.edu)
  • This is the mechanism by which the double stranded supercoiled genome is nicked on the positive strand by a virus-encoded A protein, also attracting a bacterial DNA polymerase (DNAP) to the site of cleavage. (wikipedia.org)
  • One feature of inflammation-associated gut microbiotas is enrichment of motile bacteria, which can facilitate microbiota encroachment into the mucosa and activate pro-inflammatory gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. (lectoro.com)
  • Furthermore, long-term lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure mimicking immunosuppression in the resolution phase of inflammation synergistically increased Dex-mediated TLR2 upregulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many other water-born and fecal bacteria shed also LPS, contaminating gloves, labware, buffers and downstream products (cell culture media, solutions of purified substance or reagent). (interchim.com)
  • The outer membrane similarly is a lipid bilayer, and the lipid component of it is called lipopolysaccharide, or LPS. (igem.org)
  • The lipid X component of the LPS in E. coli contains 6 acyl chains. (igem.org)
  • MlaA represents a lipid transport protein that selectively removes outer leaflet phospholipids to help maintain the essential barrier function of the bacterial OM. (nature.com)
  • Three systems are known to maintain OM lipid asymmetry: the OM phospholipase A 2 PldA 7 , the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) palmitoyl transferase PagP 8 and the Mla (maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry) system. (nature.com)
  • 3 , 4 Inflammatory molecules including C-reactive protein and inerleukin-6 are elevated in blood years before dementia. (neurology.org)
  • They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Recent reports have suggested that clinical FQ-resistant E. coli actually tends to be less virulent than susceptible isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, evidence suggests that clinical FQ-resistant E. coli isolates from humans in Iowa were associated with a shift toward non-B2 phylogenetic groups and to a lower overall virulence genotype ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Outer-membrane protein variation is seen in association with phase variation, but lipopolysaccharide expression is preserved in piliated as well as extensively passaged non-piliated isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here, using a monomeric E. coli LptA mutant, we first show in vivo that a stable LptA oligomeric form is not strictly essential for bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. (pdbwiki.org)
  • Les anticorps du jaune d'œuf de poule (IgY), production et utilisation en immunisation passive contre les infections entériques bactériennes : une revue. (ac.be)
  • In common, gram unfavorable bacteria enter the bloodstream from infections within the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, or hepatobiliary system. (reventlov.com)
  • Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of immune-related peptides/ proteins that protect the host from microbial infections [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under certain growth conditions, genetically engineered bacteria can accumulate certain special biological macromolecules, which are densely concentrated in cells, or enveloped by a membrane or form a bare membrane-free structure. (medicilon.com)
  • In addition, as the structural component of flagella, elevated levels of flagellin might reflect enriched levels of motile bacteria that have high ability to penetrate the mucus layer that serves to protect the host against microbial onslaught. (nature.com)
  • A discussion of structural components of a bacteria. (lectoro.com)
  • Other components of the outer membrane include a structural protein, LPP, and a variety of other proteins. (igem.org)
  • We attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the phagocytic mechanism of different hemocytes and their contribution to the host defense immunity in crustaceans, which will be beneficial for the establishment of potential effective strategies to control diseases caused by viruses and bacteria in crustacean industries. (frontiersin.org)
  • The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, is well suited to be part of the multidimensional strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
  • Thus, we hypothesized that the upregulated membrane-bound TLR2 might serve as a precursor for soluble TLR2 (sTLR2), known to antagonize TLR2-dependent cell actions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The carbohydrates embedded in the outer membrane are extremely diverse within the E. coli species. (igem.org)
  • ProForm represents species-specific and species-independent classes of protein isoforms, co- and post-translationally modified forms, and variant forms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As shown in figure 1, the inflammatory response towards H. pylori is initiated through the interaction between the pathogen lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on gastric epithelial cells [ 6 ]. (nimml.org)
  • To alter the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87-MG and U118-MG cell-derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. (pdbwiki.org)
  • A flagellum (plural, flagella ) is a long, whip-like projection or appendage of a cell composed of microtubules (long, slender, protein tubes) and used in motility. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The flagellum of eukaryotes usually moves with an "S" motion and is surrounded by cell membrane . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Cell division protein FtsL [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)
  • Antimicrobial agents have been predominantly isolated from bacteria and fungi and either produced through fermentation or produced chemically [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There are several core issues associated with introducing E. coli into the bloodstream of human beings or other animals. (igem.org)
  • When the bloodstream "looks" at E. coli, what it "sees" is the outer membrane because everything else is stuck inside. (igem.org)
  • To ensure intracellular expression of the protein, the sequence coding for the signal peptide was removed. (iswavld2023.org)