• Leading health care organizations, including Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), have declared that antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats facing the world. (prnewswire.com)
  • FQs are widely used in infectious diseases due to their excellent oral bioavailability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics is a superb example of intelligent design principles applied to medical research and human biology. (evolutionnews.org)
  • For the medical specialty, see Infectious diseases (medical specialty) . (wikipedia.org)
  • Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
  • In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymptomatic for much or even all of their course in a given host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sign up to receive email alerts on emergency preparedness and response topics from FDA, including medical countermeasures and emerging infectious diseases. (fda.gov)
  • Bacteria known to cause skin and soft tissue infections were uncovered in microbiological studies of the skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), with nearly 60% of cultures dominated by Staphylococcus lugdunensis , according to a study published online November 13 in Emerging Infectious Diseases . (medscape.com)
  • Healthy pet dogs and cats could be passing on antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well as genes that play a key role in bacterial resistance to their owners, according to new research to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal (23-26 April). (eurekalert.org)
  • Deforestation and land use changes impact the spread of infectious diseases, research suggests. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Destruction of tropical forests like these in Borneo, is changing the pattern of spread of infectious diseases such a malaria. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Mapping infectious diseases plays a vital role in guiding public health policy and practice. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The goal of the draft global action plan is to ensure, for as long as possible, continuity of successful treatment and prevention of infectious diseases with effective and safe medicines that are quality-assured, used in a responsible way, and accessible to all who need them. (who.int)
  • With this approach, the main goal of ensuring treatment and prevention of infectious diseases with effective and safe medicines is achievable. (who.int)
  • Resistance that develops in one organism or location can also spread rapidly and unpredictably, through for instance exchange of genetic material between different bacteria, and can affect antibiotic treatment of a wide range of infections and diseases. (who.int)
  • Viruses and respiratory infectious diseases are spreading widely. (quebec.ca)
  • Monitor your health and the onset of symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases, such as fever, cough, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, nasal discharge and nasal congestion. (quebec.ca)
  • Wearing a mask or a face covering reduces the risk of transmission of several infectious respiratory diseases. (quebec.ca)
  • It's a feature of certain autoimmune , inflammatory, and infectious diseases. (healthline.com)
  • More often than not, humans are the main source of infectious diseases. (mynewsdesk.com)
  • a Department of Regional Cooperation for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. (who.int)
  • Complement and infectious diseases / author, Douglas P. Fine. (who.int)
  • Now, a new study has shown that the tiniest passengers flown in space -- microbes -- can be equally affected by spaceflight, making them into more infectious pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Now, a new study led by researchers from the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University has shown that the tiniest passengers flown in space -- microbes -- can be equally affected by space flight, making them more infectious pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens , their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • Gram-negative pathogens, in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa , are most frequently isolated in association with both early and late infectious events 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The objective of the current ering new classes of antimicrobials and the increasing study was, therefore, to assess the bacteriologic pro- emergence and reemergence of resistant pathogens, file, resistance pattern, and patient's outcome in Lan- mortality from infectious disease is increasing [1]. (who.int)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) are more prevalent in the infectious arthritis that affects individuals who abuse intravenous (IV) drugs. (medscape.com)
  • ST. LOUIS , July 26, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Sequoia Sciences announced it has received Fast Track Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its novel, investigational vaccine designed to treat recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. (prnewswire.com)
  • In granting Fast Track status, the FDA acknowledges that recurrent UTI caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is a serious condition for which there is an unmet medical need. (prnewswire.com)
  • 2 It is estimated that about half of these patients have UTI caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (prnewswire.com)
  • The North American Emerging Infections Network reported that about 80 percent of responding infectious disease physicians had treated a UTI caused by the most resistant bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). (prnewswire.com)
  • As unreasonable antibiotics usage remains crucial in the proceeding of resistant bacteria selection, our study could greatly promote the avoidance of unnecessary antibiotic usage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the widespread use of FQs, FQs-resistant (FQR) gram-negative bacteria are gradually increasing, limiting the selection for treating infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 2010, a study in a hospital in Mumbai found that most carbapenem-resistant bacteria isolated from patients carried the blaNDM-1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In initial assays the bacterium was fully resistant to all antibiotics tested, while later tests found that it was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, US experts stated that it is unclear as to whether this strain is any more dangerous than existing antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which are already common in the USA. (wikipedia.org)
  • As previously, the bacteria were fully resistant to all the aminoglycoside, β-lactam, and quinolone antibiotics, but were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oral and respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a particular threat because of the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, with vulnerable patient populations at high risk of infection [ 2 , 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • Our findings verify not only the sharing of antibiotic resistant bacteria but also of resistance genes between companion animals and their owners in the community, underscoring the need for continuous local surveillance programmes to identify the potential risk to human health", says Dr Menezes from the University of Lisbon. (eurekalert.org)
  • The role of companion animals as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a growing concern worldwide. (eurekalert.org)
  • In this study, researchers wanted to find out how these resistant bacteria are spread and whether there is a cross-over between healthy companion animals (ie, cats and dogs) and their owners. (eurekalert.org)
  • Because it is not as sensitive as whole genome sequencing, they also sequenced the strains to confirm the possible sharing of resistant bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Also, SATURN had as mission to improve methodological standards and conduct research to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in different environments, by combining state-of-the-art analyses of molecular, ecologic and individual patient-level data. (europa.eu)
  • Drug-resistant bacteria can circulate in populations of human beings and animals, through food, water and the environment, and transmission is influenced by trade, travel and both human and animal migration. (who.int)
  • Resistant bacteria can be found in food animals and food products destined for consumption by humans. (who.int)
  • View of How can we ?ght against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the World Health Organization Western Paci?c Region? (who.int)
  • The public health community is faced with the global challenge posed by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing enterobacteriaceae. (who.int)
  • In today's world of international travel, the globalization of drug-resistant bacteria is a pressing issue for public health professionals. (who.int)
  • In the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region, as well as other regions in the world, more and more new types of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have come to the forefront. (who.int)
  • In this perspective article, we consider four focus areas for countries in the Western Pacific Region to consider when strategizing their response to antimicrobial resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • Constructing a standardized surveillance system in the Region would provide useful data to monitor and assess the pattern and frequency of resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • Such a network would assist countries, especially when dealing with cross-border outbreaks of resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • The WHO South-East Asia and the Western Pacific Regional Offices are collaborating to build up standard laboratory methods and surveillance systems to monitor resistant bacteria in both regions. (who.int)
  • Basic research of drug-resistant bacteria, such as identifying responsible genes and enzymes, is crucial to understanding the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and transmission. (who.int)
  • Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produc- ing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 37.5% (54) isolates and carbapenem resistant bacteria were identified in 27.8% of patients. (who.int)
  • Age 65 years, presence of septic shock, and presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria were independently associated with in- creased in-hospital mortality. (who.int)
  • Conclusion High number of resistant microorganisms was isolated, and increased mortality was documented from infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria and is commonly transmitted to humans through cuts or ingestion of floodwater. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Brucellosis is in infectious disease caused by bacteria in the genus Brucella . (medicinenet.com)
  • It's the most severe form of infection that is due to the rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus anthracis (refer to all forms of bacteria in this list). (microbiologynote.com)
  • Infectious arthritis is an infection in the joint. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae , which infect the lining of the urethra, cervix, rectum, or throat, or the membranes that cover. (merckmanuals.com)
  • [1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. (wikipedia.org)
  • These bacteria go on to spread the infection to other human cells. (medicinenet.com)
  • Infectious spondylitis is a rare but serious spinal infection, usually from bacteria or other germs. (healthline.com)
  • Infectious spondylitis is an infection that develops in your spine, usually from bacteria. (healthline.com)
  • When you have infectious spondylitis, your spinal inflammation is due to an underlying infection. (healthline.com)
  • Infectious spondylitis means an infection caused the inflammation in the body of your spine (vertebrae). (healthline.com)
  • Together these results provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms of uptake and survival of various phenotypes of GAS bacteria relevant for colonization and recurrent infection. (lu.se)
  • Bacteria pick up eukaryotic sequences encoding different characters, such as nutrition , but the most notable use of "higher" organism DNA is to infect and manipulate eukaryotic cells in the service of bacterial survival and multiplication. (huffpost.com)
  • Here are some of the different types of bacterial illnesses which are caused by several causative factors found in all over the globe of bacteria. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that is contracted when the nose, eyes or the open area of a wound are exposed to water or soil that has been contaminated with bacteria. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the two most common types of bacteria that cause bacterial keratitis.It mostly develops in people who use contacts improperly. (healthline.com)
  • The study , published Dec. 4 in Nature Communications, suggests that the gut microbiota - the unique bacterial population of the digestive system - may be capable of "seeding" the urinary tract with infectious organisms. (cornell.edu)
  • After further sequencing the bacterial DNA in each transplant patient's fecal and urine specimens, the investigators found enough similarity to conclude that the gut bacteria were likely the source of infections. (cornell.edu)
  • Bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract comprise the majority of infectious complications and have a bimodal temporal distribution. (ersjournals.com)
  • Microscopy of internalized bacteria showed that planktonic bacteria were internalized in lower numbers as individual or small clumps of bacteria in the cytoplasm, whereas GAS biofilm bacteria displayed a pattern of perinuclear localization of bacterial aggregates that affected actin structure. (lu.se)
  • Although a variety of species of bacteria may cause pneumonia the most prevalent reason most often is Streptococcus pneumoniae. (microbiologynote.com)
  • and one was a pure culture of Streptococcus pyogenes , probably associated with an unrelated acute infectious syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The study, published in JAMA , found that children with positive nasopharyngeal tests for one or more of Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , or Moraxella catarrhalis had better resolution of symptoms with antibiotics than those without these bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • According to testing carried out by the independent, accredited CAS Test Technical Services in China, the Blueair Classic 280i, removed the most common viruses and bacteria including H1N1 influenza A/PR8/34 with a clearance rate of over 99.99%, as well as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus"*, added Johansson. (mynewsdesk.com)
  • Inclusion conjunctivitis is a particularly long-lasting form of conjunctivitis caused by certain strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . (merckmanuals.com)
  • The researchers used Rep-PCR, a fast and simple to use molecular fingerprinting technique that helps to identify related strains of bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • In three of these households, matched resistance genes were only recovered at one timepoint (see figure 2 in notes to editors), but in one household, sharing strains were noted at two consecutive timepoints suggesting a persistent colonisation of shared bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • In addition, in two of the households, the microbes in pets matched E. coli strains found in their owner's stool sample, but in the other two, there was no evidence of bacteria sharing (see figure 3 in notes to editors). (eurekalert.org)
  • Interestingly, internalization and persistence of planktonic bacteria varied significantly between strains, whereas biofilm bacteria were internalized in similar and higher numbers, and all strains persisted beyond 44 hours, showing a more homogenous phenotype. (lu.se)
  • Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The leading gut-altering techniques today use probiotics - live bacteria introduced via food or supplements - and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) - the transfer of gut bacteria from one individual to another - to establish a healthier balance of microorganisms. (cornell.edu)
  • Testing children with acute sinusitis symptoms for specific bacteria may dramatically decrease unnecessary antibiotic use, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
  • If you have to go to work, school or daycare, notify the head of the establishment that you have symptoms of a respiratory infectious disease and follow the measures in force in the establishment. (quebec.ca)
  • What are the symptoms of infectious spondylitis? (healthline.com)
  • WHO's ​standard recommendation to reduce exposure to and transmission of a range of illnesses include hand and respiratory hygiene respiratory hygiene as well as safe food practices, but there is also evidence that air purifiers using HEPASilent™ filtration technology can help protect you against viruses and bacteria. (mynewsdesk.com)
  • The HEPASilent™ filtration technology used in all Blueair air purifiers successfully capture 99.97% of airborne particles such as viruses and bacteria", says Daniel Johansson, Chief Technology Officer at Blueair, a world-leader in air purification solutions. (mynewsdesk.com)
  • Blueair's test-winning air purifiers not only eliminates viruses and bacteria from the air but prevents any germ growth thanks to the hydrophobic filters which repels water. (mynewsdesk.com)
  • Many bacteria are present in humans as normal microbiota, often in large numbers and in many areas (eg, in the gastrointestinal tract and skin). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Urban Puerto Rican anoles, for instance, had a high frequency of a particular bacterium that is common in humans and associated with a diet high in protein and animal fats. (the-scientist.com)
  • Another way that brucellosis spreads to humans is by inhalation of the bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
  • The bacteria can also infect humans through breaks in the skin or through the mucous membranes. (medicinenet.com)
  • Dr. Lee and his team, including first author Matthew Magruder, a student at Weill Cornell Medical College, investigated the link by collecting fecal and urine samples from 168 kidney transplant recipients over a three-month period, quantifying the specific amount and types of bacteria using state-of-the-art sequencing technology. (cornell.edu)
  • Samples were collected at monthly intervals for four months, and genetic sequencing was used to identify both the species of bacteria in each sample, and the presence of drug resistance genes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Although the results do not prove that the bacteria are the causative agent, they do support antibiotic treatment of HS, say authors Hélène Guet-Revillet, MD, from the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, and colleagues. (medscape.com)
  • In the majority of cases the anthrax bacterium exists in spores, and is located in soil. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The terrorists release the spores from the bacterium in crowds and public areas, or mail letters with spores. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The bacteria make spores, which are a form of the bacteria that live in a protective shell. (webmd.com)
  • You can get anthrax if spores get into your body, break open and release the bacteria, which make toxins (poison) that harm you. (webmd.com)
  • If they think you may have breathed in the spores that yield anthrax bacteria, you may get a chest X-ray or CT scan . (webmd.com)
  • After the flight, animal virulence studies showed that bacteria that were flown in space were almost three times as likely to cause disease when compared with control bacteria grown on the ground. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Then they were grown for 24 hours, and at the end of 24 hours, Heide pushed down on the plunger again, which either "fixed" the bacteria with chemicals that preserved the gene expression message, or else introduced fresh media to keep the bacteria growing to perform the virulence studies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • After the bacteria returned to Earth, the group performed the first global analysis of Salmonella to measure the effect of space flight on gene and protein expression and virulence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), increasing the virulence of these bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • Nongonococcal infectious arthritis is an acute or subacute illness with potentially significant morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Sequoia's vaccine is designed to create an immune response preventing bacteria from colonizing the urinary tract, and it recently completed its first clinical trial in women. (prnewswire.com)
  • Bacteria take control of eukaryotic cells by injecting regulatory proteins into their hosts. (huffpost.com)
  • Though the lack of motility might be regarded a disadvantage, some non-motile bacteria possess structures that allow their attachment to eukaryotic cells, like GI mucousal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
  • If it is left in this form the bacteria can survive for a long time and develop resistance to radiation and heat. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The resistance conferred by this gene (blaNDM-1), therefore, aids the expansion of bacteria that carry it throughout a human host, since they will face less opposition/competition from populations of antibiotic-sensitive bacteria, which will be diminished by the original antibacterial treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes the bacteria may not be shared, but their resistance genes can be", explains Dr Menezes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance develops when bacteria adapt and grow in the presence of antibiotics. (who.int)
  • Anthrax is an infectious disease that's caused by bacteria. (webmd.com)
  • And a stool test can look for signs of anthrax bacteria in order to diagnose gastrointestinal anthrax. (webmd.com)
  • You'll get a blood test to check for antibodies to anthrax or toxin made by the anthrax bacteria in your blood . (webmd.com)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kidney transplant patients may be caused by bacteria that originate in the digestive tract, according to investigators at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University and NewYork-Presbyterian. (cornell.edu)
  • Inhaling micro-droplets of water containing Legionella can lead to pneumonia , where the bacteria encase themselves in intracellular compartments called vacuoles in lung cells. (huffpost.com)
  • The research also suggests that new treatments for UTIs may be found in strategies that alter the balance of gut bacteria towards so-called "good" organisms. (cornell.edu)
  • The unexpected efficacy of wide-spectrum antimicrobial treatments for HS highly suggests that these bacteria are partly causative agents for suppurative hidradenitis and should be considered to be treatment targets. (medscape.com)
  • 1 cat and 14 dogs) pets and 15 out of 114 (13%) household members from both countries were found to be carrying ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • Brucella bacteria can enter the human body through mucous membranes, breaks in the skin, the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and even the conjunctiva . (medicinenet.com)
  • If animals like sheep, goats, buffalo, cows, or camels are infected with Brucella , the milk they produce is contaminated with the bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
  • Although this risk is generally associated with people who work in laboratories studying Brucella organisms, it is possible that people working in meat-processing areas could be exposed to the bacteria by inhalation of droplets from contaminated meat (cattle, sheep). (medicinenet.com)
  • It is not yet clear whether free-living or intracellular Legionella is the infectious agent . (huffpost.com)
  • Streptolysin S was required for optimal uptake and persistence of M3 planktonic bacteria, whereas SpeB improved intracellular survival of biofilm bacteria. (lu.se)
  • Bacteria may develop a synergistic relationship with bacteriophages and more effectively resist various stresses, enabling them to persist despite disinfection and antimicrobial treatment. (mdpi.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects the lung. (microbiologynote.com)
  • [ 1 ] Nongonococcal infectious arthritis is typically a monoarticular disease, but in approximately 10% of patients, it affects multiple joints. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment with antibiotics is one of the main arma- and population tailors the initial empiric antibiotic ments of modern medicine, with the discovery of management of patients, which significantly affects antibiotics in the 1930s to 1960s drastically reducing patient's outcome, including health-related costs, mor- infectious disease mortality. (who.int)
  • One type of infectious arthritis is reactive arthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Another form of reactive arthritis starts with eating food or handling something that has bacteria on it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To diagnose infectious arthritis, your health care provider may do tests of your blood, urine, and joint fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infectious arthritis ensues when foreign organisms invade the synovium or joint space. (medscape.com)
  • Candida organisms, including Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, may cause infectious arthritis in debilitated hospitalized patients or in patients on long-term antibacterial therapy. (medscape.com)
  • The introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents into the treatment of inflammatory arthritis may further predispose this population to infectious arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Elderly individuals are at particular risk for infectious arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Previous microbiological studies found a range of bacteria associated with HS lesions, but these were usually considered contaminants of the primary lesions. (medscape.com)
  • The primary and secondary lesions are rich in bacteria and are considered highly infectious. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious spondylitis is twice as common in men than in women. (healthline.com)
  • Pain is the most common symptom of infectious spondylitis across all subtypes. (healthline.com)