• The control of plant stem cells is essential for sustaining the function of apical meristems, plant growth, and ultimately productivity 1 . (nature.com)
  • WUS is a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) produced in the organizing center (OC) domain of apical meristems and is transported via plasmodesmata into the apical domain (called central zone, CZ) to promote proliferation of stem cells 3 . (nature.com)
  • Virus free plants can be produced if shoot apical meristems of about 0.25 mm long with one or two leaf primordia are inoculated. (pw.live)
  • Variability of plant architecture is related to the distribution and position of the vegetative and reproductive structures along its short axis (rosette plant) and is determined by many factors, including abiotic, agronomic, nutritional and environmental factors. (researchgate.net)
  • In summary, OsDPE2 can regulate vegetative and reproductive plant development of rice by modulating starch content. (springeropen.com)
  • OsDPE2 encoded a cytoplasmic Disproportionating Enzyme 2 involved in starch breakdown at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of rice. (springeropen.com)
  • For a plant with strong apical dominance, many or most of the axillary buds found on the main stem remain in their inactive (Iax) form for most or all of the growing season. (qubs.ca)
  • Stem bears vegetative bud for vegetative growth of the plant, and floral buds for reproduction, and ends in a terminal bud. (ncertmcq.com)
  • Buds have architecture identical to the original shoot and develop into lateral branches or may terminate by developing into a flower or inflorescence. (ncertmcq.com)
  • Adventitious buds function as propagules which are produced on the stem as tuberous structures. (ncertmcq.com)
  • For micropropagation, axillary buds, shoot tips or any other plant part can be used as an explant. (pw.live)
  • The terminal bud cease to grow after a period of growth and the further growth is taken care by successive or several lateral meristem or buds. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • The bud bank is the individual's population of axillary meristems positioned along plant shoots, and from which essential structures develop. (qubs.ca)
  • Some types of plant habit include: Herbaceous plants (also called herbs or forbs): a plant whose structures above the surface of the soil, vegetative or reproductive, die back at the end of the annual growing season, and never become woody. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants can be defined as multicellular photosynthetic organisms with reproductive structures that are more complex than single cells. (vt.edu)
  • By this definition, algae are not considered plants because they are either unicellular or their reproductive structures are essentially unicellular, and fungi, too, are excluded because they are not photosynthetic. (vt.edu)
  • The ABC produces four structures (proximal to distal, relative to the subtending leaf) as the result of two successive subdivisions: an inflorescence of staminate flowers, a solitary pistillate flower, a lateral bud, and a tendril. (wiley.com)
  • In the Cucurbitaceae, the tendrils, coiling organs used for climbing and mechanical support, are part of an axillary bud complex (ABC). (wiley.com)
  • The formation of woody tissue is an example of secondary growth, a change in existing tissues, in contrast to primary growth that creates new tissues, such as the elongating tip of a plant shoot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The epicotyl elongates after embryo growth into the axis (the stem) that bears leaves from its tip, which contain the actively dividing cells of the shoot called apical meristem. (ncertmcq.com)
  • The main axis shows continuous growth and the lateral branches gradually becoming shorter towards the apex which gives a conical appearance to the trees. (ncertmcq.com)
  • The growth of lateral branch is more vigorous than that of main axis. (ncertmcq.com)
  • The terminal bud grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Seed plants commonly allocate main stem growth to vertical (and in some cases horizontal) extension at the expense of allocation to growth of side branches. (qubs.ca)
  • reproductive (R) meristems produce flowers or inflorescences and growth (G) meristems produce branches bearing leaves. (qubs.ca)
  • Among these are traits that depend on functional meristems, populations of stem cells maintained by the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop that controls the expression of the WUS homeobox transcription factor. (nature.com)
  • Stem cells reside at the growing tip of meristems, where they differentiate to produce new organs throughout the life of plant and maintain a constant reservoir of pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Since plant organs sense their environment locally, gradients of micro-climates in the plant shoot may induce spatial variability in the physiological state of the plant tissue and hence secondary metabolism. (mdpi.com)
  • Plants that remain herbaceous are shorter and seasonal, dying back at the end of their growth season. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants from different nursery cultivation systems were dissected to determine plant architecture detecting and recording the fate of all the meristems before field cultivation. (researchgate.net)
  • The study shows that using specific propagation techniques, it may be possible to guide the architecture of the strawberry plants that can bear different number and distribution of shoots, inflorescences and stolons. (researchgate.net)
  • Under protected cultivation, July-plugged plants produced fruit in October, November and December. (researchgate.net)
  • Stem cuttings of some plants do not produce roots readily and have to be treated with hormones like IAA, IBA and NAA. (pw.live)
  • Plants produced in culture are carefully transferred to the soil. (pw.live)
  • The method is also useful for producing healthy plants in several important crops like potato, tapioca and sugarcane. (pw.live)
  • Even haploid plants can be produced by tissue culture technique. (pw.live)
  • In leaf scars along stems, cell changes across wood growth rings, or flowers along inflorescences, plants trace a record of their own development. (bvsalud.org)
  • [4] The first root in seed producing plants is the radicle , which expands from the plant embryo after seed germination. (wikimili.com)
  • Some plants are parasitic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. (handwiki.org)
  • There are about 382,000 accepted species of plants, [8] of which the great majority, some 293,000, produce seeds . (handwiki.org)
  • Root cuttings of lemon, tamarind, ipecac, etc. when put into moist soil, sprout forming new roots and shoots. (pw.live)
  • After a few days the covered portion of stem usually produces adventitious roots. (pw.live)
  • After the injured part produces roots, the branch is cut and planted separately to propagate a new individual. (pw.live)
  • In response to the concentration of nutrients, roots also synthesise cytokinin , which acts as a signal as to how fast the shoots can grow. (wikimili.com)
  • G meristems (as well as the apex of the main stem) can terminate in one of two fates: either in a reproductive or an inactive apex. (qubs.ca)
  • Strawberry plant architecture shows some constant features related to its sympodial growth. (researchgate.net)
  • This type of growth is also known as sympodial branching. (samacheerkalvi.guru)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • The regulation of WUS transcription is crucial for meristem homeostasis, whereby high WUS expression leads to enlarged meristems and low expression leads to the formation of small meristems 3 , 14 . (nature.com)
  • Further cell divisions and growth result in the formation of mass of tissue called a leaf primordium. (ncertmcq.com)
  • 2006 ). LAX1 , encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation (Komatsu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • In ( c ) an Iax has developed as a growth (G) meristem, producing a lateral leaf-bearing branch/shoot, thus promoting biomass accumulation and supporting three additional Iax meristems, and one terminal inactive shoot apical meristem (Iap) (red circles). (qubs.ca)
  • Activation of CLV3 in the OC is prevented by the action of WUS in conjunction with the GRAS-transcription regulators HAIRY MERISTEMs (HAMs) 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
  • The former produces a flower or an inflorescence whereas the latter typically produces nothing. (qubs.ca)
  • The pistillate flower apparently forms between the staminate inflorescence and the lateral bud. (wiley.com)
  • Terms used in describing plant habit, include: Acaulescent - the leaves and inflorescence rise from the ground, and appear to have no stem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
  • These findings establish ZmWUS1 as an essential meristem size regulator in maize and highlight the striking effect of cis-regulatory variation on a key developmental program. (nature.com)
  • Cytokinins regulate root apical meristem size and promote lateral root elongation. (wikimili.com)
  • Young shoot, leaf blade, petiole: Les infections graves provoquent l'annélation de la tige ou du pétiole. (poltekkes-pontianak.ac.id)
  • As such, it may change as the plant grows and is more properly called its growth habit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, plant architecture, which affects micro-climate in the shoot, may considerably affect the uniformity of cannabinoids in the Cannabis sativa plant, which has significant pharmaceutical and economic importance. (mdpi.com)
  • Referred to as apical dominance, this directional growth form 'strategy' is enabled by effects of the plant hormone auxin on suppression of the main stem's 'bud bank' ( Cline 1994 ). (qubs.ca)
  • This is useful commercially because the new individuals produced maintain the desirable characters of the parents and the offsprings are called as true type. (pw.live)
  • Plant habit can also refer to whether the plant possesses any specialised systems for the storage of carbohydrates or water, allowing the plant to renew its growth after an unfavourable period. (wikipedia.org)
  • Everbearers produced more runners than the other types. (researchgate.net)
  • The 3 types of strawberries were grown also under SD and NI under day/night temperature regimes of 18°/14°, 22°/18°, 26°/22°, and 30°/26°C. With number of inflorescences and runners and total dry weight per plant, significant photoperiod × temperature × type interactions were found. (researchgate.net)