• Rathke's results showed that these two cell layers existed in the embryos of non-vertebrate animals. (asu.edu)
  • We are taking an interdisciplinary approach to studying primordial germ cell (PGC) development in the context of gastrulating embryos by combining the power of molecular genetics with advanced optical imaging within living embryos. (usc.edu)
  • Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation J Vis Exp. (usc.edu)
  • My results in avian embryos suggest that de novo DNA methylation, exerted by both DNMT3A and DNMT3B, plays a dual role in neural crest development, with each individual paralogue apparently functioning during a distinct temporal window. (caltech.edu)
  • Furthermore, using grafting and lineage-tracing techniques in cultured mouse embryos to investigate the differential ability of odd and even-numbered segments to generate neural crest cells, we find that odd and even segments have an intrinsic ability to produce equivalent numbers of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
  • During migration in embryos, cells must alter their overall adhesiveness to the substrate to allow locomotion. (silverchair.com)
  • Significant accumulation of Homocysteine was caused by alcohol treatment in embryos and 5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate restores neural crest migration and alleviates homocysteine accumulation, resulting in inhibition of the alcohol-induced neurocristopathies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To complement the in vivo system of chick embryos, we also employ human cell cultures, chick neural crest derived in vitro crestospheres and in vivo mice models. (lu.se)
  • 1) elucidating the role of neuroblastoma associated protein HIF-2a in neural crest development and its potential role in tumor onset, 2) how trunk neural crest specific genes can function as tumor suppressor genes in neuroblastoma, and 3) develop inducible tumor models using chick embryos. (lu.se)
  • The migration differentiation and patterns fates of NCCs have already been well characterized in avian and rodent embryos [1]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Characterization of Pax3 and Sox10 transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos as tools to study neural crest development. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • As an embryo develops, a single fertilized cell progresses through multiple rounds of cell division. (asu.edu)
  • Eventually, the clump of cells goes through a stage called gastrulation, during which the embryo reorganizes itself into the three germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. (asu.edu)
  • We have used focal injections of DiI into the developing mouse hindbrain in combination with in vitro whole embryo culture to map the patterns of cranial neural crest cell migration into the developing branchial arches. (silverchair.com)
  • Our results show that mouse hindbrain-derived neural crest cells migrate in three segregated streams adjacent to the even-numbered rhombomeres into the branchial arches, and each stream contains contributions of cells from three rhombomeres in a pattern very similar to that observed in the chick embryo. (silverchair.com)
  • Pre-gastrulation exposure of 2-4% alcohol induces apoptosis in Xenopus embryo whereas 1% alcohol specifically impairs neural crest migration without observing discernible apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To model and thus be able to study thse childhood malignancies in an embryonic context, we have developed a paradigm of human tumor cell transplantation within selected tissues of the avian embryo. (inmg.fr)
  • Our approaches combine experimental embryology and functional studies of genes of interest in our avian models, 3D light sheet microscopy to cartography cells and molecules at the whole embryo level, videomicroscopy, and large-scale transcriptomic analyses. (inmg.fr)
  • However, the source of SLF in the early avian embryo and its precise role in melanogenesis are unclear. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our main model organism is the chick embryo, ideal for functional and translational studies on neural crest development. (lu.se)
  • Launch Neural crest cells (NCCs) are cell populations that originate in the first stage from the vertebrate embryo in the dorsal region from the neural pipe. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)
  • Germ cells migrate during the critical process of gastrulation, when the three primary germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm-are form and the primary body axes are established. (usc.edu)
  • Shortly after their dorsal specification, neural crest cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migrate, and finally, upon arrival at their destination, they give rise to a variety of cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cranial neural crest cells are a pluripotent population of cells derived from the neural tube that migrate into the branchial arches to generate the distinctive bone, connective tissue and peripheral nervous system components characteristic of the vertebrate head. (silverchair.com)
  • These cells originate from the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the facial primordia. (medscape.com)
  • Once NC induction is accomplished NC cells undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eventually migrate along predetermined trajectories. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signals that allow axons to locate themselves in space, called topographic or guidance signals, are also used by cells that migrate to build nerve structures. (inmg.fr)
  • With establishment of the lens vesicle, head mesoderm and neural crest cells migrate into a periocular location and eventually move into the anterior segment of the rudimentary eye between the surface ectoderm and the neural retina and lens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Whereas the adult heart has few sox10+ neural crest cells, we find that sox10 and other migratory neural crest markers are redeployed shortly after resection in the regenerated trabecular myocardium and ablation of the sox10 positive cells impairs closure of the wound. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Development of the vertebrate head depends on the multipotency and migratory behavior of neural crest derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of neural crest specification genes expressed in the neural plate of basal chordates, in addition to the discovery of pigmented migratory cells in ascidians, has challenged this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Environmental cues found throughout neural crest migratory routes play a fundamental role not only in instructing the precursor's differentiation into particular phenotypes, but also in controlling their proliferation and survival [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neural crest is a group of migratory, multipotent stem cells that play a crucial role in many aspects of embryonic development. (caltech.edu)
  • NC cells are multipotent migratory cells originating at the ectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These are multipotent cells endowed with high migratory potential, that contribute to many tissues in the body. (inmg.fr)
  • The project aims at characterizing shared and unshared behaviors of malignant cells with their cells of origin labeled by specific fluorescent reporters, focusing on migratory processes. (inmg.fr)
  • Neural crest cells have broad migratory and differentiative ability that differs according to their axial level of origin. (bvsalud.org)
  • This cell population is considered a vertebrate innovation and, accordingly, chordate ancestors lacked neural crest counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of neural crest genes, 9% are vertebrate innovations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our comparative analyses show that, among different tissues, the neural crest exhibits a particularly high rate of gene emergence during vertebrate evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This uniquely vertebrate cell population forms within the dorsal neural tube but then emigrates out and migrates long distances to different regions of the body. (caltech.edu)
  • The highly conserved segmental organisation of the vertebrate hindbrain plays an important role in pattering the pathways of neural crest cell migration and in generating the distinct or separate streams of crest cells that form unique structures in each arch. (silverchair.com)
  • To properly understand host-microbe interactions, Róisín Owens and colleagues at the University of Cambridge and Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, established these stable cocultures to create a 3D in vitro model of vertebrate intestinal epithelium interfaced with immune cells . (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • Steel factor (SLF) and its cognate receptor, c-kit, have been implicated in the generation of melanocytes from migrating neural crest (NC) cells during early vertebrate embryogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The neural crest is a vertebrate-specific embryonic stem. (shashankgandhi.com)
  • Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles present on diverse vertebrate cell types and critical for development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)
  • The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
  • We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The results suggest that de novo DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mark used for cell fate restriction of progenitor cells during neural crest cell fate specification. (caltech.edu)
  • Therefore, using avian retroviruses, the team permanently labeled progenitor cells of the neural crest and olfactory placode and tracked them during early development. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • This heterogeneity suggests that dysregulated differentiation of sympathetic progenitor cells plays a key role in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • By integrating advanced molecular, imaging, single cell transcriptomics, and statistical approaches, we study how molecules work together to control the timing and the spatial pattern of cell differentiation in developing tissues and stem cell systems. (usc.edu)
  • In this thesis, I dissect the roles of the de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 3A and 3B in neural crest specification, migration and differentiation. (caltech.edu)
  • Thus, DNMT3B regulates the duration of neural crest production by the neural tube and the timing of their differentiation. (caltech.edu)
  • Abnormal migration, proliferation, differentiation, or survival of these cells contribute to diseases of the anterior segment such as corneal dystrophy, lens cataract, and glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Allelic deficiency, modeled by phox2b morpholino knockdown, led to a decrease in the terminal differentiation markers th and dbh in sympathetic ganglion cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This effect on terminal differentiation is associated with an increased number of phox2b + , ascl1 + , elavl3 − cells that respond poorly to retinoic acid. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • These findings suggest that a reduced dosage of PHOX2B during development, through either a heterozygous deletion or dominant-negative mutation, imposes a block in the differentiation of sympathetic neuronal precursors, resulting in a cell population that is likely to be susceptible to secondary transforming events. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A defining feature of neuroblastic tumors is their broad spectrum of cellular differentiation, ranging from undifferentiated cells that indicate a poor prognosis to those showing greater differentiation and predicting a generally favorable outcome [2] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We investigated the role of Col2a1a in neural crest migration and differentiation during early zebrafish eye development. (mdpi.com)
  • McKeown S, Lee V, Bronner-Fraser M, Newgreen D, Farlie P. Sox10 Overexpression Induces Neural Crest-Like Cells From All Dorsoventral Levels of the Neural Tube but Inhibits Differentiation. (arizona.edu)
  • Faculty in our genetics and cell biology group investigate the genetic basis for animal growth, disease resistance, and nutrient efficiency, and the mechanisms underlying nutrient uptake, cellular differentiation, and lipid secretion. (umd.edu)
  • By transcriptionally profiling the cardiac versus trunk neural crest to characterize genes unique to this population, we identify a cardiac crest subcircuit comprised of Tgif1, Sox8, and Ets1 that is sufficient to reprogram the trunk neural crest with the ability to rescue cardiac neural crest ablation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • To determine the origin of neural crest genes, we analyzed Phenotype Ontology annotations to select genes that control the development of this tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A remarkable proportion of the new neural crest genes encode soluble ligands that control neural crest precursor specification into each cell lineage, including pigmented, neural, glial, and skeletal derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose that the evolution of the neural crest is linked not only to the recruitment of ancestral regulatory genes but also to the emergence of signaling peptides that control the increasingly complex lineage diversification of this plastic cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNMT3A promotes neural crest specification by directly mediating repression of neural genes, like Sox2 and Sox3. (caltech.edu)
  • Following his PhD on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in mammalian development, Lumsden's interest moved to the question of how integumental structures, such as teeth and vibrissae acquire their nerve supply, and how the cranial neural crest contributes to their patterning. (wikipedia.org)
  • How did the cranial neural crest gain its ability to form bone and cartilage? (shashankgandhi.com)
  • Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ectoderm is one of three germ layers-groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. (asu.edu)
  • The neural crest helps form many of the bones and connective tissues of the head and face, as well as parts of the peripheral nervous system. (asu.edu)
  • Secreted from neighboring tissues, signaling molecules of the Wnt, Fgf, and Bmp families cooperate to activate a distinct combination of transcription factors at the neural plate border. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After delamination, NCCs proliferate during migration towards several places inside the embryonic body vigorously, and differentiate right into a wide variety of cell tissue and types, including neurons and glial cells from the peripheral anxious systems (PNS), even muscles from the center and great vessels, bone tissue, cartilage, connective tissues of the true encounter, and melanocytes in your skin. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • In addition to the cells originating from the OC, and thus the neural tube, neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells contribute to the formation of the ciliary folds, forming connective tissues and ciliary muscles( Beebe, 1986 ). (biologists.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • These mesenchymal cells differentiate into the corneal endoderm, structures at the iridocorneal angle, and iris and ciliary body stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using an EdnrB enhancer, we generated a comprehensive temporal map of the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of VNC in the avian model, revealing three VNC cell clusters (neural, neurogenic and mesenchymal), each predetermined epigenetically prior to neural tube delamination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Why some neural tube cells undergo a change from neural to neural crest cell fate is unknown as is the timing of both onset and cessation of their emigration from the neural tube. (caltech.edu)
  • Thus, DNMT3A functions as a molecular switch, repressing neural to favor neural crest cell fate. (caltech.edu)
  • A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of development of the anterior segment can provide general insights into questions such as tissue induction, cell type fate determination, and the regulation of cellular morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicate that NC cell subpopulations play an active role in the determination of their cell fate and suggest a different developmental role for the embryonic microenvironment than what has been previously proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Christophorou N, Mende M, Lleras-Forero L, Grocott T, Streit A (2010) Pax2 coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate in the inner ear. (springer.com)
  • Wnt signaling orchestrates multiple aspects of central nervous system development, including cell proliferation and cell fate choices. (biologists.com)
  • Organ formation requires the establishment of pattern in relatively broad domains, leading to specific fate choices by individual cells, along with coordinated proliferation. (biologists.com)
  • It has previously been shown that surgical ablation of the chick cardiac crest results in failure of this septation process, phenocopying the human heart defect persistent truncus arteriosus, and that trunk neural crest fails to rescue this phenotype. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Morphorgens such as Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) secreted from the paraxial mesoderm and epidermis regulates the expression of a group of transcription factors ( Pax3, Zic1, Msx1 ) whereby defines the boarder of neural crest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identify and functionally validate regulatory cores (Sox10/Tfap2B/SoxB/Hbox) mediating each programme and elucidate their combinatorial activities with other spatiotemporally specific transcription factors (bHLH/NR). Our global deconstruction of the VNC-GRN in vivo sheds light on critical early regulatory mechanisms that may influence the divergent neural phenotypes in enteric neuropathies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)
  • The facial primordia are made up mainly of neural crest cells that have migrated from the cranial crest and settled. (medscape.com)
  • Trunk NCCs (tNCCs) emerge in the trunk region from the neural epithelium, and the ones migrating underneath the ectoderm will type pigment cells in your skin and others going for a ventral pathway via the somites will differentiate into neurons and glia from the PNS aswell as chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland [2]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Craniofacial NCCs (cNCCs) emerge in the forebrain, hindbrain and midbrain parts of the neural epithelium, and populate the frontonasal region or the pharyngeal arches based on their primary positions [3]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Src-transformed cells hijack mitosis to extrude from the epithelium. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The development of the avian corneal stroma occurs in discrete developmental stages. (omeka.net)
  • We reported previously that the avian EDNRB gene is expressed in the neural fold before crest cell migration and later on in all the neural crest derivatives except, at any developmental stage, in the melanocytic lineage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Application of various small molecules and recombinant proteins to mouse embryonic stem cells at specific time points in vitro has enabled recapitulation of developmental cues with subsequent formation of inner ear organoids. (springer.com)
  • Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our previous studies have shown that betaine, a methyl-donor, has efficacy in alleviating or preventing cardiac defects associated with CHDs in an avian model. (aap.org)
  • We are using a multiorganismal approach to examine the role of the cardiac neural crest in heart development and regeneration. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Cardiac neural crest cells contribute to important portions of the cardiovascular system including the aorticopulmonary septum and cardiac ganglion. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We then use replication incompetent avian retroviruses for precise high-resolution lineage analysis of the cardiac crest in chick and uncover a previously undescribed neural crest contribution to cardiomyocytes of the ventricles, supported by Wnt1-Cre lineage analysis in mice. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This raised the intriguing possibility that cardiac neural crest cells may contribute to heart repair. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The results suggest that cardiac neural crest cells contribute to many cardiovascular structures including cardiomyocytes across vertebrates and to the regenerating heart of teleost fish. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Our team studies different contexts of pathology and also seeks to understand whether malignant cells use the topographic signals of embryogenesis in an opportunistic way, to disseminate and establish distant metastases. (inmg.fr)
  • The avian fli gene is specifically expressed during embryogenesis in a subset of neural crest cells giving rise to mesenchyme. (ehu.eus)
  • He has also served as editor of Development (1995-2007) and is co-founder of the on-line, open-access journal Neural Development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thymus supports T-cell development via specialized microenvironments that ensure a diverse, functional and self-tolerant T-cell population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, experimental evidence suggests these cells are important for thymus function by either directly influencing T-cell development, or by indirectly regulating TEC development and/or function. (frontiersin.org)
  • however, further development of tools and studies of the mechanisms to specify and maintain germ cell niches in diverse systems are essential for an improved understanding of germline development and reproductive health. (usc.edu)
  • A Tale of Avian Heart Development with Comparisons to Mammal Heart Development J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. (usc.edu)
  • Fluorescent Quail: A Transgenic Model System for the Dynamic Study of Avian Development Methods Mol Biol. (usc.edu)
  • In recent years, growing evidence supports an important role for epigenetic regulation as a new mechanism for controlling aspects of neural crest development. (caltech.edu)
  • This creates crest-free territories and suggests that tissue interactions established during development and patterning of the branchial arches may set up signals that the neural plate is primed to interpret during the progressive events leading to the delamination and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
  • During embryonic development, many cell populations contribute to the various cell types of the olfactory system. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • In this report we investigated the fetal effect of alcohol on the process of neural crest development in the Xenopus leavis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dysregulation of neural crest (NC) development has been contributing to the majority of malformations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alcohol appears to be able to affect NC development via either interfering NC cell migration or prompting cell apoptosis [ 12 ] that is indistinguishable from induction defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Childhood malignancies of the nervous system: exploring the dissemination of tumoral cells in light of the mechanisms of the embryonic development. (inmg.fr)
  • During development, cells from diverse embryonic lineages interact to form the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zebrafish represent a powerful model organism for investigating the genetics and cell biology of development and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)
  • NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • The team was surprised to find that it is actually a dual contribution from both cell types that leads to sensory neurons in the nose and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons migrating to the olfactory bulb. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • The inner ear contains sensory epithelia composed of mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons that work in concert to detect sound and positional information and transmit those signals to the brain. (springer.com)
  • These organoids contain functional mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons, which phenocopy functional components of the inner ear responsible for detection of positional information. (springer.com)
  • Concomitant with the reduction of HH pathway activity, Tctn2 mutants exhibited increased cell death in the neurectoderm and facial ectoderm, culminating in a collapse of the facial midline. (elifesciences.org)
  • They delaminate in the border of non-neural and neural Captopril disulfide regions of the ectoderm. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • To gain insight into the oncogenic mechanisms engaged by these changes, we used zebrafish models to study the functional consequences of aberrant PHOX2B expression in the cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Bhat N, Kwon H, Riley B (2013) A gene network that coordinates preplacodal competence and neural crest specification in zebrafish. (springer.com)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • However, their transient nature has limited understanding of their stem cell and self-renewal properties. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population that gives rise to several critical cell types in. (shashankgandhi.com)
  • We focus on the childhood tumor form neuroblastoma, originating from cells of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in turn derived from the transient neural crest stem cell population. (lu.se)
  • Taking into consideration a recently available idea of cancers stem cells [7], [8], NCCs may talk about molecular features common to malignant tumors. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Dr. Goodnough has conducted research on the role of skeletal stem cells in fracture healing. (stanford.edu)
  • Topics have included the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on skeletal stem cells in fractures. (stanford.edu)
  • Ding Q, Regan S, Xia Y, Oostrom L, Cowan C, Musunuru K (2013) Enhanced efficiency of human pluripotent stem cell genome editing through replacing TALENs with CRISPRs. (springer.com)
  • Stem cell research and therapy, 14 (1). (reading.ac.uk)
  • In parallel, we study pediatric cancers of the nervous system in the light of their embryonic origin, in particular neuroblastoma, a cancer derived from the neural crest, and medulloblastoma from cerebellar progenitors. (inmg.fr)
  • Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L et al (2012) Restoration of auditory evodked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. (springer.com)
  • This implies that inter-rhombomeric signalling is less important than combinatorial interactions between the hindbrain and the adjacent arch environment in specific regions, in the process of restricting the generation and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Our discovery provides important insights into the mechanisms that determine whether a cell becomes part of the central nervous system or peripheral cell lineages. (caltech.edu)
  • We report here the cloning by reverse transcriptase-PCR of an avian cDNA encoding a subtype of EDNR, which we have called EDNRB2, because its deduced amino acid sequence is more closely related to that of EDNRB than to either the mammalian EDNRA or to the Xenopus EDNRC. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The emergence of these pluripotent cells is linked to the evolution of more sophisticated sensory and predatory organs (for instance, jaws). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • The primary thrust of the Genetics and Cell Biology Group is to illuminate the molecular and cellular basis of complex biological systems using a multi-organismal and multi-faceted approach. (umd.edu)
  • Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration Front Cell Dev Biol. (usc.edu)
  • In vivo time-lapse imaging reveals extensive neural crest and endothelial cell interactions during neural crest migration and formation of the dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia Dev Biol. (usc.edu)
  • J Cell Biol (1997) 138 (2): 471-480. (silverchair.com)
  • Resting on this archetypal chordate body plan, unique populations of cells, the neural crest and the ectodermal placodes, evolved in craniates (referred to here as 'vertebrates' for simplicity). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most contemporary researchers in the fields of neural crest and placode "evo-devo" have directed their efforts and expertise toward the study of either neural crest or placodes in isolation, the inevitable result of specialization that characterizes modern scientific research. (frontiersin.org)
  • My group investigates the fundamental principles that guide how cells self-organize through collective interactions to bring about changes in embryonic form and function. (usc.edu)
  • In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular data have further confirmed these anatomic descriptions, revealing a conserved patterning mechanism along the anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of the neural tube [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Second, I find that DNMT3B restricts the temporal window during which the neural crest cells emigrate from the dorsal neural tube. (caltech.edu)
  • Effects of FGFs on the morphogenic potency and AER-maintenance activity of cultured progress zone cells of chick limb bud. (ehu.eus)
  • Common defects seen in FAE and in our avian FASD model include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, absent major vessels, abnormal atrioventricular valves, and hypertrophic ventricles. (aap.org)
  • Our study demonstrates that prenatal alcohol exposure causes neural crest cell migration abnormality and 5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate could be beneficial for treating FASD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies using numerous animal models reveal that alcohol can initiate neural crest cell apoptosis, and eventually develops FASD [ 2 ]-[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that pre-gastrulation exposure of 2-4% alcohol induces developmentally non-specific apoptosis, whereas 1% alcohol specifically impairs neural crest migration without significant apoptosis, which consequently lead to neurocristopathies-like abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objectives are to compare cell behaviors using imaging techniques and transcriptomic analyses to identify signaling pathways governing the pathfinding strategies of malignant cells during their dissemination. (inmg.fr)
  • The ocular anterior segment is critical for focusing incoming light onto the neural retina and for regulating intraocular pressure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first is to focus incoming light onto the neural retina and the second is to regulate intraocular pressure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we showed that homocysteine, a molecular reported to affect neural crest migration [ 19 ], was elevated after alcohol exposure and 5-mehtyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) ameliorated endogenous homocysteine levels induced by alcohol exposure and dramatically rescued the impaired neural crest migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cells contribute to formation of many structures such as the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, and pigmentation of the skin. (caltech.edu)
  • The gut microbiota contribute to social activity in mice3,4, but the gut-brain connections that regulate this complex behaviour and its underlying neural basis are unclear5,6. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. (thermofisher.com)
  • Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. (thermofisher.com)