Avian sarcoma leukosis virus is characterized by a wide range of tumors, the most common of which are lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
Avian leukosis (AL), caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), is a contagious tumor disease that results in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. (bvsalud.org)
While the presence of host cell proteins in virions and their role in viral life cycles have been demonstrated in various viruses, such characteristics have remained largely unknown in avian leukosis virus (ALV). (bvsalud.org)
To investigate whether this is the case in ALV, we purified high-integrity and high-purity virions from the avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and subjected them to proteome analysis using nano LC-MS/MS. This analysis identified 53 cellular proteins that are incorporated into mature ALV-J virions, and we verified the reliability of the packaged cellular proteins through subtilisin digestion and immunoblot analysis. (bvsalud.org)
The fowl glioma-inducing virus prototype (FGVp) and its variants, which belong to avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A), induce cardiomyocyte abnormalities and gliomas in chickens. (bvsalud.org)
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory currently relies on live birds of specific genetic backgrounds for producing chicken-embryo fibroblasts that are used for the diagnosis and subtyping of field isolates associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)
Sarcoma2
In 1961, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which is closely related to ASLV, was shown to contain RNA, and oncogenic viruses, such as RSV and ASLV, were termed RNA tumor viruses. (wikipedia.org)
These include the retroviruses avian leucosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV) and reticuloendothesiosis viruses (REV), and the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV). (cdc.gov)
Retroviruses1
As with all retroviruses, the virus is transcribed from RNA to DNA, instead of DNA to RNA as in normal cellular replication. (wikipedia.org)
Strains2
Some antigenic variation can occur within subgroups, and all strains are oncogenic, but oncogenicity and the ability to replicate varies between subgroups. (wikipedia.org)
Although single infections with ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-K were not found, coinfections with different subgroup strains were identified: 0.7% for ALV-A/J, 0.35% for ALV-B/J, 0.25% for ALV-J/K, and 0.12% for ALV-A/B/K and ALV-A/B/J. Therefore, our novel multiplex qPCR may be a useful tool for molecular epidemiology, clinical detection of ALV, and ALV eradication programs. (bvsalud.org)
Recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) variants establish a limited infection with altered cell tropism in specific-pathogen-free cats in the absence of FeLV subgroup A helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
Viral5
WNV) since the virus was detected in the United States in pool suspension was prepared in viral transport media. (cdc.gov)
ASLV is divided into six subgroups, labelled A through E and J, each having a different antigenicity due to variances in viral envelope glycoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
The subgroups evolved to utilize difference cellular receptors to gain entry into avian cells due to the host developing resistance to viral entry. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Viral glycoprotein-receptor interactions are required to initiate membrane fusion of the virus and cell. (wikipedia.org)
This warning is supported by a study reported in Viral Research, in which a nuclear polyhedrosis virus was sent through 24 serial passages of culture media resulting in both "genetic insertions into and deletions from the virus," (5) suggesting a propensity of viruses to accept, carry, and transfer genetic material from host to host. (medicalveritas.org)
Occur1
Human exposure to these viruses occur occupationally (workers in poultry slaughtering/processing plants and poultry farms, egg candlers, veterinarians, cooks, laboratory workers, etc. (cdc.gov)
Poultry3
It has been shown that poultry workers and subjects in the general population are also commonly infected with these viruses. (cdc.gov)
The results indicate that a total of 10 major cancer sites were observed to be occurring in excess in the cohort of poultry workers or in particular race/sex subgroup(s) of it. (cdc.gov)
Currently, ALV-A, B, J, and K subgroups are the most common in commercial poultry and cause possible coinfections. (bvsalud.org)
Laboratory1
Two critical pieces of evidence are needed to incriminate these viruses as causing cancer in humans: 1) laboratory demonstration of ALSV integrated within the human genome, and 2) epidemiologic evidence of excess cancer occurrence in human exposed to these viruses. (cdc.gov)
Envelope1
Hence, it is an enveloped virus with a condensed, central core, and has barely visible envelope spikes, or proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Birds2
The cloacal swab detecting the virus in experimentally infected birds (5). (cdc.gov)
These birds whether feather pulp or cloacal swab suspensions, negative were submitted, from August through October, as field for virus isolation, contained quantities of WNV below the cases in the course of the larger 2002 wildlife surveillance detection level of cell culture. (cdc.gov)
Infection2
Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can be decisive in preventing HIV infection in mucosal tissues and offer prompt and effective protection just at major sites of virus entry. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent hematology and histology results were within normal limits, however, in the absence of detectable viremia, virus expression, or significant seroconversion, rFeLV proviral DNA was detected in bone marrow tissue of 4/4 (100%) cats at 45 weeks postinoculation (pi), indicating these rFeLVs established a limited but persistent infection in the absence of FeLV-A. Altered cell tropism was also noted. (lookformedical.com)
Include1
The surface glycoproteins for subgroups A-E are almost identical and include the conservation of all cysteine amino acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
Cell3
Various laboratories have used organs such as kidney and spleen pool suspension was blended in a brain, kidney, and spleen to isolate the virus in cell culture, Stomacher 400 Circulator (Seward, Norfolk, UK) until it or to detect the virus by using a variety of techniques, or appeared homogeneous. (cdc.gov)
A detailed understanding of retroviral cell entry may lead to the discovery of ways in which to block the viruses from entering cells. (wikipedia.org)
The surface glycoproteins contain the major domains that interact with the host cell receptor while the transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins anchor the surface glycoproteins to the virus membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The TM glycoproteins are directly involved in the fusion of the virus and host membranes for entry. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis1
In vitro analysis of the recombinant FeLV-B-like viruses (rFeLVs) employed in this study confirmed these viruses were replication competent prior to their use in an in vivo study without FeLV-A helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
Shown1
These viruses have been shown to be capable of infecting human cells in vitro, and causing them to become cancerous. (cdc.gov)
Commercial1
Commercial broilers are still struggling with ALV-J virus in many countries. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
In this study, a novel multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to detect ALV-A, ALV-B, ALV-J, and ALV-K with limits of detection of 40, 11, 13.7, and 96 copies/µL, respectively, and no cross-reactivity with other ALV subtypes and avian pathogens. (bvsalud.org)