• True, these mice made possible the isolation and purification of "RNA tumor viruses," later renamed "retroviruses" and well characterized by electron microscopy. (greatgameindia.com)
  • Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, it appears that on some occasions in the course of mammalian evolution, env genes from endogenous retroviruses have been "co-opted" by their host to participate in the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer, at the maternal-fetal interface, by mediating the fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These sequences, termed erb, mac and myb , have their counterparts in the normal DNA of avian and mammalian species. (nature.com)
  • Genetic structure, transforming sequence, and gene product of avian sarcoma virus UR1. (wikidata.org)
  • Characterization of a 105,000 molecular weight gag-related phosphoprotein from cells transformed by the defective avian sarcoma virus PRCII. (wikidata.org)
  • Tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity associated with p105 of avian sarcoma virus PRCII. (wikidata.org)
  • Characterization of protein kinase activity associated with the transforming gene product of Fujinami sarcoma virus. (wikidata.org)
  • Transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus. (wikidata.org)
  • The RNAs of seven replication-defective leukaemia virus (DLV) strains contain three types of unique sequences, which correlate with the capacity of a given virus strain to transform erythroblasts, macrophage-like cells and myeloblasts, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Our results indicate that DLVs represent recombinants between a common 'vector' related to a chicken endogenous virus and one of three types of cellular gene possibly involved in haematopoietic differentiation. (nature.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deletion of the A56R gene results in varying effects on vaccinia virus virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This resulted in the identification of an env gene with placenta-specific expression and belonging to a family of endogenous retroelements present at a limited copy number in the rabbit genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T): V. DNA polymerase. (wikidata.org)
  • Patil A, Anhlan D, Ferrando V, Mecate-Zambrano A, Mellmann A, Wixler V, Boergeling Y, and Ludwig S (2021) Phosphorylation of influenza A virus NS1 at serine 205 mediates its viral polymerase-enhancing function. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Type I interferon antagonistic properties of influenza B virus polymerase proteins. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Avigan (favipiravir) (Reeqonus) is an antiviral agent that selectively and potently inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The vaccinia virus A56 protein was one of the earliest-described poxvirus proteins with an identifiable activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses adapt to new hosts by evolving to evade host-specific innate immune proteins that differ in sequence and often viral recognition between host species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I have attempted to list the enzymes/receptor proteins below in the sequential order in which they are impacted, subsequent to the docking of the COVID-19 virus onto ACE2 receptors. (mthfrsupport.com)
  • Ambirix vaccine contains inactivated (killed) hepatitis A virus and 'surface antigen' (proteins from the surface) parts of the hepatitis B virus as active substances. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are tumor-selective, multi-mechanistic antitumor agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor virus ribonucleic acid directed deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: nucleotide sequence at the 5' terminus of nascent deoxyribonucleic acid. (wikidata.org)
  • Masemann D, Meissner R, Schied T, Lichty BD, Rapp UR, Wixler V, and Ludwig S. (2021) Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic influenza viruses and B7-H3 immune- checkpoint inhibitors against IC-resistant lung cancers. (uni-muenster.de)
  • The term 'cytokine storm' entered the popular lexicon with previous influenza virus pandemics but has become even more mainstream because of the severe inflammation that can accompany SARS-CoV-2 infection 1 . (nature.com)
  • Ludwig S, Hrincius ER, and Boergeling Y (2021) The Two Sides of the Same Coin-Influenza Virus and Intracellular Signal Transduction. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Schreiber A, Boff L, Anhlan D, Krischuns T, Brunotte L, Schuberth C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Drexler H, and Ludwig S. (2020) Dissecting the mechanism of signaling-triggered nuclear export of newly synthesized influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes. (uni-muenster.de)
  • The murine leukemia virus (MLV) has been a powerful model of pathogenesis for the discovery of genes involved in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The retroviral vector backbone used in this study, pMSGV1, is definitely a derivative of the MSCV-based splice-gag vector (pMSGV), which uses a murine stem cell computer virus (MSCV) long terminal repeat and GLURC has been previously explained [31]. (biotechpatents.org)
  • Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
  • Recent infection with yellow fever virus was confirmed in all four organ recipients by identification of yellow fever virus RNA consistent with the 17D vaccine strain in brain tissue from one recipient and seroconversion after transplantation in three recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) may also magnify pre-existing airway remodeling leading to asthma exacerbation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Del Sarto J, Gerlt V, Friedrich ME, Anhlan D, Wixler V, Teixeira MM, Boergeling Y, Stephan Ludwig (2021) Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Schloer S, Goretzko J, Pleschka S, Ludwig S, and Rescher U. (2020) Combinatory Treatment with Oseltamivir and Itraconazole Targeting Both Virus and Host Factors in Influenza A Virus Infection. (uni-muenster.de)
  • The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
  • The invention also provides scrambled AAV capsids and virus particles comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • Our results suggest that increased viremia in crows relative to robins leads to the maintenance of defective genomes and less prevalent variants, presumably through complementation. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The secondary genes may give further insight into individual impairment based on your individual biochemistry to sense COVID-19 virus in your body and address your individualized response to COVID-19. (mthfrsupport.com)
  • CSL Seqirus Audenz (aH5N1c) adjuvanted cell-based vaccine protecting against avian influenza H5N1 bird flu pandemics. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • The patient tested negative for hantavirus RNA, but next-generation sequencing of a serum sample yielded a complete genome for Rio Negro virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has greatly expanded the ability to genetically probe virus-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Electron microscopic observations on RE virus (strain T) that induces reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys, chickens, and Japanese quail. (wikidata.org)
  • In embryonic avian tendon, cell density regulates collagen production. (embl.de)
  • Most of the experimental laboratory studies by virus-hunters have been based on the use of inbred mice, inbred implying a totally unnatural genetic background. (ratical.org)
  • Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high crow viremia allows for higher genetic diversity within individual avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), reasoning that this could have produced the previously observed host-specific differences in genetic diversity and fitness. (cdc.gov)
  • 2021) Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay does not restrict influenza A virus propagation. (uni-muenster.de)
  • The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)
  • Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1913, E. Steinhardt, C. Israeli, and R. A. Lambert grew vaccinia virus in fragments of guinea pig corneal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of a novel series of phenanthrolinones are shown to be potent competitive inhibitors of avian prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and of collagen hydroxylation, in embryonic chick tendon cells and human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro and in the oestradiol-stimulated rat uterus in vivo. (embl.de)
  • The present invention provides methods of achieving directed evolution of viruses by in vivo screening or "panning" to identify viruses comprising scrambled AAV capsids having characteristics of interest, e.g., tropism profile and/or neutralization profile (e.g., ability to evade neutralizing antibodies). (justia.com)
  • The invention relates to methods for directed evolution and in vivo panning of adeno-associated virus vectors as well as optimized AAV capsids and virus vectors comprising the same. (justia.com)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • A new group of oncogenic viruses: reticuloendotheliosis, chick syncytial, duck infectious anemia, and spleen necrosis viruses. (wikidata.org)
  • The first is the direct oncolysis of cancer cells by the virus, which is, in most cases a mixture of apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death, often with one as predominant for a particular OV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once infected, GI/lung cells are hijacked into making more viruses. (mthfrsupport.com)
  • CanSinoBio Ad5-EBOV is an adenovirus type 5 recombinant vector-based Ebola virus disease vaccine that protects against Ebola virus disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Immunoevasion is a common ploy by which viruses neutralize or evade immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • There are still many unanswered questions on the causes of the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic , and on the role of viruses in post-WWII polio (DDT neurotoxicity? (ratical.org)
  • Sitnik S, Masemann D, Leite Dantas R, Wixler V, and Ludwig S. (2020) PD-1 IC Inhibition Synergistically Improves Influenza A Virus-Mediated Oncolysis of Metastatic Pulmonary Melanoma. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Amubarvimab / Romlusevimab (BRII-196/BRII-198) is a SARS-CoV-2 virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody combination therapy. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ad26.ZIKV.001 is an Ad26-Vectored Anti-Zika Virus Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
  • Following docking of SARS-CoV-2 onto ACE2 receptors (mostly in lungs and GI), and virus-cell membrane fusion via TMPRSS2 and FURIN , a cascade of enzymatic steps and subsequent immune system mobilization occurs. (mthfrsupport.com)
  • HERV, human endogenous retrovirus. (cdc.gov)
  • The prophylactic vaccines are against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer, and against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which are responsible for about 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)