• In the present experiments, we quantified receptor autoradiographic binding data for GABAA and GABAB, AMPA, and NMDA receptors in the primary somatosensory cortices of adult squirrel monkeys at four postnerve injury survival durations: immediately (1-3 hours), 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months. (nih.gov)
  • AMPA and NMDA receptors mediate most excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • We have developed antibodies that recognize all AMPA or all NMDA receptor variants on the surface of living neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using these antibodies, in conjunction with GluR2-specific and synaptophysin antibodies, we have directly localized and quantified surface-expressed native AMPA and NMDA receptors on cultured living hippocampal neurons during development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using a quantitative cell ELISA, a dramatic increase was observed in the surface expression of AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, between 3 and 10 d in culture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunocytochemical analysis of hippocampal neurons between 3 and 20 d in vitro shows no change in the proportion of synapses expressing NMDA receptors (∼60%) but a dramatic increase (∼50%) in the proportion of them that also express AMPA receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • NMDA receptors comprise the essential NR1 subunit and one or more of the modulatory NR2 subunits, NR2A-D ( Hollmann and Heinemann 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Hippocampal mossy fiber synapses show an unusual form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that is independent of NMDA receptor activation and is expressed presynaptically. (nature.com)
  • Weisskopf, M.G. & Nicoll, R.A. Presynaptic changes during mossy fibre LTP revealed by NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. (nature.com)
  • Remifentanil hydrochloride contained in Ultiva (GlaxoSmithKline, Genval, Belgium) has been incriminated in difficult postoperative pain management, promotion of hyperalgesia, and direct N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, but the involved mechanisms have remained unclear. (silverchair.com)
  • In the current study, the authors investigated the effects of remifentanil hydrochloride, with and without its vehicle, glycine, on the activation of NMDA receptors and the modulation of NMDA-induced current on neurons inside the lamina II from the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord. (silverchair.com)
  • Considering that both components of Ultiva (remifentanil hydrochloride and glycine) could be involved in NMDA receptor activation, experiments were performed first with remifentanil hydrochloride, second with glycine, and third with the two components within Ultiva. (silverchair.com)
  • Application of remifentanil hydrochloride potentiated the NMDA-induced inward current, and this potentiation was abolished by the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. (silverchair.com)
  • These results show that remifentanil hydrochloride does not directly activate NMDA receptors. (silverchair.com)
  • Induced NMDA current is potentiated by application of remifentanil hydrochloride through a pathway involving the mu-opioid receptor. (silverchair.com)
  • Use of storage phosphor screen imaging will allow greatly increased speed of pharmacological screening procedures that utilize quantitative autoradiography. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To define possible target tissues of VIP we have used quantitative receptor autoradiography to localize and quantify the distribution of 125I-VIP receptor binding sites in the canine gastrointestinal tract. (duke.edu)
  • Neurotransmitter receptor sites have been examined in both human postmortem tissue and a lesioned polysynaptic pathway in rat brain using quantitative ligand binding autoradiography. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The results presented in this thesis highlight the applicability of quantitative receptor autoradiography in studies of receptor dynamics in both rat polysynaptic systems and human neurodegenerative disease. (gla.ac.uk)
  • These three different regions were transferred onto other adjacent slices that had been labelled by receptor autoradiography with the A1 Adenosine receptor (A1AR)-ligand 3H-CPFPX (3H-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluorpropyl)-1-propylxanthine) for quantitative assessment of A1AR in the three different tumour zones. (kobv.de)
  • The distribution of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor in the gut of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) were studied by immunohistochemistry and quantitative receptor autoradiography. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus are co-localized with neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors and have been shown to inhibit the release of substance P, their endogenous ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sigma-1 receptor (σR1), a ligand-operated chaperone, has been inferred to be neuroprotective in previous studies using σR1 ligands. (molvis.org)
  • Brains were cryosliced and radio-labelled with a ligand of the peripheral type benzodiazepine-receptor (pBR), 3H-Pk11195 [(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propylene)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide)] by receptor autoradiography. (kobv.de)
  • Double immunofluorescence studies with combined antisera to IGF-I and its receptor showed that the ligand and its receptor usually occurred within the same cell in the mucosa. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • A few cells with varied profiles immunoreated to either the ligand or the receptor but not to both. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Cells with varied profiles immunoreacted to antiserum of the receptors but not to the ligand in the muscle layer. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. (uzh.ch)
  • The team used a technique called in-vitro receptor autoradiography to map the density of receptors from six different neurotransmitter systems in over 100 brain regions. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • This group also found that while both receptor subtypes were seen in the membranes and cytoplasm of cell bodies, the β 2 receptor subtype, but not the β 1 , was localized to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The effects of sleep deprivation on dopaminergic systems remain elusive, in part due to the lack of selective ligands for dopamine receptor subtypes. (wustl.edu)
  • The mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors are the three main types of opioid receptors found in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. (nih.gov)
  • These findings are discussed in relation to the physiological functions associated with the opioid receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Robust age, but limited sex, differences in mu-opioid receptors in the rat brain: relevance for reward and drug-seeking behaviors in juveniles. (duke.edu)
  • In the brain, the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is involved in reward-seeking behaviors and plays a pivotal role in the mediation of opioid use disorders. (duke.edu)
  • Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are the principal excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hollmann, M. & Heinemann, S. Cloned glutamate receptors. (nature.com)
  • Ito, I. & Sugiyama, H. Roles of glutamate receptors in long-term potentiation at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. (nature.com)
  • Activation of central 5-HT1A receptors triggers the release or inhibition of norepinephrine depending on species, presumably from the locus coeruleus, which then reduces or increases neuronal tone to the iris sphincter muscle by modulation of postsynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors within the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, resulting in pupil dilation in rodents, and pupil constriction in primates including humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE and its adrenergic receptors in the LA, we used antibodies directed against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, or against two different isoforms of the beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs), one that predominately recognizes neurons (βAR 248) and the other astrocytes (βAR 404), to characterize the microenvironments of DβH and βAR. (frontiersin.org)
  • The receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenergic receptors). (revistaendocrino.org)
  • Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. (uzh.ch)
  • and (3) the relevance of alterations in neurotransmitter receptors to changes in local cerebral function, by combining the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose technique for the measurement of cerebral glucose use with in vitro receptor autoradiography. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Researchers unveiled key organizational principles in the brain, thanks to an intricate mapping of neurotransmitter receptors. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The team has mapped neurotransmitter receptors in macaque brains, a breakthrough that could help us understand how the brain differentiates between internal and external stimuli. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • An international team of researchers, studying macaque brains, have mapped out neurotransmitter receptors, revealing a potential role in distinguishing internal thoughts and emotions from those generated by external influences. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • In recent years, brain research has been focused on been studying its roads, but in this research, we've made the most detailed map yet of the traffic lights - the neurotransmitter receptors - that control information flow. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • With regard to the mucosa, the highest density of receptors was discernible in the duodenum. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The apparent absence or extreme low density of similar secretin receptors on islets and pancreatic vascular structures suggests that the pharmacological effects of secretin on those cells may either be indirect or mediated by another secretin family receptor that recognizes this hormone with lower affinity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Consequently, novel NK1 receptor antagonists are now in use for the treatment of nausea and emesis, and are also being investigated for the treatment of anxiety and depression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using receptor antagonists, as well as receptor knockout mice, we found that presynaptic kainate receptors facilitate the induction of mossy fiber long-term potentiation (LTP), although they are not required for this form of LTP. (nature.com)
  • The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sigma-2 receptor (σR2) subtype has been identified pharmacologically [ 7 ], but has yet to be cloned. (molvis.org)
  • Mapping the distribution of serotonin transporter in the human brainstem with high-resolution PET: Validation using postmortem autoradiography data. (ki.se)
  • We have used RT-PCR to screen pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells to identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) potentially involved in the determination or differentiation of cell lineages during early mouse development. (silverchair.com)
  • This pattern of dopamine receptor changes was not seen in mice subjected to restraint stress, suggesting specificity to sleep. (wustl.edu)
  • A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. (lookformedical.com)
  • Each mRNA demonstrates a distinct anatomical distribution that corresponds well to known receptor binding distributions. (nih.gov)
  • Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. (uzh.ch)
  • Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. (uzh.ch)
  • 5-HT1B receptor imaging and cognition: a positron emission tomography study in control subjects and Parkinson's disease patients. (ki.se)
  • Positron emission tomography imaging of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors in Parkinson's disease. (ki.se)
  • It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data indicate that [(32)P]NAADP likely binds to receptors mediating Ca(2+) mobilization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Proteins are essential for developing and maintaining neuronal structure and can function as transmitters, receptors, modulators and mediators in the brain. (edu.au)
  • Receptor, which is located lose weight: effects where chronic AAS was found to induce significant effects on the expression of the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins as observed in studies applying receptor autoradiography ( Kindlundh. (landmanreportcard.com)
  • Every monomer contains particular binding domains that provide them the capacity to interact and bind other proteins specifically, factor VIII, collagen, and some platelet receptors. (medscape.com)
  • These receptors and the peptides with which they interact are important in a number of physiological functions, including analgesia, respiration, and hormonal regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Ghrelin is one of the peptides involved into GH-release, binding to specific GHS receptors on hypothalamus and pituitary. (nel.edu)
  • animal experiments and preliminary results in humans have indicated alterations of hippocampal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (machr) in temporal lobe epilepsy . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. (uzh.ch)
  • A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. (lookformedical.com)
  • In particular, a robust decrease in N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic responses in the mPFC was correlated with several measures of attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed the main sites of the receptors to be the lamina propria, epithelia of the crypts and the villi of intestines. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • GABAB receptor binding is decreased in layer IV by 1 month after nerve injury, while binding for AMPA receptors is increased in layer IV by this time. (nih.gov)
  • AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, GluR1-4. (jneurosci.org)
  • One possible mechanism to explain this observation is that a pool of pre-assembled AMPA receptors can be moved from an intracellular compartment to the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using subunit-specific antibodies, however, it is not possible to distinguish between the absence of AMPA receptors and the lack of a particular subunit on the cell surface. (jneurosci.org)
  • Quisqualate receptors, as assessed by [3H]-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ([3H]-AMPA) binding were unaltered in A. D. frontal cortex compared to controls. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, in the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex from A. D. subjects, there was a significant reduction (40%) in the number of [3H]-AMPA binding sites indicating a loss of quisqualate receptors in this region. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in the canine gastrointestinal tract. (duke.edu)
  • Background The gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) are overexpressed on primary breast cancer (BC), making them ideal candidates for receptor- mediated nuclear imaging and therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Scatchard analysis of this response indicated an increase in kainate receptor numbers with no change in receptor affinity. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The association of the kainate response in frontal cortex with the level of local neuropathology and the loss of quisqualate receptors in the cerebellum in the absence of gross neuropathological change suggests that the mechanisms of glutamatergic dysfunction in A. D. are heterogeneous with respect to anatomical locus. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Receptor mRNA expression levels were associated with clinico-pathological factors and expression levels of primary tumors and corresponding metastases were compared. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Results Binding of GRPR and SSTR radioligands to tumor tissue correlated significantly with receptor mRNA expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Effect of partial volume correction on muscarinic cholinergic receptor imaging with single-photon emission tomography in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Distribution of substance P receptors in rabbit airways, functional and autoradiographic studies. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Beyond supporting spatial orientation within rat brains especially autoradiographic images may serve as a base to quantitatively evaluate the complex uptake patterns of microPET studies with receptor ligands or tumor tracers. (kobv.de)
  • In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have, therefore, used in situ autoradiography, photoaffinity labeling, and RNase protection assays with healthy rat pancreas, dispersed acinar cells, and pancreas depleted of acinar cells to explore the cellular distribution and molecular identity of high-affinity secretin receptors in this complex organ. (elsevierpure.com)
  • RNase protection assays confirmed the molecular identity of the secretin receptors expressed on these distinct cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The sympatholytic antihypertensive drug urapidil is an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and it has been demonstrated that the latter property contributes to its overall therapeutic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist. (lookformedical.com)
  • In the central nervous system, 5-HT1A receptors exist in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, septum, amygdala, and raphe nucleus in high densities, while low amounts also exist in the basal ganglia and thalamus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nucleus are largely somatodendritic autoreceptors, whereas those in other areas such as the hippocampus are postsynaptic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5-HT1A receptor activation has been shown to increase dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, and may be useful for improving the symptoms of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus play a vital role in the regulation of physiological and behavioural responses to stress, the regulation of receptor expression remains unclear. (karger.com)
  • Little, however, is known concerning the properties of putative NAADP receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mice lacking 5-HT1A receptors altogether (knockout) show increased anxiety but lower depressive-like behaviour. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure reveals a solvent-exposed side chain of His79, which is the phosphorylation site, as demonstrated by autoradiography combined with site-directed mutation. (rcsb.org)
  • It demonstrated phosphorylation by the intracellular kinase domain of the cytokinin receptor MtCRE1. (rcsb.org)
  • Integrin-mediated RON growth factor receptor phosphorylation requires tyrosine kinase activity of both the receptor and c-Src. (123dok.org)
  • Integrin-in-duced epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) RTK phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of the receptor (7, 13). (123dok.org)
  • Retinal σR binding sites were labeled with radioiodinated σR ligands and analyzed by autoradiography. (molvis.org)
  • NRU has been at the heart of Cimbi with a long history of research within receptor brain imaging, receptor binding, cellular characterization and quantification, tracer validation, kinetic modelling and data analysis. (nru.dk)
  • In addition, a hairpin-like PP-fold motif is vital for receptor binding. (hindawi.com)
  • Binding data indicated that this decrease is due to a decreased receptor number with little or no decrease in affinity for the respective ligands. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here, we used receptor autoradiography to compare MOR binding densities between juvenile and adult male and female rats. (duke.edu)
  • It allows non-invasive quantification of cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and receptor binding. (bmj.com)
  • Autoradiography revealed striking heterogeneity in the distribution of [(32)P]NAADP binding sites throughout the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent data suggest that integrin association with RTKs might also protect the latter against the activity of phosphatases (17, 19) and/or ensure the correct subcellular juxtaposition of cytoplasmic tails of dimer-ized growth factor receptors (17). (123dok.org)
  • It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Incubation with lipoic acid, sesamin and episesamin/sesamin for 48h had significant effect on all analysed genes involved in lipid uptake, β-oxidation, elongation and desaturation, some effects were detected on the expression of peroxisome prolifertor-activated receptor (PPARs). (nel.edu)
  • This study examines the expression of mu, delta, and kappa receptor mRNAs in the rat brain and spinal cord using in situ hybridization techniques. (nih.gov)
  • The activation of 5-HT1A receptors has been demonstrated to impair certain aspects of memory (affecting declarative and non-declarative memory functions) and learning (due to interference with memory-encoding mechanisms), by inhibiting the release of glutamate and acetylcholine in various areas of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor patterns define key organizational principles in the brain, scientists have discovered. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • By understanding the receptor organisation across the brain, it is hoped new studies can better link brain activity, behaviour, and the action of drugs. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • This allowed them to uncover the relationships between receptor patterns, brain connectivity, and anatomy. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Moreover, because receptors are the targets of medicines, the research could, in the future, guide the development of new treatments targeting specific brain functions. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Hence, a method is described for quantifying various receptor protein systems in the tumour as well as in the marginal invasive zones around experimentally implanted rat brain tumours and their representation in the tumour microenvironment as well as in 3D space. (kobv.de)
  • Widespread expression of liver receptor homolog 1 in mouse brain. (nel.edu)
  • The distribution of Liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) mRNA was studied in mice brain with the aim to establish whether this nuclear hormone receptor is expressed also in the brain in addition to liver and classical steroidogenic tissues. (nel.edu)
  • Grgurevic N, Tobet S, Majdic G. Widespread expression of liver receptor homolog 1 in mouse brain. (nel.edu)
  • The receptors for IGF-I and insulin in skin fibroblasts from this patient were affinity labeled with 125 I-IGF-I and 125 I-insulin, respectively, and visualized by electrophoresis and autoradiography in polyacrylamide gels. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Control fibroblasts exhibited the usual affinity labeling of the disulfide-linked Mr = 350,000 insulin and IGF-I receptor structures. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The highaffinity bIGF-II receptor in fibroblasts affinity labeled with 125 I-IGF-II or 125 I-IGF-I consists of a single polypeptide not disulfide linked to any other membrane component. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Rat Visual System Studies The rat visual system was employed as a model polysynaptic pathway in which to examine neurotransmitter receptor alterations under conditions of functional deficit. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We have studied systematically the distribution of receptors for substance P in the airway smooth muscle of the rabbit using both functional studies and light-microscopic autoradiography. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Patterns of age related changes for phosphodiesterase type-10A in comparison with dopamine D2/3 receptors and sub-cortical volumes in the human basal ganglia: A PET study with 18F-MNI-659 and 11C-raclopride with correction for partial volume effect. (ki.se)
  • Under prolonged cellular stresses, the σR1 translocates to the extended ER network, whereby it interacts with and regulates the function of a variety of ion channels, receptors, or kinases. (molvis.org)
  • D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. (lookformedical.com)
  • in-teraction is mediated by integrins, transmembrane nonco-valently linked heterodimeric receptors consisting of␣ and ␤ subunits (6). (123dok.org)
  • Some of the atypical antipsychotics like lurasidone and aripiprazole are also partial agonists at the 5-HT1A receptor and are sometimes used in low doses as augmentations to standard antidepressants like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Creating openly-accessible maps of receptor expression across the cortex that integrate neuroimaging data could speed up translation across species. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The similar subunit structures of these two types of receptors suggested that their genetic expression might be affected by common genetic defects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These observations suggest that a common genetic defect alters the expression of the homologous receptor structures for insulin and IGF-I. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Despite the cited progress in this area of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying growth factor receptor activation by integrins remain to be defined. (123dok.org)
  • 6. Maehle AH: 'Receptive substances': John Newport Langley (1852-1925) and his path to a receptor theory of drug action. (revistaendocrino.org)