Autologous tolerogenic antigen presenting cell antigen presenting cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Once stimulated, the dendritic cells migrate to the draining lymph node and present antigens to T cells via interaction of MHC class II-antigen complexes on the dendritic cell with T cell receptors on the T cell. (wikipedia.org)
Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
That is the day to celebrate global solidarity and hope for all people living with MS. With the entire international ReSToRe team , we are committed to find a solution for this devastating disease by bringing an antigen-specific tolerance-inducing dendritic cell (tolDC) therapy to treat MS patients to the clinic. (h2020restore.eu)
Recently, the lab of Dr. P. Agostinis documented that immunogenic cell death mediated by ER stress can be harnessed to develop novel and clinically relevant, next-generation dendritic cell-based immunotherapies for brain tumors. (euroacadti.eu)
Matthew Albert is Director of Research INSERM and Head of the Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, leading a team in the area of dendritic cell immunobiology and tumor immunity. (euroacadti.eu)

This can occur, for example, when an allogeneic transplantation patient develops an immune reaction to donor antigens, or when the body responds inappropriately to self antigens implicated in autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to boost the natural immunity against transformed cancer cells, and a series of adjuvants and co-stimulatory molecules have been proposed to enhance the immune response against weak self-antigens expressed on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In their immature state, DC reside in the peripheral tissues, such as the skin, airways and intestine, where they function as the "sentinels" of the immune system, i.e. they patrol the body to capture antigens, including self-antigens, invading pathogens and certain malignant cells. (h2020restore.eu)

In the presence of an inflammatory environment, which usually accompanies infection or tissue 'danger' signals, dendritic cells are activated (mature) and present foreign antigens to the T cells, initiating an appropriate immune response. (wikipedia.org)
This wide range of receptors allows for efficient receptor mediated phagocytosis of many foreign antigens. (jscimedcentral.com)

Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
Most DCs in tissues and blood are present in an immature state, but upon antigen acquisition and activation they mature. (jscimedcentral.com)

When loaded with immune complexes (IC), consisting of tumor antigens bound to antitumor antibody, BMDC induce powerful antitumor immunity in mice. (stanford.edu)
Alternatively, the adjuvant activity of CD1d-restricted invariant NKT cells (iNKT) on the innate and adaptive immunity is well demonstrated, and several CD1d glycolipid ligands are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. (biomedcentral.com)
Multimodal immunogenic cell death (ICD) together with autophagy often induced by OVs not only presents potent danger signals to dendritic cells but also efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens from cancer cells to dendritic cells to T cells to induce adaptive antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
The antitumor immunity helps eliminate the uninfected cancer cells in primary and metastatic nodules, and enforce micrometastases in dormant state. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene modified dendritic cells (DC) are able to modulate DC functions and induce therapeutic immunity or tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
PA group is currently developing new anticancer vaccines based on the concept of immunogenic cell death and exploring the crosstalk between angiogenesis and antitumor immunity in melanoma. (euroacadti.eu)
Thus, solid tumors seem to build up a hostile hypoxic microenvironment that hampers cell-mediated immunity and dampen the efficacy of the immune response. (nutriforce.cn)
T cell-mediated immunity is a critical component of graft-versus-tumour effect and in determining vaccine immunogenicity. (bvsalud.org)

Coupled with reports that allogeneic MSCs have immunoprivileged status and immunomodulatory properties, there has been considerable interest in exploring the use of these cells as a therapeutic option for bone repair. (hindawi.com)
Pain management, osteochondral, nerve, or blood vessel support by MSCs derived from both autologous and allogeneic sources have been examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at risk of various complications during post-transplantation follow-up. (bvsalud.org)
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients remain at high risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and emerging variants. (bvsalud.org)

MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
The detection of microbial molecules via Toll-like receptors (TLR) in B cells is not well characterized. (aai.org)
TME consists of cell component, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and abundant soluble signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
However, tumor cells can evade host's immune surveillance using a number of protective mechanisms, including downregulation of MHC-I molecules, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in other words, TGF-β and IL-10, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, VEGF, upregulation of PD-L1 and downregulation of co-stimulatory molecules thereby preventing activation of T cells, resulting in cancer invasion. (studylib.net)
In MS, the immune system has derailed, setting a cascade of processes in motion that ultimately results in damage to the body's own cells and molecules. (h2020restore.eu)

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a position paper and registry outline. (inims.de)

Comparative study of the immunoregulatory capacity of in vitro generated tolerogenic dendritic cells, suppressor macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. (genescells.ru)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, we studied the roles of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the hemocyanin activation of murine APCs, both in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, using hemocyanins from Megathura crenulata (KLH), Concholepas concholepas (CCH) and Fissurella latimarginata (FLH). (exeter.ac.uk)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

In animal models of Diabetes mellitus (NOD mice), GM-CSF induces resistance by increasing the frequency of regulatory T cells which can suppress T cell proliferation through their T-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The immune system utilizes sensors on immune cells named pattern recognition receptors to recognize invading pathogens and foreign substances. (exeter.ac.uk)
Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
While CD4 T cells are by far the most abundant HIV-infected cell, DCs express a variety of HIV co-receptors and lectin receptors that modulate HIV uptake, antigen processing, and trans-infection to T cells, thus contributing to a wide variety of immunological outcomes. (jscimedcentral.com)
In addition, the ability of HIV to exploit DC surface receptors or intracellular routing mechanisms to avoid antigen-processing machinery also contributes to viral persistence and promotes trans or cis-infection of CD4 T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
Immature DCs possess a wide variety of receptors, such as Fc receptors, lectins, and langerin, which allow them to efficiently bind and internalize antigen. (jscimedcentral.com)
Local administration or OV mediated-expression of ligands for Toll-like receptors can rescue the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus enhances the antitumor effect. (biomedcentral.com)

Tolerogenic therapies employ the inbuilt tolerance mechanisms of a class of immune cells called dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tolerogenic dendritic cells induce tolerance through several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Collectively, these mechanisms produce tolerance to specific antigens, which should help to prevent autoimmunity, but could therefore also be used as a therapy to induce tolerance to specific antigens implicated in autoimmune disease, or donor antigens in transplant patients. (wikipedia.org)
It was given supposition that at using BM cells the forming of steady transplant tolerance state is a result of successive entering of central (thymical induction of temporary mixed chimer-ism) and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. (genescells.ru)
Induced Regulatory T cells: Mechanisms of Conversion and Suppressive Potential. (genescells.ru)
Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
In contrary, tumor cells have evolved immune escape mechanisms whereby overexpression of PD-L1 induces anergy and/or apoptosis of PD-1 positive T cells by interfering with T cell receptor signal transduction. (studylib.net)
PA started her own research group in 1996 with a focus on mechanisms of cancer cell death induced by irradiation. (euroacadti.eu)
His laboratory is interested in the mechanisms involved in antigen presentation by DC, mainly related to cross presentation. (euroacadti.eu)

Tolerogenic therapy aims to induce immune tolerance where there is pathological or undesirable activation of the normal immune response. (wikipedia.org)
This can induce T cell clonal deletion, T cell anergy or the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). (wikipedia.org)
LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and generate tumor-specific immune tolerance that subsequently facilitates distant tumor colonization. (stanford.edu)
CpG ODN did not increase the capacity of CD40L-activated B cells to induce proliferation of naive T cells. (aai.org)

GM-CSF treated mice were found to have a semi-mature phenotype of dendritic cells which were inefficient at inducing antigen specific cytotoxic T cells compared to controls. (wikipedia.org)
In the primary tumor microenvironment, CPN/IQ lowered the Treg cell population but increased the cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cell population. (bvsalud.org)
In a CT26 distant tumor-rechallenge model, CPN/IQ treatment increased the cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cell population and provided 100% survival of mice until 64 days. (bvsalud.org)

Dendritic cells are divided into two main subsets: Mature dendritic cells are immunogenic. (wikipedia.org)
This review presents analysis of the modern state of transplant tolerance forming problem in recipient organism by using stem/ progenitory cells of bone marrow (BM) and differentiated immunoregulatory (tolerogenic) subsets of blood cells-regulatory B- and T-lymphocytes (Treg), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). (genescells.ru)
In humans, at least two subsets of DC are known in the blood, myeloid DC (also known as interstitial or dermal DC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Tolerogenic therapies are based on the principle that inducing the semi-mature phenotype in dendritic cells and then exposing them to the target antigen should allow antigen-specific induction of T-cell tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
The DCs are then pulsed with the specific antigen to which tolerance is desired and these, now tolerogenic, cells can be injected back into the patient. (wikipedia.org)
It is pointed out that protocols based on the using BM cells, permit to work out the tolerance state and now they are estimate at clinical kidney transplantation, during multicentre investigations. (genescells.ru)
Combined application of BM cells and Treg permits to increase the terms for maintaining of donor chimerism into all cell lines (incuding Tcells) and transplant tolerance in recipient organism. (genescells.ru)
First, tolerogenic vaccines aiming at robust, lasting autoantigen-specific immune tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
Peripheral tolerance evolved to counteract autoantigen-recognizing T or B cells that escape central tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens associated with a specific organ results in the activation of organ-specific T and B cells that in turn cause organ-specific inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 5 ), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ( 6 ), psoriasis ( 7 ), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, except for virus-induced cancers, tumor antigens are mostly self or near-self protein epitopes that are often poorly immunogenic and submitted to central and peripheral tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, the development of tolerogenic DCs will lead to antigen tolerance in particular through the expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
[email protected] ‡ Authors contributed equally Aim: Expression of PD-1 on T/B cells regulates peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity. (studylib.net)
This cell therapy, a type of personalised medicine, is currently being lined up for an initial Phase 1 study in patients with MS. The researchers have developed what are known as 'tolerance-inducing' or tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) - a special category of immune cells that function as the immune system's master switch. (h2020restore.eu)

In this study, we found that both naive and memory B cells lack TLR4 (receptor for LPS) but express TLR9 (receptor for CpG motifs) and produce IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 upon stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides (ODN), synthetic mimics of microbial DNA. (aai.org)
Together, these results demonstrate that IL-12p70 production in human B cells is under the dual control of microbial stimulation and T cell help. (aai.org)
They are also key players in spread of infection via trans-CD4 T cell infection (or in cis), and stimulation of adaptive immune responses in attempt to eliminate virus. (jscimedcentral.com)
While acknowledging progress in the other areas mentioned, this work will focus on the current debates concerning sourcing, MSC alterations of angiogenesis, cell differentiation/stimulation, and strategies to improve MSC differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
This versatile cell type orchestrates a broad spectrum of biological functions and exerts very complex and even opposing functions on cell death, immune stimulation or suppression, and angiogenesis, resulting in an overall pro- or antitumoral effect. (nutriforce.cn)

Cancer is not a chaotic malignant cell mass, but a delicate "hostile" organ, where many other cells are recruited and domesticated to become "accomplices", thereby protecting themselves from recognition and attack by the immune system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The importance of immune surveillance in eradicating malignant cells is well demonstrated, and several observations have motivated the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
They currently study angiogenesis and lymphatic vessels particularly in malignant tumors, focusing on the growth factor-receptor signaling and growth factor-mediated endothelial cell reprogramming. (euroacadti.eu)
His research has been focusing on the characterization of the natural immune responses towards malignant cells. (euroacadti.eu)
The crosstalk between stromal cells and malignant cells within this environment crucially determines the fate of tumor progression, its hostility, and heterogeneity. (nutriforce.cn)

Ex vivo tolerogenic dendritic cells can be induced through the addition of cytokines, pharmacological agents or genetic engineering techniques after their extraction from the patient. (wikipedia.org)
The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)

For instance, the delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA using nanomaterials enables the transient expression of vaccine antigens, leading to immunogenicity and prevention against infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)

T regulatory cells of mice treated with TNF-α produced IL-10, a cytokine which is able to inhibit the Th1 response therefore protecting against the Th1 dependent autoimmune EAE. (wikipedia.org)
IL-10 produced by T regulatory cells was important in suppressing the mouse thyroglobulin specific T cell response and therefore protecting against Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
A failure of DCs to mature, as witnessed during HIV uptake, however, leads to attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses and may significantly contribute to induction of T cell regulatory responses. (jscimedcentral.com)

The gut needs to produce a strong protective immune response to resist the invasion of pathogenic antigens, while similar reactions to harmless antigens such as dietary proteins or symbiotic microorganisms, may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Here, we review evidence that hypoxia regulates cell plasticity, resistance to cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)

Research using animal models in transplantation and autoimmune diseases has led to early-phase human trials of tolerogenic therapy for autoimmune conditions like Type 1 Diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenchymal stromal cells in renal transplantation: opportunities and challenges. (genescells.ru)
In the present study, we aimed to assess ED utilization in HSCT recipients and associated risk factors during post-transplantation follow-up, identify subgroups of HSCT recipients presenting to the ED, analyze outcomes and prognostic factors for hospitalization and 30-day mortality after ED visits, and assess mortality hazard following an ED presentation. (bvsalud.org)

HIV uptake by DCs is unique in that it does not preferentially drive DC maturation and stimulate T cell instruction, but rather favors viral spread [10]. (jscimedcentral.com)
Dr. Amigorena contributes to the understanding of endoplasmic reticulum recruitment and its participation in antigen uptake and cross presentation as well in the endosome migration and maturation. (euroacadti.eu)

Their physiological role is to bridge innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Dendritic cells (DC) are central purveyors of both innate and adaptive immune responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
TIME primarily consists of myeloid cells, lymphocytes and some other innate immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
and the innate immune cells contain natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

In multiple sclerosis research, EAE mice were completely protected from symptoms when injected with dendritic cells matured with TNF-α and antigen specific peptide compared to controls. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, a peptide/CpG-based cancer vaccine has been evaluated in several clinical trials and was shown in pre-clinical studies to favor the expansion of effector T versus Tregs cells, resulting in a potent antitumor activity, as compared to other TLR ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation and tumor targeting of iNKT cells via recombinant α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-loaded CD1d-anti-HER2 fusion protein (CD1d-antitumor) is combined or not with OVA peptide/CpG vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
The combined CD1d/iNKT antitumor therapy and CpG/peptide-based immunization leads to optimized expansion of NK and OVA-specific CD8 T cells (CTLs), likely resulting from the maturation of highly pro-inflammatory DCs as seen by a synergistic increase in serum IL-12. (biomedcentral.com)
Their theory concurred with studies by Doherty and Zinkernagel, where they demonstrated that the immune system plays an essential role in immune surveillance by recognizing small peptide epitopes in conjunction with the MHC-I presented on the surface of virus infected cells [5]. (studylib.net)

These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

Conditions including the absence of an inflammatory environment result in the incomplete maturation of dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
We have recently shown that the vaccine formulation, and in particular the presence of the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) agonist CpG, can significantly promote the maturation of pro-inflammatory DCs, which favors Type I T cell responses while restricting the expansion of Tregs [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells contribute to suppression of inflammatory myeloid cells in immune-mediated kidney disease. (inims.de)
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases of barrier organs, but so far, their role in kidney disease is unclear. (inims.de)
The microenvironment of a developing tumor is composed of proliferating cancer cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and a variety of associated tissue cells. (nutriforce.cn)

Future research will consider the effectiveness of tolerogenic therapies in a number of planned clinical trials into autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
From a research, medical, and business standpoint, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are fascinating. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. (hindawi.com)
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
MSC = multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (hindawi.com)
In addition to tumor cells, there are also important stromal components in tumor niche. (biomedcentral.com)

Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)

MSCs can be defined by their ability to adhere to tissue culture plastic, their expression of several cell surface molecular epitopes-cluster of differentiation CD73, CD90, and CD105, and others-as well as their lack of several surface markers, including CD45 [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

TLR4, but Neither Dectin-1 nor Dectin-2, Participates in the Mollusk Hemocyanin-Induced Proinflammatory Effects in Antigen-Presenting Cells from Mammals. (exeter.ac.uk)

Recent mechanistic insights into the trophic activities of these cells point to ultimate regulation by nitric oxide, nuclear factor-kB, and indoleamine, among other signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxic cells activate a number of adaptive responses coordinated by various cellular pathways. (nutriforce.cn)

Unlike IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, the Th1 cytokine IL-12p70 was detected only when both CpG ODN and CD40L were present, and its induction was independent of B cell receptor cross-linking. (aai.org)

T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
Dr. Allison is a leader in the field of immunology, particularly in developing ways to help the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells. (euroacadti.eu)
Here we report that MAIT cells that recognize their prototypical ligand, the vitamin B2 intermediate 5-OP-RU presented by MR1, reside in human and mouse kidneys. (inims.de)

Conclusion: For immunotherapy/vaccines to be successful, the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 on immune cells should be considered, and the combination of checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines may pave the way for successful outcomes to disease. (studylib.net)

Since 2000 PA is the group leader of the Cell Death Research & Therapy lab, at the Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine of the KU Leuven, and in 2008 she became Full Professor at the same Institution. (euroacadti.eu)

Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)
Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
The failure of DCs to properly process and present HIV antigens and stimulate specific adaptive responses can prevent viral clearance and aid in establishment of viral reservoirs, two of the main obstacles to a therapeutic cure. (jscimedcentral.com)
ReSToRe will test a new therapeutic approach based on patients' own cells. (h2020restore.eu)

Phase I studies into the safety and efficacy of tolerogenic DC therapy in humans have demonstrated the appropriateness of the therapy for further research. (wikipedia.org)
What does the future hold for cell-based tolerogenic therapy? (wikipedia.org)
Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
The resulting antitumor therapy is tested against established tumor grafts of B16 melanoma cells expressing human HER2 and ovalbumin. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, cancer cells found within hypoxic regions are presumed to represent the most aggressive and therapy-resistant fractions of the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)

TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that efficient gene transfer into pDC can be achieved with VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV) under the control of phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK) and elongation factor-1 (EF1α) promoters (28% to 90% of E-GFP + cells, respectively) in the absence of phenotypic and functional maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

The aim of the present study is to combine the activation and tumor targeting of activated iNKT, NK and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
They kill infected cancer and associated endothelial cells via direct oncolysis, and uninfected cells via tumor vasculature targeting and bystander effect. (biomedcentral.com)

In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
However, for cancer prevention, the elimination or inactivation of mutated cells is debated on whether this is a prime function of the immune system. (studylib.net)

Studies have suggested a role for tolerogenic dendritic cells in the treatment of diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)

The response of target cells is further regulated by their microenvironment, involving the extracellular matrix, which may be modified by MSC-produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro PUVA treatment preferentially induces apoptosis in alloactivated T cells. (genescells.ru)
The first is the direct oncolysis of cancer cells by the virus, which is, in most cases a mixture of apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death, often with one as predominant for a particular OV. (biomedcentral.com)
The binding of T cells expressing PD-1 and tumor cells expressing PD-L1 initiates an array of inhibitory signals resulting in reduced function and/or apoptosis of T cells [8,11] providing a mechanism for tumor cell evasion of host's immune surveillance [12-14]. (studylib.net)

Furthermore, upregulation of PD-L1 by cancer cells results in cancer invasion and correlates with poor prognostic outcomes in breast, gastric, meningioma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and soft-tissue sarcoma patients [9,26-29]. (studylib.net)

It has become clear that hypoxia shapes and induces specific macrophage phenotypes that serve tumor malignancy, as hypoxia promotes immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, and metastatic dissemination. (nutriforce.cn)

Antibody-mediated depletion experiments further demonstrate that in this context, CTLs rather than NK cells are essential for the enhanced tumor inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)

ECM is a macromolecular substance secreted by cells into the extracellular space and constitutes a complex network that supports tissue structure and the physiological activities of cells, including collagen, elastin fibrils, proteinases, proteoglycans (PGs), glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to TLR ligands, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been shown to efficiently promote the transactivation of DCs through the CD40L-CD40 interaction upon recognition of the CD1d-glycolipid antigen complex by their semi-invariant TCR. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and biomedical interest. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, a local RAS is expressed in many tissues and mainly acts at the cellular level, where it mediates cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism. (nutriforce.cn)

This review focuses on how HIV is recognized and processed by DCs, the responses (and lack thereof) generated by DCs after capture, the role of DCs in HIV transfer to CD4 T cells, and the role of DCs in immunomodulatory responses to HIV. (jscimedcentral.com)
Circulating and intratumoral NK and H-2Kb/OVA-specific CD8 responses are monitored, as well as the state of activation of dendritic cells (DC) with regard to activation markers and IL-12 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
DC are a highly specialized population of white blood cells that are capable of orchestrating the immune responses. (h2020restore.eu)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Dendritic cell6

Self antigens3

Foreign antigens2

Upon antigen2

Immunity8

Allogeneic4

Molecules7

Haematopoietic stem1

Macrophages8

Receptors8

Mechanisms13

Induce4

Cytotoxic3

Subsets3

Tolerance12

Stimulation5

Malignant5

Cytokines3

Immunogenicity1

Regulatory5

Pathogenic1

Cytotoxicity1

Transplantation3

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Innate5

Peptide5

Pathogens1

Inflammatory5

Therapies2

Stromal4

Vaccine1

Epitopes1

Proinflammatory1

Pathways2

Induction1

Recognize3

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20001

Therapeutic4

Therapy5

Myeloid1

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Immune system2

Multiple sclerosis1

Microenvironment1

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Outcomes1

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Responses3