• Allogeneic-donor-derived cells can be genetically modified to eliminate expression of HLA-A. (ashpublications.org)
  • HLA-A disruption from donor cells is a step toward generating allogeneic cells as an off-the-shelf therapeutic. (ashpublications.org)
  • Long-term engraftment of allogeneic cells necessitates eluding immune-mediated rejection, which is currently achieved by matching for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, immunosuppression, and/or delivery of donor-derived cells to sanctuary sites. (ashpublications.org)
  • Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
  • The cells are first collected ex vivo (outside the body) and may originate from the patient (autologous) or a donor (allogeneic). (missionbio.com)
  • When considering therapeutic application to human, autologous cells may be preferable to avoid host reactions to allogeneic or xenogeneic components in the vaccine. (kinasepathway.com)
  • Dissecting the mechanisms involved in anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (ATG)-induced tolerance in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation - potential implications for graft versus host disease. (libguides.com)
  • Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
  • In tumors, antigen-specific functional ICOS + CD4 + cells were increased, and both ICOS + CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were increased in the blood of patients. (acir.org)
  • CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)
  • While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the success of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors has been limited so far, and the mechanisms for the tumor's treatment resistance are not well understood. (snmjournals.org)
  • Notably, the BsAb-armed T cells did not cause obvious cytokine release syndrome or tissue toxicity in SCID mice bearing human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
  • And much work remains to be done to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the current status and major obstacles for the treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells, thus provide some potential measures to refine this novel therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy targeting the B cell specific differentiation antigen CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in a subset of relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are rapidly emerging a promising new treatment for haematological and non-haematological malignancies. (nature.com)
  • A notable example of gene-modified cell therapies is chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells - in which a patient's T-cells are genetically modified so that they can better attack cancer cells. (missionbio.com)
  • There remains an urgent need for the noninvasive tracking of transfused chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to determine their biodistribution, viability, expansion, and antitumor functionality. (snmjournals.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • Advances in our understanding on the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells have contributed to the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Activation-induced cell death of human melanoma specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by apoptosis-inducing factor. (uchc.edu)
  • Rescuing melanoma epitope-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes from activation-induced cell death, by SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK: implications in cancer immunotherapy. (uchc.edu)
  • Currently, the most widely-used TIL production method is to isolate infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues and then culture and expand these cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
  • We also found in GO patients a preferential tumor infiltration of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes (p=0.004 and p=0.027), as well as peritumoral CD20+ aggregates, with no CD21+ follicular dendritic cells detected (p=0.023). (bvsalud.org)
  • Another reason is that protocols for differentiating some lymphocytes associated with autoimmunity, such as CD4 + T cells or B cells, from iPS cells have not been well established. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] [9] CLL results in the buildup of B cell lymphocytes in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and blood . (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests finding high numbers of mature lymphocytes and smudge cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people are diagnosed as having CLL based on the result of a routine blood test that shows a high white blood cell count, specifically a large increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes . (wikipedia.org)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Approaching the response issue from the other direction, Dr. Melero discussed invigorating T cell function using an agonist of the costimulatory receptor CD137, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies, such as ICB or adoptive T cell transfer. (acir.org)
  • Knockdown of T-bet expression in Mart-127-35 -specific T-cell-receptor-engineered human CD4(+) CD25(-) and CD8(+) T cells attenuates effector function. (uchc.edu)
  • Death receptor-independent activation-induced cell death in human melanoma antigen-specific MHC class I-restricted TCR-engineered CD4 T cells. (uchc.edu)
  • Inhibition of superoxide generation upon T-cell receptor engagement rescues Mart-1(27-35)-reactive T cells from activation-induced cell death. (uchc.edu)
  • Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) as well as chondromodulin-1 (CHM1) are over-expressed in Ewing Sarcoma (ES) but not on T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study was designed to test a novel immunotherapy strategy using a vaccine enriched for short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) derived from autologous tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively, the BsAb-armed T cell technology represents a simple, time-saving, and highly safe method to generate highly pure cancer-specific effector T cells, thereby providing an affordable T cell immunotherapy to patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods of obtaining an expanded number of TIL from a mammal for adoptive cell immunotherapy are also provided. (patsnap.com)
  • Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Active specific immunotherapy is attempted by the immunization of a tumor-bearing patient with autochthonous altered (radiation, chemical) tumor cells. (womenshealthsection.com)
  • CAR-T cell therapy has achieved outstanding progresses in clinical observations, which makes it even more attractive in the development of cancer adoptive immunotherapy. (ijbs.com)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Cell and gene therapies (CGTs) provide a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and inherited conditions. (missionbio.com)
  • Moreover, iPS cell-based studies have proposed new diagnostic biomarkers and contributed to the discovery of new therapeutic targets [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The problem is that these human embryonic stem cell lines have been grown in such a way that they are contaminated by animal protein and cannot be used for human therapeutic purposes,' Beck explains. (pharmexec.com)
  • Mice vaccinated with λ-HPV-16 E7 are able to generate potent therapeutic antitumor effects against challenge with E7- expressing tumor cell line, TC-1 compared to group treated with the wild phage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therapeutic vaccines are aimed at promoting regression of HPV-associated lesions by the induction of cellular immune responses directed against viral proteins expressed in tumor cells[ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells for autism spectrum disorders. (libguides.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as an intravenously applied cellular therapeutic. (stemcellslab.net)
  • Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • The emerging therapeutic approach of CAR-T cell therapy has sparked great interests, extensive studies in preclinical and clinical trials have revealed encouraging therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of cancers, particularly in treating B-cell hematologic malignancies with CD19 CAR-T cells [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)
  • The researchers hypothesized that when PD-1 is blocked, other inhibitory receptors compensate and alter T cell signaling, therefore limiting response to PD-1 blockade. (acir.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • The T-cells are first extracted from the patient and genetically altered so they express synthetic molecules, called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), on their surface. (missionbio.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cells with antigen-specific recognition, activation, and proliferation independent of major histocompatibility complex ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The binding of specific T cell receptors (TCR) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/antigen complexes on cancer cells induces the TCR/CD3-mediated signal transduction pathway and stimulates the release of specific toxins (perforin and granzyme) for cancer elimination [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He also notes that embryonic stem cells are harder to work with than previously believed because 'they tend to form structures that are not completely within our control. (pharmexec.com)
  • These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)
  • Blood cell and serum markers, along with clinical data of DLBCL patients who were scheduled for CART cell therapy were evaluated to search for biomarkers predicting CART cell responsiveness. (frontiersin.org)
  • Clinical trials have shown that for melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-1, elevated serum IL-8 at baseline predicted lower survival. (acir.org)
  • In current clinical development, targeting CD19 + B cell malignancies, which include acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells is one of the most advanced adoptive T-cell therapies and has been approved by the FDA. (nature.com)
  • This IntechOpen is a initial viral Note of longitudinal families for different and clinical changes with close methods to failure cells. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Recently developed technologies produce clinical quality cells in as few as12 days. (pharmexec.com)
  • Stem cell-based therapeutics that enter clinical trials within the next five years will likely enter clinical practice in the next 10 years. (pharmexec.com)
  • Cancer-specific adoptive T cell therapy has achieved successful milestones in multiple clinical treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Managed care professionals should have an understanding of the clinical trial data and place in therapy in lymphoma, myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as guideline recommendations for adverse effect management associated with CAR T-cell therapies. (ajmc.com)
  • Later, Arnold Caplan's group described mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as multipotent mesenchymal cell populations which can differentiate into several tissue types, and demonstrated roles for MSCs in the regeneration of bone, cartilage or ligaments in animal and clinical studies [2-4]. (stemcellslab.net)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
  • Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)
  • Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell Reports Methods. (reprocell.com)
  • In this way, investigating human immune-related diseases using iPS cells offers distinct advantages over conventional research methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current methods used to predict or monitor the activity of infused T cells in patients provide limited data on treatment efficacy ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • However, most effector T cells generated using these established cultivation methods lack cancer specificity [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention relates generally to methods for stimulating cells, and more particularly, to a novel method to concentrate and/or stimulate cells that maximizes stimulation and/or proliferation of such cells. (patsnap.com)
  • Also provided are methods for producing phenotypically tailored cells, including T-cells for the use in diagnostics, drug discovery, and the treatment of a variety of indications, including cancer, viral infection, and immune related disorders. (patsnap.com)
  • The present invention relates generally to methods for activating and expanding cells, and more particularly, to a novel method to activate and/or stimulate cells that maximizes the expansion of such cells to achieve dramatically high densities. (patsnap.com)
  • Compositions of cells activated and expanded by the methods herein are further provided. (patsnap.com)
  • The present invention provides methods to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. (patsnap.com)
  • The present invention also provides methods to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells without the use of a feeder cell layer. (patsnap.com)
  • Disclosed herein are cell cultures comprising PDX1-positive endoderm cells and methods of producing the same. (patsnap.com)
  • Also disclosed herein are cell populations comprising substantially purified PDX1-positive endoderm cells as well as methods for enriching, isolating and purifying PDX1-positive endoderm cells from other cell types. (patsnap.com)
  • Methods of identifying differentiation factors capable of promoting the differentiation of endoderm cells, such as PDX1-positive foregut endoderm cells and PDX1-negative definitive endoderm cells, are also disclosed. (patsnap.com)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Other established methods, such as flow cytometry, can then provide extra data regarding immune cell phenotype, activation, and function. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The CAR-T cell manufacturing platform is based on the ex vivo genetic engineering of a patient's T cells to express CAR, followed by the reinfusion of the T cells into the patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silencing of endogenous IL-10 in human dendritic cells leads to the generation of an improved CTL response against human melanoma associated antigenic epitope, MART-1 27-35. (uchc.edu)
  • Antigen presentation by MART-1 adenovirus-transduced interleukin-10-polarized human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. (uchc.edu)
  • In GO patients, the most favorable biomarkers for prolonged DMFS were the abundance of peri- and intra-tumoral CD11c+ cells (p=0.0002 and p=0.001), peri-tumoral DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells (DCs) (p=0.001), and PNAd+ High Endothelial Venules (HEVs) (p=0.004). (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, our groups established a method for differentiating dendritic cells that produce interferon-alpha, which can be applied as an SLE pathological model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
  • In vitro , CD3 + CD8 + CD27 - CD28 - compared to CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CART cells displayed similar CD19 + target cell-specific cytotoxicity, but were hypoproliferative and produced less cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor cells were cultured in vitro with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which stabilizes SLiPs and DRiPs, shunting proteins into the autophagy pathway [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A panel of DAbR1-expressing T cells and CAR T cells exhibited greater than 8-fold increased uptake of 86 Y-AABD in vitro when compared with nontransduced cells. (snmjournals.org)
  • In April 2004, 204 members of the House of Representatives, including 36 Republicans, signed a letter urging President Bush to rethink the restrictions on embryonic stem cell research, suggesting that hundreds of thousands of embryos stored in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics could be used to advance embryonic stem cell research. (pharmexec.com)
  • Since little is known concerning phage-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells [ 26 ], we therefore performed experiments to examine phage-mediated gene transfer in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hybridomas were produced PD0332991 in vitro from spleen cells of a Tpit/E-vaccinated mouse. (kinasepathway.com)
  • In an alternate model, influenza vaccine peptide-bearing tetramers were able to detect influenza-specific T cells only after PBMC from influenza-vaccinated individuals were expanded in vitro by a 7-day culture with Ag ( 6 ). (aai.org)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
  • Autologous vaccine generated from tumor cells harvested from pleural effusions was administered to patients with advanced NSCLC with the objectives of assessing safety and immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autologous tumor-specific immune response was seen in two of the three, manifested by IL-5 (1 patient after 3 doses), and IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10 (after 4 doses in one patient). (biomedcentral.com)
  • DRibble vaccine given with GM-CSF appeared safe and capable of inducing an immune response against tumor cells in this small, pilot study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NSCLC without driver mutations is one of the most heavily mutated of human cancers [ 8 ], thus it is likely that NSCLC cells harbor neoantigens to which the host would not be tolerant, and against which the immune system could mount a strong, destructive immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metastatic tumor-draining lymph nodes (mTDLN) are the first encounter site between the metastatic CM cells and an organized immune structure. (bvsalud.org)
  • We analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence the expression of relevant biomarkers to tumor-cell biology and immune cells and structures in mTDLN, both in the tumor and peritumoral areas. (bvsalud.org)
  • Basic research utilizing immune-related disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is expected to be a promising platform for elucidating the pathogenesis of the diseases and for drug discovery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In summary, patient-derived iPS cells can provide a promising platform for pathological research and new drug discovery in the field of immune-related diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Investigating human immune-related diseases using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells presents a novel and promising field of study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We suggest an advantage of utilizing iPS cells for studying human immune-related diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As immune cells typically undergo differentiation from precursor or naïve cells to mature cells, it is possible to observe the cell differentiation process by using iPS cell-derived immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the application of iPS cells in the study of human immune-related diseases, with an emphasis on autoimmune diseases (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A schematic summary of the investigation of immune-related diseases using patient-derived iPS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New research published in Nature Medicine on January 23 highlights yet another challenge: The cell lines currently approved for study under federal funding contain a non-human molecule, the sialic acid Neu5Gc, which elicits an immune response in humans. (pharmexec.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • cell required for, but actually mediating, a specific immune response. (womenshealthsection.com)
  • This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)
  • While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to mutated proteins, NSCLC can over-express a number of non-mutated proteins that can induce both humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses [ 10 ], and also have the potential to serve as tumor rejection antigens [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
  • Despite their efficiency, adoptive T-cell therapies show unique toxicities, which are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and small-molecule-targeted therapies. (nature.com)
  • Once scientists and researchers realized stem cell potential, they aimed to create therapies and treatments to replace and rebuild. (proficientwriters.net)
  • Nevertheless, sequencing technologies have paradoxically reached a level of maturity not yet attained by cell and gene therapies (CGTs). (missionbio.com)
  • What are Cell and Gene Therapies? (missionbio.com)
  • Many gene therapies utilize viruses to deliver exogenous genes, as these vectors have a natural ability to enter cells that are otherwise hard to access. (missionbio.com)
  • Cell therapies entail introducing live cells into a patient to either treat or cure a disease. (missionbio.com)
  • These therapies are a combination of gene therapy and cell therapy. (missionbio.com)
  • Left: ex vivo cell therapies involve collecting cells from the patient or a donor. (missionbio.com)
  • Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It's important to remember that in addition to getting past the political stigma, developing stem cell-based therapies is really no different than any other biotech endeavor. (pharmexec.com)
  • Beck predicts that stem cell-based therapies will also come to market in a systematic fashion. (pharmexec.com)
  • While effective, broad use of CAR T-cell therapies is limited by potential for life-threatening toxicities, challenges related to manufacturing a patient-specific product, high costs and inadequate reimbursement, and incomplete or unsustained disease response. (ajmc.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)
  • Loss of Adar1 reduced inhibitory cell populations (e.g. (acir.org)
  • Selective T cell ablation in vivo with 177 Lu-AABD seems feasible for clustered T-cell populations. (snmjournals.org)
  • Although class I tetramers identified large populations of virus-specific CD8 + cells, a different picture has emerged from the use of class II tetramers. (aai.org)
  • In the 1970s, Friedenstein and colleagues [1] first reported that locally applied culture-expanded populations of bone marrow stroma-derived fibroblastic cells remained at their injection sites under the kidney capsule, where an ectopic hematopoiesis was initiated. (stemcellslab.net)
  • Then TIL is further expanded in a rapid expansion phase (REP) in response to stimulators, such as IL-2 and/or feeder cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)
  • Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are generally chemotherapy resistant and have a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although a strong response was observed for CAR-T cells in patients with treatment-refractory haematologic malignancies, only modest outcomes have been reported in solid tumours. (nature.com)
  • Successful treatment of B-cell malignancies with CD19-CAR T cells was a milestone for this approach ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Research in CAR T-cell therapy is expected to improve tolerability and expand indications to more types of malignancies and earlier phases of disease. (ajmc.com)
  • 2,3 Cellular therapy centers, manufacturers, payers, and policy makers will need to work together to address barriers to care as new CAR T-cell products with improved efficacy and tolerability are approved for use in more diverse malignancies. (ajmc.com)
  • Compared to healthy controls (n=24), DLBCL patients (n=33) showed significant lymphopenia, due to low CD3 + CD4 + T helper and CD3 - CD56 + NK cell counts, while cytotoxic CD3 + CD8 + T cell counts were similar. (frontiersin.org)
  • BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1) and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. (bvsalud.org)
  • learn more Indeed, in vivo, depending on the experimental animal model, PDC either induce effective T cell immunity [9-11] or inhibit T cell responses by driving differentiation of Treg in vivo [12-14]. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • A recent study in which PDC were eliminated selectively from mice showed that PDC can simultaneously suppress and stimulate T cell responses in vivo [15]. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • In addition, the feasibility of imaging of DAbR1-positive T cells in vivo after intravenous injection of 86 Y/ 177 Lu-AABD was studied and radiation doses determined. (snmjournals.org)
  • Imaging studies showed 86 Y-AABD was retained by DAbR1-positive T cells while it continuously cleared from normal tissues, allowing for in vivo tracking of intravenously administered CAR T cells. (snmjournals.org)
  • We have demonstrated for the first time that T cells can be modified with DAbR1, enabling their in vivo tracking via PET and SPECT. (snmjournals.org)
  • Activation induced cell death (AICD) of human melanoma antigen-specific TCR engineered CD8 T cells involves JNK, Bim and p53. (uchc.edu)
  • Compact disc70-T pulsed with multi-antigenic peptide produced multiple antigen-specific polyvalent Compact disc8 T cells which were with the capacity of inhibiting tumor development effectively. (biotech2012.org)
  • Our outcomes showed that suffered manifestation of costimulatory substances can boost APC function, as well as the outcomes from mouse tumor versions demonstrate the bigger efficiency of Compact disc8 T cells endowed with costimulatory Compact disc70 in inducing effective antigen-specific Compact disc8 T-cell reactions. (biotech2012.org)
  • On the other hand, the utilization of disease-specific iPS cells is less successful for research on autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Haining concluded that Adar1 is a checkpoint, and its removal could potentially induce sufficient inflammation to restrict tumor growth while bypassing the need for recognition of tumor by CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)
  • After TCR identification, we generated HLA-A*02:01/peptide restricted TCR transgenic T cells by retroviral transduction and tested T cell expansion rates as well as A*02:01/peptide recognition and ES killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
  • TCR transgenic T cells demonstrated HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 mediated ES recognition and killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
  • Scientific advances in biomaterials, stem cells, growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments have created unique opportunities to fabricate or improve existing tissues in the laboratory from combinations of engineered extracellular matrices ("scaffolds"), cells, and biologically active molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • He proposed the joining of the terms tissue (in reference to the fundamental relationship between cells and organs) and engineering (in reference to the field of modification of said tissues). (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The UGT content of cells and tissues is a major determinant of our response to those chemicals that are primarily eliminated by conjugation with glucuronic acid. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In human disease studies, ethical concerns often restrict the collection of patient cells and tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • In these studies, however, transplanted cells were followed, if at all, at the site of transplantation, and biodistribution was not an issue. (stemcellslab.net)
  • This concept started from the observation that bone marrow transplantation can provide stromal cells able to synthesize intact collagen type I, replacing deficient patient cell function and ameliorating disease symptoms [5]. (stemcellslab.net)
  • In additional reports, B cells revised expressing the costimulatory substances genetically, and B cells packed with -galactosylceramide possess synergistically amplified T-cell proliferation as effectively as DCs and induced an array of adaptive immunity against tumor cells [11,12]. (biotech2012.org)
  • The anti-CD3 moiety of the BsAb bound to the T cell surface and stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of T cells in PBMCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the various embodiments, cells are stimulated and concentrated with a surface yielding enhanced proliferation, cell signal transduction, and/or cell surface moiety aggregation. (patsnap.com)
  • On one hand, mature PDC can prime productive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses [1], and on the other hand they possess a capacity to induce generation of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from naive CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, respectively [2-7]. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • Recently, we showed that human PDC preferentially induce generation of a unique type of CD8+ Treg, but not CD4+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ Treg, when both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are present [8]. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • In addition, autologous cell vaccine may have less possibility to induce pathologic autoimmunity due to the tolerance mechanism. (kinasepathway.com)
  • CD4+CD25- T cells transduced to express MHC class I-restricted epitope-specific TCR synthesize Th1 cytokines and exhibit MHC class I-restricted cytolytic effector function in a human melanoma model. (uchc.edu)
  • Furthermore, Compact disc70-T prime accompanied by TriVax booster heterologous vaccination elicited healing antitumor impact against B16 melanoma where mediated by Compact disc8 T cells however, not Compact disc4 T cells or organic killer cells. (biotech2012.org)
  • Murine Un4 and B16F10 melanoma cell lines had been from the American Type Tradition Collection (Manassas, VA), and Dish retroviral product packaging cells had been bought from Cell Biolabs (NORTH PARK, CA). All cell lines had been cultured as suggested by the service provider. (biotech2012.org)
  • It is noteworthy that our study showed for the first time the anti-tumor effect of an endothelial cell vaccine against B16/F10 melanoma in both of the subcutaneous tumor and the lung metastasis models. (kinasepathway.com)
  • Pre- and post-treatment tumor analysis after anti-CTLA-4 treatment demonstrated changes in a number of T cell genes, the most surprising of which was the ICOS pathway. (acir.org)
  • The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Though we haven't cured cancer, we've learned a lot about basic biology, cells, and genes. (pharmexec.com)
  • Obtained results showed that delivery and expression of these genes in fibroblastic cells (COS-7 and CHO) are more efficient than epithelial cells (TC-1 and HEK-239) using these nanobioparticles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Mice and cell lines Feminine C57BL/6 (B6) mice, aged six to eight 8 weeks, had been bought from Orient Bio (Seongnam, Korea). (biotech2012.org)
  • We hypothesized lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1, CD107a) to be a marker for fratricide in TCR transgenic CD8 + T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Results were compared to CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • 24h after TCR transduction, CD107a expression correlated with low expansion rates due to apoptosis of ADRB3 specific T cells in contrast to CHM1 specific transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Amino-acid exchange scans clearly indicated the cross-reactive potential of HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 - and HLA-A*02:01/CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Comparison of peptide motive binding affinities revealed extended fratricide among ADRB3 295 specific TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to CHM1 319 . (oncotarget.com)
  • To analyze the nature of response to OspA and LFA-1α L , we used OspA-specific T cell hybrids from DR4 transgenic mice, as well as cloned human cells specific for OspA 165-184 , the immunodominant epitope, from five DRB1*0401 + patients, using OspA-MHC class II tetramers. (aai.org)
  • The PCR items had been cloned in to the retroviral vector pMP71with Notand EcoRsites, and sequenced to look for the feasible Taq polymerase mistakes. (biotech2012.org)
  • DAbR1 was subcloned together with green fluorescent protein into an SFG-retroviral vector and used to transduce CD3/CD28-activated primary human T cells and second-generation 1928z (CAR) T cells. (snmjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, transcribed Compact disc80 and 4-1BBL RNA on Compact disc4 T-cells augments their APC function, leading to significant restorative antitumor results [16]. (biotech2012.org)
  • It is the outcome of many factors, including the cross-talk between tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment and the acquisition and accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells. (molcells.org)
  • HCC heterogeneity is believed to be the outcome of combinatorial effects, including the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, the cross-talk of cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as the existence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation that has the ability to self-renew and differentiate. (molcells.org)
  • After they located this special locus, they began developing experiments and attempting to strengthen, fix, and even recreate this heart valve in amniotic fluid with different forms of genetic engineering and with a new form of stem-cell research. (majortests.com)
  • From Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, to the move, "GATTACA", genetic engineering is constantly displayed as an unethical cloning and manipulation of the gene pool of a fetus. (majortests.com)
  • Since autoinflammatory diseases are usually monogenic, genetic mutations affect the cell function and patient-derived iPS cells tend to exhibit disease-specific phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, patient-derived iPS cells retain the same genetic background as these patients, allowing for recurrent analysis of genetic effects on cellular functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • see somatic cell genetic mutation. (womenshealthsection.com)
  • MDSCs and M2 macrophages) and increased the population of CD8 + T cells and monocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). (acir.org)
  • In particular, iPS cell-derived monocytic cells and macrophages can be used for functional experiments, such as inflammatory cytokine production, and are often employed in research on patients with autoinflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The memory response originated with previously dysfunctional tumor-specific T cells and did not involve de novo priming. (acir.org)
  • Despite this heterogeneous response, blood pre-infusion biomarkers predicting responsiveness to CART cell therapy are currently understudied. (frontiersin.org)
  • The process for administering CAR T-cell therapy is complex, with multiple steps including CAR T-cell manufacturing, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, cellular therapy infusion, and management of short-term and long-term toxicities. (ajmc.com)
  • Pharmacists are intricately involved in the process of providing CAR T-cell therapy both at the organizational level of budgeting and coordinating therapy and in direct patient care roles providing counseling and support for adverse effect management. (ajmc.com)
  • 1 CAR T-cell therapy pivotal trials demonstrated unprecedented overall response rates (ORRs) and complete responses (CRs) that led to the FDA approval of 5 CAR T-cell products: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). (ajmc.com)
  • In addition, challenges related to manufacturing a patient-specific product, need for inpatient administration in a tertiary care setting, high costs and inadequate reimbursement have limited access to CAR T-cell therapy. (ajmc.com)
  • Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
  • Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
  • The overall aim of this thesis has been to assess the potential of autologous grafting in cell replacement therapy for PD. (lu.se)
  • however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)
  • Twenty hours later, 12 g cloned pMP71 plasmid and retrovirus packaging plasmids (6.3 g pCL-Eco) were simultaneously transfected into Plat-E cells using lipofectamine2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), following the manufacturers instructions. (biotech2012.org)
  • However, the commercial production of cancer-specific T cells is often hampered by laborious cell culture procedures, the concern of retrovirus-based gene transfection, or insufficient T cell purity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the gene transfer technology used in current CAR T cells primarily depends on retrovirus or lentivirus systems, which will randomly insert the CAR gene into the T cell genome and may pose a potential carcinogenic risk [ 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine systematically the effects of a clinically relevant concentration of rapamycin on cytokine production, T cell stimulatory capacity and CD8+ Treg-generating capacity of human PDC. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
  • Expression of neoantigens alone is insufficient without cross-presentation by antigen presenting cells in the appropriate cytokine milieu. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The invention provides an artificial antigen presenting cell (AAPC) comprising a eukaryotic cell expressing an antigen presenting complex comprising a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule of a single type, at least one exogenous accessory molecule and at least one exogenous T cell-specific epitope. (patsnap.com)