• Autoimmune Pancreatitis (AIP) is an increasingly recognized type of chronic pancreatitis that can be difficult to distinguish from pancreatic carcinoma but which responds to treatment with corticosteroids, particularly prednisone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whereas histopathologic examination remains the primary method for differentiation of AIP from acute and chronic pancreatitis, lymphoma, and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is commonly defined as a continuing, chronic, inflammatory process of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible morphologic changes. (medscape.com)
  • For most patients with chronic pancreatitis, abdominal pain is the presenting symptom. (medscape.com)
  • Other symptoms associated with chronic pancreatitis include diarrhea and weight loss. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic calcifications, often considered pathognomonic of chronic pancreatitis, are observed in approximately 30% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) test provides the most accurate visualization of the pancreatic ductal system and has been regarded as the criterion standard for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • This endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) shows advanced chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • The most predictive endosonographic feature of chronic pancreatitis is the presence of stones. (medscape.com)
  • Data suggest that surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct is more effective than endoscopic drainage in patients with obstruction of the pancreatic duct due to chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • The Johns Hopkins Pancreatitis Center is dedicated to providing the best care to patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis and related problems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • If you have acute pancreatitis that keeps coming back and that affects your quality of life, or painful chronic pancreatitis that doesn't improve after other treatments, you may benefit from pancreas removal (pancreatectomy). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Pancreatic duct stones are common in people with chronic pancreatitis and can be painful as they block the duct along with pancreatic enzymes needed for digestion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The concept of AIP emerged from the pancreatographic study of chronic pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Our goal was to elucidate the CT and MR imaging characteristics in patents with autoimmune pancreatitis, which is a reversible chronic pancreatitis with an autoimmune cause. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The reason for these differences between chronic pancreatitis and AIP was determined by histological examination as follows: Destruction of the basement membranes of the pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis was observed. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Therefore, as pancreatic ducts assume the responsibility of bicarbonate secretion, bicarbonate secretion in chronic pancreatitis by secretin test may be reduced. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In more than half of patients, chronic pancreatitis is caused by long-term abuse of alcohol, which leads to damage and scarring of the pancreas. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Other people may develop chronic pancreatitis as a result of hereditary causes, gallstones (which block the pancreatic duct outlet), autoimmune disease such as lupus, or high triglyceride levels. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • The cause of chronic pancreatitis cannot be identified in about 25 -30% of patients. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Evidence suggests that some cases of unidentified chronic pancreatitis may be associated with atypical mutations of cystic fibrosis genes . (columbiasurgery.org)
  • In approximately 5-6% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, the disease is caused by autoimmune inflammation (in which the immune system attacks the pancreas)¹. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Launch Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is normally a distinct scientific entity, referred to as a chronic inflammatory procedure for the pancreas with autoimmune systems. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), PaCa or AIP was confirmed by histopathology. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Preoperative blood was collected from patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PaCa, 270 samples), alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CP, 290 samples), autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP, 32 samples), a control group of healthy volunteers Iressa (Co, 127 samples), and other gastrointestinal cancers (GICa, 165 samples). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Objectives: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas constituting, in part, a recently defined nosological entity of IgG4-related systemic sclerosing diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is present when this problem does not heal or recurs and does not improve, gets worse over time, and leads to permanent damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis can lead to chronic pancreatitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is more common in men than in women. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The right diet is important for people with chronic pancreatitis to keep a healthy weight and get the correct nutrients. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most evidence about H. pylori and its potential role in the development of pancreatic diseases concerns pancreatic adenocarcinoma and autoimmune forms of chronic pancreatitis. (irosacea.org)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct form of chronic pancreatitis caused by an autoimmune pathogenetic mechanism. (univr.it)
  • QUOTE="LisaAlonso23, post: 514464, member: 220094"] If the DM is caused by an underlying condition, you would use E08.x Autoimmune pancreatitis is a chronic inflammation of the pancreas caused by th. (aapc.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition that involves progressive and irreversible scarring, structural changes, and damage to the pancreatic tissue as well as permanent impairment of pancreatic function. (medifocus.com)
  • Early chronic pancreatitis may begin with recurrent bouts of chronic abdominal pain with normal or mildly elevated pancreatic enzymes. (medifocus.com)
  • The primary and most common symptom associated with chronic pancreatitis is severe pain (experienced by at least 75% of patients), either episodic or intractable (unceasing), which significantly impacts quality of life. (medifocus.com)
  • Progressive chronic pancreatitis may also be associated with the development of complications (outlined below), such as, progressive fibrosis which may entrap nerves and contribute to pain levels and calcification of pancreatic tissue. (medifocus.com)
  • Most cases of chronic pancreatitis are diagnosed in people between the ages of 40-60. (medifocus.com)
  • According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the worldwide incidence of chronic pancreatitis is estimated to be approximately 1.6 to 23 cases per 100,000 people and is thought to be rising, in part, due to increasing alcohol consumption. (medifocus.com)
  • The incidence of chronic pancreatitis in all Western countries is approximately 6 per 100,000 people. (medifocus.com)
  • It affects men four times as often as women, although the rate of chronic pancreatitis in women is rising. (medifocus.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis-related pain is responsible for up to 90,000 admissions to hospitals in the U.S. per year, and the pain has a strong impact on quality of life. (medifocus.com)
  • Some people however, may experience chronic abdominal pain following recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis with its progression to chronic pancreatitis. (medifocus.com)
  • As noted above, since the pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion through both the endocrine and exocrine systems, the hallmark feature of chronic pancreatitis is permanent damage to both of these functions. (medifocus.com)
  • As a result, malnutrition and diabetes are significant complications associated with chronic pancreatitis. (medifocus.com)
  • Many doctors, therefore, recommend that patients suffering with chronic pancreatitis be screened at regular intervals for both malnutrition as well as diabetes. (medifocus.com)
  • Pseudocyst formatin - a collection of fluid within a well-defined capsule that may develop with acute or chronic pancreatitis that can cause complications such as infection, rupture, obstruction of ducts, or bleeding. (medifocus.com)
  • Long-standing, pre-existing chronic pancreatitis in general, and hereditary pancreatitis in particular, are considered high risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer. (medifocus.com)
  • There is a 15-fold increase in the risk of pancreatic cancer for people with chronic pancreatitis, especially for those with alcoholic pancreatitis and a 40 to 50-fold increase for patients with hereditary pancreatitis. (medifocus.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is a more serious issue because it keeps coming back and does not heal for months or even years. (womenworking.com)
  • Here are the signs and symptoms of chronic pancreatitis. (womenworking.com)
  • What are the dangers of chronic pancreatitis? (womenworking.com)
  • According to an article on Healthline medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, MD, chronic pancreatitis can lead to permanent scarring and damage. (womenworking.com)
  • According to Harvard Health generally, people who continue to drink after one or more bouts of alcohol-related acute pancreatitis are more likely to develop chronic pancreatitis. (womenworking.com)
  • Heredity - Hereditary chronic pancreatitis is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes a person to develop the disease, usually before age 20. (womenworking.com)
  • According to Harvard Health, "Because chronic pancreatitis cannot be cured, treatment is directed toward relieving pain, improving food absorption, and treating diabetes…In rare cases, surgery to open blocked ducts or remove part of the pancreas may be done to relieve pain. (womenworking.com)
  • I am a nationally recognised expert in advanced endoscopic therapy, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic and upper gastro-intestinal cancer. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • In the last 5 years I have completed supervision of 2 research fellows who were both awarded a higher degree (MD) from the University of Sheffield in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Jalal M, Campbell JA & Hopper AD (2019) Practical guide to the management of chronic pancreatitis . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Nair RJ, Lawler L. Chronic pancreatitis. (nhi.no)
  • Chronic pancreatitis: recent advances and ongoing challenges. (nhi.no)
  • DiMagno MJ, Wamsteker E-J, Lee A. Chronic pancreatitis. (nhi.no)
  • Nationwide epidemiological survey of chronic pancreatitis in Japan. (nhi.no)
  • Clinical manifestations of patients with chronic pancreatitis. (nhi.no)
  • Chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, classification, and new genetic developments. (nhi.no)
  • Stevens T, Conwell DL, Zuccaro G. Pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis: an evidence-based review of past theories and recent developments. (nhi.no)
  • American Pancreatic Association Practice Guidelines in Chronic Pancreatitis: evidence-based report on diagnostic guidelines. (nhi.no)
  • Pancreatitis may be classified as acute pancreatitis , chronic pancreatitis , autoimmune pancreatitis , and hereditary pancreatitis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Patients with chronic pancreatitis present with dull abdominal pain, steatorrhea , pancreatic diabetes , nausea , weight loss , pseudocyst and pancreatic cancer . (wikidoc.org)
  • Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive, fibro-inflammatory disease characterized by enzymatic autoactivation and subsequent fibrotic replacement of acinar cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive, fibro-inflammatory disease characterized by progressive inflammation resulting in loss of pancreatic endocrine and/or exocrine function [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by progressive pancreatic damage that eventually leads to impairment of both exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in Western societies is alcohol abuse. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis has improved primarily because of advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for development of pancreatic fibrosis after repeated acute attacks of pancreatic necroinflammation. (medscape.com)
  • See the images below of chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Plain abdominal radiograph shows coarse calcification in the distribution of the pancreas due to chronic calcific pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Research has focused on the genetic factors that may predispose to chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in these genes are now increasingly being recognized for their potential "disease modifier" role in distinct forms of chronic pancreatitis, including alcoholic, tropical, and idiopathic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis is usually symptomatic and directed toward the relief of pain, malabsorption, and diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis are assumed to be different disease processes, and most cases of acute pancreatitis do not result in chronic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic calcifying pancreatitis is invariably related to alcoholism. (medscape.com)
  • In approximately 50% of patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis, the pancreatic parenchyma contains cysts of varying sizes (several millimeters to 5 cm). (medscape.com)
  • Ascites may complicate chronic calcific pancreatitis as a result of portal hypertension or lymphatic obstruction in 1-2% patients. (medscape.com)
  • In chronic obstructive pancreatitis, the prominent histologic changes are periductal fibrosis and subsequent ductal dilatation. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis is persistent inflammation of the pancreas that results in permanent structural damage with fibrosis and ductal strictures, followed by a decline in exocrine and endocrine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Guidelines on the histopathology of chronic pancreatitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic pancreatitis is a complex multifactorial fibro-inflammatory disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consensus guidelines are needed for the histopathological evaluation of non-autoimmune chronic pancreatitis (CP). (bvsalud.org)
  • With a recombinant antibody microarray platform, targeting mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened sera from 148 patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), and healthy controls (N). Serum biomarker signatures were derived from training cohorts and the predictive power was evaluated using independent test cohorts. (lu.se)
  • The results identified serum portraits distinguishing pancreatic cancer from N [receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95], chronic pancreatitis (0.86), and AIP (0.99). (lu.se)
  • Importantly, a 25-serum biomarker signature discriminating pancreatic cancer from the combined group of N, chronic pancreatitis, and AIP was determined. (lu.se)
  • International Consensus Guidelines for Risk Factors in Chronic Pancreatitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • To compare focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) using contrast-enhanced MR imaging (CE-MRI), and to assess diagnostic performance of the lesion contrast at arterial phase (AP) (Contrast AP ) for differentiating between the two diseases. (springer.com)
  • Although some patients have nonspecific antibodies such as antinuclear antibody (ANA), there is scarcely association of IgG4-RD and well-known autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and SLE. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • AIP can occur by itself or in association with other autoimmune diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cirrhosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • A more common problem in developing countries than in the U.S., intestinal parasites can lead to acute pancreatitis and other pancreatic diseases. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Written and edited by leading international scientists, the series is primarily intended for researchers, clinicians, and students in autoimmune diseases at the graduate level and above, including those working in academic, corporate, or non-profit settings. (elsevier.com)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disorder often associated with multiple autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). (urosario.edu.co)
  • New theories about the role of B-cells activity in SS and other autoimmune diseases has encourage the use of RTX, proving tolerance and efficacy especially in extra-glandular manifestations. (urosario.edu.co)
  • Recent studies have suggested that IgG4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • 6 Since then, they have been and are still being used extensively as anti-inflammatory agents for different autoimmune and rheumatological diseases. (dovepress.com)
  • Corticosteroid use as an initial therapy, along with other immunosuppressives, is recommended in many guidelines for treatment of different autoimmune diseases with moderate or high activity owing to their ability to rapidly control the inflammation and its symptoms. (dovepress.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to identify circulating levels of inflammatory markers specifically associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and overt CFRD in a sample of young adults with CF. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four CF outpatients, without evident active pulmonary exacerbation, infectious and autoimmune diseases, were enrolled in the study and the levels of 45 inflammatory serum mediators were measured through x magnetic bead panel multiplex technology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Autoimmune diseases (e.g. (who.int)
  • To investigate the clinical features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) with diabetes as the first manifestation, improv. (nel.edu)
  • Acute pancreatitis is considered idiopathic (cause is unknown) in 10 to 15% of patients. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • The sort 2 AIP idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (IDCP) is normally characterised by substantial infiltration of granulocytes in the pancreatic parenchyma and ductal epithelial lesions (GEL). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Diffuse or segmental irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), as observed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is a characteristic feature of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). (gutnliver.org)
  • On CT and MR imaging, a capsulelike rim, which is thought to correspond to an inflammatory process involving peripancreatic tissues, appears to be a characteristic finding of autoimmune pancreatitis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is defined by characteristic lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, ductal strictures and a pancreatic enhancement or mass that may mimic pancreatic cancers (PaCa). (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The role of H. pylori in the inflammation characteristic of autoimmune pancreatitis seems to be explained by a mechanism of molecular mimicry among several proteins (mostly enzymes) of H. pylori and pancreatic tissue. (irosacea.org)
  • It seems evident that it is an autoimmune disorder, given its association with other autoimmune conditions, such as sicca complex and Hashimoto thyroiditis , and the presence of circulating AMAs. (medscape.com)
  • Positive immunologic markers like antinuclear antibodies (ANA) or elevated serum levels of IgG4, systemic autoimmune disease association and positive response to oral steroid therapy strongly supports the idea of autoimmune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AIP. (urosario.edu.co)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is now considered a pancreatic manifestation of a newly proposed disease condition, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). IgG4-RD is characterized by enhanced IgG4 antibody responses and multiple organ involvements. (go.jp)
  • AIP occurring in association with an autoimmune disorder has been referred to as "secondary" or "syndromic" AIP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder that may accompany inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Although the exact mechanism explaining the clinical manifestations of autoimmune pancreatitis remain for an important part obscure, most professionals would agree that the development of IgG4 antibodies, recognizing an epitiope on the membrane of pancreatic ancinar cells is an important factor in the pathophysiology of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Manfredi R, Frulloni L, Mantovani W, Bonatti M, Graziani R, Mucelli RP (2011) Autoimmune pancreatitis: pancreatic and extrapancreatic MR imaging-MR cholangiopancreatography findings at diagnosis, after steroid therapy, and at recurrence. (springer.com)
  • Whether you need a diagnosis, treatment, or a second opinion, we have a dedicated Pancreatitis Program ready to help. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • In 2011 the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (ICDC) defined the guidelines, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR-cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) became the reference diagnostic technique in the diagnosis of the disease. (univr.it)
  • Other indicators of autoimmune pancreatitis include narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, scarring of the pancreatic tissue, and infiltration with inflammatory cells. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Pancreatitis must be differentiated from various disease which present with abdominal pain and weight loss such as peptic ulcer disease , pancreatic carcinoma , gastritis , and inflammatory bowel disease . (wikidoc.org)
  • Two cases of autoimmune pancreatitis with diabetes and literature review. (nel.edu)
  • Jia Z, Zhang Y, Chen M. Two cases of autoimmune pancreatitis with diabetes and literature review. (nel.edu)
  • Symptoms may be mild, but patients with autoimmune pancreatitits (AIP) tend to show elevated levels of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and a high rate of pancreatic stone formation. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • for the first time, reported that sclerosing pancreatitis is related to high levels of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • this constellation of thyroiditis, lymphadenopathy, and autoimmune pancreatitis raised the possibility of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease. (medscape.com)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis may cause a variety of symptoms and signs, which include pancreatic and biliary (bile duct) manifestations, as well as systemic effects of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type 1 AIP presents with manifestations of autoimmune disease (IgG4 related) in at least half of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although autoimmune pancreatitis is quite rare, it constitutes an important clinical problem for both patients and their clinicians: the disease commonly presents itself as a tumorous mass which is diagnostically indistinguishable from pancreatic cancer, a disease that is much more common in addition to being very dangerous. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kamisawa T, Egawa N, Nakajima H, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A, Kamata N (2003) Clinical difficulties in the differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. (springer.com)
  • Clinical presentation in most cases is non-specific, with patients presenting with mild abdominal pain, rarely, acute pancreatitis symptoms, weight loss, and jaundice. (univr.it)
  • These experimental studies have clearly indicated that the difference between reversible and irreversible pancreatitis depended on the degree of damage of the duct epithelium where pancreatic progenitor cells exist. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis often show positivity for antibodies against H. pylori proteins. (irosacea.org)
  • Kamisawa T, Imai M, Yui Chen P et al (2008) Strategy for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer. (springer.com)
  • Kim JH, Kim MH, Byun JH et al (2012) Diagnostic strategy for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer: is an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography essential. (springer.com)
  • Lee S, Kim JH, Kim SY et al (2018) Comparison of diagnostic performance between CT and MRI in differentiating non-diffuse-type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (springer.com)
  • The sort 1 AIP, a lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP), displays some usual features: periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, fibrosis, obliterative venulitis, and infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Four cases of peculiar pancreatitis showing diffuse irregular narrowing of the entire main pancreatic duct (MPD) on endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) were reported by Toki et al. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis is a distinct form of pancreatitis characterized clinically by frequent presentation with obstructive jaundice with or without a pancreatic mass, histologically by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis and therapeutically by a dramatic response to steroids. (medicalcriteria.com)
  • Keiles S, Kammesheidt A. Identification of CFTR, PRSS1, and SPINK1 mutations in 381 patients with pancreatitis. (nhi.no)
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a newly recognized entity of pancreatitis that can mimic malignancy (6). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that autoimmune pancreatitis (OR = 6.230, 95%CI 1.559-24.907, p = 0.010) was positively associated with malignancy, whereas eosinophilia (OR = 0.094, 95%CI 0.010-0.883, p = 0.039) was negatively related with malignancies. (nature.com)
  • And histologically Clinically, two subsets of autoimmune pancreatitis (type 1 and type 2 AIP) can be found and should end up being distinguished [1]C[4]. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Treatment is typically directed at the underlying cause of the pancreatitis and to relieve pain and malabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • 2017년의 자가면역췌장염의 치료에 대한 국제합의(International consensus for the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis)에 따르면 무증상 환자의 경우 췌장종괴가 지속되거나 간수치이상이 지속될 때 치료하는 것으로 되어 있습니다. (gastrokorea.org)
  • Chari ST, Takahashi N, Levy MJ et al (2009) A diagnostic strategy to distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer. (springer.com)