AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Epidermal Growth FactorReceptor, Epidermal Growth FactorLigandsAutocrine CommunicationReceptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing LigandSignal TransductionTransforming Growth Factor alphaQuinazolinesCells, CulturedCell LineTransforming Growth FactorsPhosphorylationCell Line, TumorReceptors, Cell SurfaceGrowth SubstancesRNA, MessengerVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ACell DivisionTumor Cells, CulturedMolecular Sequence DataFibroblast Growth Factor 2Transforming Growth Factor betaProtein BindingPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorReceptor, erbB-2ImmunohistochemistryAntibodies, MonoclonalAmino Acid SequenceApoptosisIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsInsulin-Like Growth Factor ITransfectionFibroblast Growth FactorsHepatocyte Growth FactorTyrphostinsReceptors, Tumor Necrosis FactorKineticsNerve Growth FactorsEndothelial Growth FactorsProtein-Tyrosine KinasesAntineoplastic AgentsBinding SitesProtein Kinase InhibitorsEnzyme ActivationCell ProliferationRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsBreast NeoplasmsBlotting, WesternProtein Structure, TertiaryLung NeoplasmsMembrane GlycoproteinsReceptors, Growth FactorMutationAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedTyrosineReceptors, Platelet-Derived Growth FactorTNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing LigandGenes, erbB-1Proto-Oncogene ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsNerve Growth FactorReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorMice, NudeMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesAntigens, CD95FibroblastsChemokine CXCL12Receptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesCell MovementReceptor, erbB-3Dose-Response Relationship, DrugBase SequenceTransforming Growth Factor beta1Insulin-Like Growth Factor IIEnzyme InhibitorsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCarcinoma, Squamous CellMice, Inbred C57BLModels, MolecularGene ExpressionGene Expression RegulationPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesFibroblast Growth Factor 13T3 CellsEpithelial CellsMAP Kinase Signaling SystemDown-RegulationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCell DifferentiationReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorTime FactorsExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungPhosphotyrosineAntigens, CDPeptidesLymphokines
EGFRHuman epidermalHER2ProteinsVEGFFibroblast growthErbB ReceptorsDifferentiationExtracellularIntracellularPathwaysStrongly inhibitedOverexpressionProliferationInteractionsTyrosine kinasesAntagonistAmphiregulinPhosphorylationRegulatesFGFR1FamilyInhibitProteinDegradationMoleculesParacrineTKIsHomologousMetastasisMetabolismBindTransgenicFibroblastsInteractionCellsSpecificityAntitumor activityFGFREstrogenGeneCancerTumor cell growthExpressionGenesMolecularPeptides
EGFR33
  • Ligands that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are synthesized as membrane-anchored precursors that appear to be proteolytically released by members of the ADAM family of metalloproteases. (nih.gov)
  • Because membrane-anchored EGFR ligands are thought to be biologically active, the role of ligand release in the regulation of EGFR signaling is unclear. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate this question, we used metalloprotease inhibitors to block EGFR ligand release from human mammary epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • These cells express both transforming growth factor alpha and amphiregulin and require autocrine signaling through the EGFR for proliferation and migration. (nih.gov)
  • Metalloprotease inhibitors also reduced growth of EGF-responsive tumorigenic cell lines and were synergistic with the inhibitory effects of antagonistic EGFR antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Blocking release of EGFR ligands also strongly inhibited autocrine activation of the EGFR and reduced both the rate and persistence of cell migration. (nih.gov)
  • Our results indicate that soluble rather than membrane-anchored forms of the ligands mediate most of the biological effects of EGFR ligands. (nih.gov)
  • Many of their antimetastatic effects could be the result of their ability to inhibit autocrine signaling through the EGFR. (nih.gov)
  • This protein interacts with the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is similar to the phenotypes of EGFR and ERα knockout mice, which also show absence of ductal growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-suppression of EGFR ligands amphiregulin and epiregulin and de-repression of FGFR3 signalling contribute to cetuximab resistance in wild-type KRAS tumour cells. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) sustain endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in solid tumors, but little is known about the role of HB-EGF-EGFR signaling in bone marrow angiogenesis and multiple myeloma (MM) progression. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We found that bone marrow endothelial cells from patients with MM express high levels of EGFR and HB-EGF, compared with cells from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and that overexpressed HB-EGF stimulates EGFR expression in an autocrine loop. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Moreover, blockade of HB-EGF-EGFR signaling, by an anti-HB-EGF neutralizing antibody or the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, limited the angiogenic potential of bone marrow endothelial cells and hampered tumor growth in an MM xenograft mouse model. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The deregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway plays a major role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). (udg.edu)
  • A potential mechanism to overcome EGFR blockade in cancer cells is the autocrine activation of alternative receptors of the human EGFR (HER) family through the overexpression of the HER receptors and ligands. (udg.edu)
  • The gene expression of the four EGFR/HER receptors and seven ligands of the HER family was analyzed by real-time PCR prior to and after each treatment. (udg.edu)
  • EGFR inhibition rapidly induced enhanced gene expression of the EGF, betacellulin and neuregulin-1 ligands along with HER2, HER3 and HER4 receptors in the DU145 cells. (udg.edu)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: EGFt is a truncated form of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) that is non-biologically active but retains binding and internalization into EGFR-positive cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib nearly all develop resistance and relapse. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Also adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1 VIM ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Thus induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • In addition to previously observed resistance mechanisms including EGFR-T790M ''gate-keeper'' mutations and MET amplification, a subset of the seven chronically adapted NSCLC cell lines including HCC4006, HCC2279 and H1650 cells exhibited marked induction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA and protein. (refine.bio)
  • Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associates with a range of cancers while downregulation of EGFR signalling can inhibit cancer growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study determines the effects of krill oil extract on the migration of human CRC cells, and its potential role in modulating EGFR signalling pathway and the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy is an effective way to inhibit proliferation of many cancer types such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method was used to quantify protein expression of molecular markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)), molecular markers of proliferation (Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecular markers (matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), E-cadherin and downstream N-cadherin). (wjon.org)
  • To understand the functional interactions between the TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors, we stably transfected LAN5 neuroblastoma cells with an expression vector for ET-R, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the TrkA transmembrane and intracellular domains. (umassmed.edu)
  • Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focused our research on the nucleolar function that a specific member of EGFR family, the ErbB3 receptor, plays in glioblastoma, a tumor without effective therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the EGFR signalling promotes proliferation in tumor the EGFR receptors often represent a marker of resistance with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Human epidermal2
  • Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The notion that breast cancer disease can be viewed as a biological process that is driven by overactive human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has led to development of various anti-HER tyrosine kinase agents. (biomedcentral.com)
HER22
  • It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins8
  • Moreover, there is recent evidence that EGFRL/MAP kinase signaling modulates FSH receptor (FSHR) transcription, in part, via inhibitor of differentiation/DNA-binding (ID) proteins. (psu.edu)
  • Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is the best characterized member of a family of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain containing proteins that serve as ligands for tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • FGFRs are a class of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and are single-pass membrane proteins made of N-terminal extracellular (EC) domains with three immunoglobulin-like subdomains (D1, D2 and D3), a transmembrane (TM) domain with a single α-helix, and an intracellular (IC) region which includes tyrosine kinase motifs, a juxta-membrane domain and a carboxyl-terminal tail [12-14]. (123dok.org)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Like other TNF-family receptors and the IL-1 receptor, RANK mediates its signal transduction via TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins, suggesting that the signaling pathways activated by RANK and other inflammatory cytokines involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation are interconnected. (umassmed.edu)
  • Intracellular psoriasin has been found to interact with various signalling proteins, including the nuclear factor (NF)-kB regulator Jab1, while secreted psoriasin functions as an antimicrobial peptide and has the ability to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils and T cells (6). (medicaljournals.se)
  • In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
VEGF6
  • It seems that expression of AREG is connected with proliferation of fibroblasts and production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • bFGF is a more potent angiogenic factor than VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) or PDGF ( platelet-derived growth factor ). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • We investigated the influence of alpha6beta1 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression because autocrine VEGF is necessary for the survival of serum-deprived cells in hypoxia. (umassmed.edu)
  • e lymphatic blood vascular endothelial cells are activated by several in�ammatory mediators (e.g., vascular endothelial growth capillariestakeupthisprotein-rich�uid,therebymaintaining factor- (VEGF-)A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) , inter- not only tissue �uid homeostasis but also exerting immune leukin (IL)-6, and IL-1), leading to the typical signs of surveillance. (sagepub.com)
Fibroblast growth3
  • The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors/Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFRs/FGFs) axis offers interesting molecular targets to be pursued in clinical development. (123dok.org)
  • The FGFR family is characterized by four receptors, binding to 18 ligands called fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), employing heparin as a co-factor [2-4]. (123dok.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs , are a family of growth factors involved in wound healing and embryonic development. (beauty104.com.tw)
ErbB Receptors1
  • BTC binds and activates ErbB-1 and ErbB-4 homodimers and is further characterised by its unique ability to activate all possible heterodimeric ErbB receptors. (embl.de)
Differentiation6
  • A wide array of chemical substances can influence cell growth and differentiation. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Studies in osteoclast biology have led to the identification of factors responsible for the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the most important of which is the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor (RANKL/ODF), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like protein. (umassmed.edu)
  • Psoriasin, which is highly expressed in psoriasis, is encoded by a gene located within the epidermal differentiation complex. (medicaljournals.se)
  • To establish the skin barrier and the epidermal structure, keratinocytes undergo a tightly regulated process of differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • In psoriasis, the differentiation process of the epidermal cells is disturbed. (medicaljournals.se)
  • In addition, the gene that encodes psoriasin is positioned within the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) (10-12), a gene cluster that contains several genes of importance in the terminal differentiation of the human epidermis (10, 11). (medicaljournals.se)
Extracellular3
  • It has previously been proposed that prior to follicle selection, granulosa cells are actively maintained in an undifferentiated state by epidermal growth factor receptor ligands (EGFRL) signaling via the MAP kinase/extracellular regulated kinase pathway. (psu.edu)
  • We have shown previously that extracellular psoriasin binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), promoting endothelial cell proliferation (8). (medicaljournals.se)
  • A monoclonal antibody (Mab) designated as GHR106 was generated against the extracellular domain (N1-29 synthetic peptide) of human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. (annexpublishers.co)
Intracellular3
  • Recently, several novel agents targeting growth factor receptors, angiogenic pathways, adhesion molecules and mediators of intracellular signal transduction have been clinically explored. (docksci.com)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs (Olsen et al. (beauty104.com.tw)
Pathways5
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • ETs and their receptors have been implicated in cancer progression through autocrine and paracrine pathways [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
  • Based on the evidence for interaction between the IGF-1 and TRAIL pathways, we hypothesized that the combination of ganitumab (monoclonal antibody to IGF1R) with the pro-apoptotic death receptor 5 agonist, conatumumab, might increase antitumor response. (sagepub.com)
  • These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
Strongly inhibited1
Overexpression3
  • Thus, in contrast to projection neuron-specific loss- or (moderate) overexpression of NRG1, these findings suggest that NRG1-mediated autocrine signaling in Parv+ interneurons serves an essential role in the regulation of inhibitory circuit functions. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Finally, in a pilot project a new mouse line for the conditional overexpression of NRG2, a closely related ErbB4 ligand in the brain, has been generated by homologous recombination into the Rosa26 locus of embryonic stem cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation4
  • We found that metalloprotease inhibitors reduced cell proliferation in direct proportion to their effect on transforming growth factor alpha release. (nih.gov)
  • 1. In order to assess potential abnormalities in the control of mucosal proliferation, 30 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were studied in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and epidermal growth factor receptor to determine the Ki-67 labelling index in the affected oesophageal mucosa. (portlandpress.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
Interactions2
  • Here we review the interactions of metabolism, galectins and glycoprotein ligands as well as the utility of this model to predict and treat inflammation and autoimmunity. (gr.jp)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
Tyrosine kinases1
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
Antagonist1
  • Anticancer activity of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor antagonist, ganitumab, in. (sagepub.com)
Amphiregulin6
  • Amphiregulin has been found to be essential for mammary ductal development, as evidenced by absence of ductal growth in amphiregulin knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, in skin derived ILC2s, amphiregulin expression was regulated by the interaction of killer-cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) with E-cadherin. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells have a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and TCR signals don't seem to be required for amphiregulin production, but this process can be dependent on the IL-33/ST2 (or IL-33 receptor) pathway and the expression of interleukin 18 receptor (IL-18R) on tissue resident Tregs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, amphiregulin that is expressed from these Tregs can further enhance their function, forming an autocrine positive feedback loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, Tregs that express amphiregulin, along with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), CD39 and CD73, act on parenchymal cells to promote tissue repair and regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Johnson GR, Saeki T, Gordon AW, Shoyab M, Salomon DS, Stromberg K. Autocrine action of amphiregulin in a colon carcinoma cell line and immunocytochemical localization of amphiregulin in human colon. (jamanetwork.com)
Phosphorylation3
  • In the present studies with undifferentiated granulosa, recombinant human (rh) bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induced the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, and blocked transforming growth factor β and FSH-induced FSHR expression and progesterone production. (psu.edu)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
Regulates1
  • The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
FGFR13
  • In adapted cell lines exhibiting increased FGF2 and FGFR1 expression measures of growth and signaling but not EMT were blocked by FGFR-specific TKIs an FGF-ligand trap and FGFR1 silencing with RNAi. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • There is a total of seven signalling receptors, encoded by four FGFR genes, FGFR1-4 [15]. (123dok.org)
  • 2003). FGF molecules bind to a family of receptor molecules consisting of 4 members (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4). (beauty104.com.tw)
Family10
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both receptors belong to the TAM (TYRO3, AXL and MER - MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase) receptor tyrosine kinase family, which emerged as new potential targets in many oncological diseases, from leukaemia to solid tumours ( Graham et al, 2014 ). (nature.com)
  • The members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/ErbB family are prime targets for cancer therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • MST1R (RON) is a trans-membrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which is part of the c-MET proto-oncogene family. (frontiersin.org)
  • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides and the chromosome 11p15.5 mucin glycoproteins are expressed and secreted in a site specific fashion along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. (embl.de)
  • Betacellulin (BTC) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of peptide ligands that are characterised by a six-cysteine consensus motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds crucial for binding the ErbB receptor family. (embl.de)
  • The RANKL/ODF receptor, receptor activator of NF-kappa B (RANK), is a TNF-receptor family member present on both osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts. (umassmed.edu)
  • The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cannabinoid is a family of complex chemicals (terpenophenolic compounds) that exert most of their actions by binding to and activating specific Gαi protein-coupled receptors named as cannabinoid receptor, CB1 (Central receptor) and CB2 (Peripheral receptor) respectively [ 4 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
Inhibit1
  • Knowledge about how growth factors and hormones function is pivotal in order to rationally try to stimulate or inhibit their effects for therapeutical purposes. (beauty104.com.tw)
Protein4
  • Here, we present data on preclinical studies in mice of a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based recombinant protein vaccine (PHH-1V) consisting of an RBD fusion heterodimer comprising the B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variants formulated in SQBA adjuvant, an oil-in-water emulsion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The only ligand recognized to bind MST1R (RON) is Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1), also known as Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) or Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein (HGFL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Ligand-dependent activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) lowers blood glucose via glucose-dependent insulin secretion and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipid-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and implicated with metabolic symdroms [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Degradation1
  • Phagocytosis is a term coined from the Greek to describe the receptor-mediated engulfment and degradation of dead cells and microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Molecules2
  • This large body of evidence demonstrates the antitumor activity of endothelin receptor antagonists and provides a rationale for the clinical evaluation of these molecules alone and in combination with cytotoxic drugs or molecular inhibitors leading to a new generation of anticancer therapies targeting endothelin receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ribosomes ANS: D .te Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. (browsegrades.net)
Paracrine1
  • The actions of BMP2 are, at least in part, mediated indirectly via enhanced EGFRL expression and ERBB receptor-mediated MAP kinase signaling, and can be modulated by the autocrine/paracrine production of NOG. (psu.edu)
TKIs1
  • Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. (biomedcentral.com)
Homologous1
  • However, FGFs 11-14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functional differences compared to the FGFs. (beauty104.com.tw)
Metastasis4
  • Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
  • Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review article, we will focus on a broad range of cannabinoids, their receptor dependent and receptor independent functional roles against various cancer types with respect to growth, metastasis, energy metabolism, immune environment, stemness and future perspectives in exploring new possible therapeutic opportunities. (oncotarget.com)
Metabolism1
  • These receptors have pivotal roles in embryogenesis and metabolism [5,6], and play a critical role in the development of the skeletal system [7,8]. (123dok.org)
Bind3
  • 5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? (browsegrades.net)
  • it does not bind to receptors. (browsegrades.net)
  • some are promiscuous, such as FGF1, and bind to multiple receptors, while others, such as FGF7, tether only one receptor isoform [11]. (123dok.org)
Transgenic1
  • X. Trefoil peptide and EGF receptor/ligand transgenic mice. (embl.de)
Fibroblasts2
  • It is a critical autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factor was found in a cow brain extract by Gospodarowicz and colleagues and tested in a bioassay which caused fibroblasts to proliferate (first published report in 1974). (beauty104.com.tw)
Interaction2
  • Advances in our understanding on the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells have contributed to the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Plexin-B1 has recently been shown to mediate activation of RhoA through a stable interaction with the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG. (rupress.org)
Cells14
  • In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
  • These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
  • While much is known about the ErbB receptor binding characteristics of BTC and its effect on a variety of cultured cells under different conditions, the challenge that lies ahead is to determine the role of BTC in vivo. (embl.de)
  • Cotreatment with GPR119 agonist (MBX-2982 or GSK1292263) significantly potentiated gefitinib-induced cell growth inhibition in gefitinib-insensitive MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After growth factor treatment for 6 d, a population of nestin-positive cells responding to both EGF and FGF-2 were identified. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • 107] demonstrated that IL-1 production and signaling from the IL-1 receptor are necessary components of Raf-induced transformation of NIH 3 T3 cells, which exclude other factors involvement in the vivo model [85]. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • We found IL-17A receptor expression levels in LCH cells are important for defining LCH subclasses. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • Using confocal laser scanning microscopy we investigated the Ca 2+ distribution in single corticotropin releasing factor- and urocortin-stimulated human skin cells. (biologists.com)
  • Both Mabs in murine (mGHR106) or humanized (hGHR106) forms were shown to have comparable specificity and affinity to intact GnRH receptor on cancer cells or to N1-29 synthetic peptides from humans and monkeys. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Subsequent studies revealed that GnRH and its receptor also play extra-pituitary roles in numerous normal and malignant cells or tissues, the mechanisms of which are still being actively explored [ 4-6 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Numerous cytokines and growth factors that are up-regulated in corneal cells further contribute to tissue inflammation. (medscape.com)
Specificity10
Antitumor activity1
  • Baselga, José 2014-05-11 00:00:00 Agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) have shown antitumor activity. (sagepub.com)
FGFR3
  • Among one of the actionable targets is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. (123dok.org)
  • Among such actionable targets in BC is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). (123dok.org)
  • The signaling complex at the cell surface is believed to be a ternary complex formed between two identical FGF ligands, two identical FGFR subunits and either one or two heparan sulfate chains. (beauty104.com.tw)
Estrogen1
  • AREG is a critical factor in estrogen action and ductal development of the mammary glands. (wikipedia.org)
Gene1
Cancer1
  • Previous studies examined the diverse functions of lipid-sensing receptors in the development and progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor cell growth1
  • Special advances are achieved in HER-positive tumors using targeted therapy with drugs which suppress the tumor cell growth factors (trastuzumab, herceptin). (cttjournal.com)
Expression5
  • 2. The expression of transforming growth factor-α, epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor was increased and the Ki-67 labelling index was higher in Barrett's mucosa compared with normal gastric mucosa. (portlandpress.com)
  • The 'intestinal-type' of Barrett's mucosa had the greatest expression of transforming growth factor-α, epidermal growth factor receptor and the highest Ki-67 labelling index compared with the other types of Barrett's metaplasia. (portlandpress.com)
  • 3. In conclusion, both normal gastric mucosa and Barrett's mucosa have potential autocrine growth regulatory mechanisms, but Barrett's mucosa has increased expression of both of the measured ligands and of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (portlandpress.com)
  • The receptors expression and activation were further characterized by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. (udg.edu)
  • The effects were also observed at very low peptide concentrations (10 -13 M) with no apparent linear correlation between peptide dosage and increase of fluorescence intensity,which implied co-expression of different corticotropin releasing factor receptor forms in the same cell. (biologists.com)
Genes1
  • Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)
Molecular1
  • This discovery has opened the way to identification of the molecular action of various cannabinoids and the cannabinoid receptors. (oncotarget.com)
Peptides1
  • This review highlights some of the major findings pertinent to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligands, particularly the major gut ligand transforming growth factor-alpha, as well as the trefoil peptides. (embl.de)