Auditory neurons hair cells auditory inner. Medical search. Frequent questions

Exposure to Cd concentrations of 10 microM for 24 and 48 h resulted in minor inner and outer hair cell loss in the basal third of the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
Treatment with 100 microM Cd for 48 h resulted in substantial (>30 %) hair cell loss over the entire cochlea. (cdc.gov)
The ear has three compartments: (1) the outer ear, including the pina and the ear canal down to the tympanic membrane, (2) the air-filled middle ear, including the three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) and the connection to the pharynx (the auditory canal), and (3) the fluid-filled inner ear or cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti and the initial portion of the auditory nerve. (vin.com)
Primary deafness results from destruction of hair cells in the cochlea without antecedent events. (vin.com)
Inside the cochlea are specialized "hair" cells that have symmetric arrays of stereocilia extending out from their surface. (news-medical.net)
In Usher syndrome and some other "sensory neuronal" diseases that cause deafness, the hair cells in the cochlea are unable to maintain the symmetric arrays of stereocilia. (news-medical.net)
Cochlear implants can act as a recording sensor to pick up signals made by the cochlea as it passes sound information to the auditory nerve, so this will allow researchers to record objective measures of cochlear health, rather than only relying on subjective measures like speech recognition. (rnid.org.uk)
Expression of EFR3A in the mouse cochlea during degeneration of spiral ganglion following hair cell loss. (nih.gov)
The inner ear contains the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the vestibular and auditory nerves. (hearingresearch.org)
The vibrations from the bones of the middle ear cause the fluid in the cochlea to move, which causes tiny hair cells inside to interact with neurons. (hearingresearch.org)
In most cases, the tiny hair cells inside the cochlea experience trauma or injury. (hearingresearch.org)
Sound waves travel through the ear canal to the middle and inner ear, where hair cells in part of the cochlea help transform sound waves into electrical signals that then travel to the brain's auditory cortex via the auditory nerve. (banishtinnitus.net)
The cochlea is a fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells (hair cells) of the auditory system ( [link] ). (lumenlearning.com)
As the stapes presses into the oval window, the fluid inside the cochlea begins to move, which in turn stimulates hair cells , which are auditory receptor cells of the inner ear embedded in the basilar membrane. (lumenlearning.com)
Recent studies indicate that the mammalian cochlea would only regenerate during embryonic development and early neonatal period, while adult hair cells lack this ability [5,6]. (biomedgrid.com)
Microphones convert sound into electric signals that then directly stimulate the auditory nerve in the cochlea, the structure in the inner ear involved in hearing. (icrea.cat)
The research need not be directly on an otological disease but may explore normal functions of the cochlea, labyrinth or central auditory or vestibular systems. (americanotologicalsociety.org)
Sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea convert mechanical stimuli into electrical impulses that subserve audition. (elsevierpure.com)
Here we show that in utero gene transfer of Atoh1 produces functional supernumerary hair cells in the mouse cochlea. (elsevierpure.com)
Our results demonstrate that manipulation of cell fate by transcription factor misexpression produces functional sensory cells in the postnatal mammalian cochlea. (elsevierpure.com)
90% of hearing loss is caused by damage to cells within the cochlea, particularly the sensory hair cells, and once these cells are damaged they degenerate and die. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
The origin of this high-rate activity is found in the cochlea, where inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce mechanical stimuli into receptor potentials, followed by faithful and indefatigable transmitter release at their ribbon synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
Mn accumulates in the inner ear (cochlea) following acute in vivo treatment and in vitro studies show that uM levels of Mn damage sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) in the inner ear. (cdc.gov)
The largest and significant increases occurred in the basilar membrane, spiral ganglion neurons and stria vascularis of the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
The vibrations are amplified via the auditory ossicles and sent to the cochlea in the inner ear. (lu.se)
The hair cells inside the fluid-filled cochlea react to sounds of different frequencies, 20-20 000 Hz. (lu.se)

Specifically, the spiral ganglion cells, auditory nerve, and auditory brainstem nuclei have all been implicated. (medscape.com)
Afterward, we evaluated the degree of damage to hair cells, auditory nerve fibers, and spiral ganglion neurons. (cdc.gov)
Damage to the hair cells, auditory nerve fibers, and spiral ganglion neurons systematically increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
100 microM of Cd for 24 h or 10 microM of Cd for 48 h resulted in considerable damage to auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons. (cdc.gov)
These findings are the first to demonstrate that Cd can cause significant lesions to peripheral auditory nerve fibers, spiral ganglion neurons, and sensory hair cells in organotypic cultures from postnatal cochleae. (cdc.gov)
Hearing loss correlated with cell death in hair cells, degeneration of spiral neurons and increased macrophage infiltration. (datadryad.org)
Efr3a Insufficiency Attenuates the Degeneration of Spiral Ganglion Neurons after Hair Cell Loss. (nih.gov)
High expression of EFR3A may be important to prompt initiation of spiral ganglion degeneration following hair cell loss. (nih.gov)
Gipc3 localizes to inner ear sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion. (nih.gov)
The Gipc3(343A) allele disrupts the structure of the stereocilia bundle and affects long-term function of auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. (nih.gov)
Although the etiologies of hearing loss are diverse, hair cell (HC) damage and/or loss as well as spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration represent the most common causes. (biomedgrid.com)
The complex spiral organ structure of these cells makes them more susceptible to getting damaged, which can result in permanent hearing loss [7]. (biomedgrid.com)
For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. (elsevierpure.com)
Specifically, recent preclinical studies suggest that the synapses between inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons with low spontaneous rates and high thresholds are the most vulnerable subcellular structures, with respect to insults during aging and noise exposure. (elsevierpure.com)
Left: Inner hair cells (IHC, yellow) in the inner ear are excited by sound and activate spiral ganglion neurons (SGN, green). (icrea.cat)
The mechanism of human hearing is very complex but fundamentally it involves the sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti detecting sounds and passing messages via synapses to the spiral ganglion neurones that carry the signal to the brain. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
So-called hair cells in the inner ear convert sounds into neural signals that are relayed to the brain by spiral ganglion neurons, the study notes. (scholarsark.com)
Peripheral processes of CN VIII that innervate the hair cells exit the organ of Corti through the osseous spiral lamina and continue to the spiral ganglia where their bipolar nerve cell bodies are located. (digitalhistology.org)
Peripheral axons (blue arrows) of this nerve pass medially from the hair cells through the osseous spiral lamina (black arrows) to the spiral ganglion, where their bipolar nerve cell bodies are located. (digitalhistology.org)
Complexins were not detectable in cochlear hair cells but CPX I was expressed in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that give rise to the auditory nerve. (le.ac.uk)
Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)

Previous attempts to "grow" inner-ear hair cells in standard cell culture systems have worked poorly in part because necessary cues to develop hair bundles - a hallmark of sensory hair cells and a structure critically important for detecting auditory or vestibular signals - are lacking in the flat cell-culture dish. (iu.edu)
Atoh1-based gene therapy to ameliorate auditory and vestibular dysfunction has been proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
Dr. René H Gifford will discuss recent work on electric-acoustic integration in children and adults, and Dr. Sharon Cushing will discuss her work as a clinician on 3-D auditory and vestibular effects. (aro.org)
My research focuses on characterizing the biophysics of synaptic transmission between hair cells and primary afferents in the vestibular system. (aro.org)
For many years an outstanding question in vestibular physiology was how the transduction current in the type I hair cell was sufficient, in the face of large conductances on at rest, to depolarize it to potentials necessary for conventional synaptic transmission with its unique afferent calyx. (aro.org)
During week 4 of embryonic development, the human inner ear develops from the auditory placode, a thickening of the ectoderm that gives rise to the bipolar neurons of the cochlear and vestibular ganglions. (medscape.com)

The lateral-line system in zebrafish serves as an ideal platform to examine encoding of stimuli by sensory hair cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Animal studies then followed, which showed that transplanted stem cells were able to change into auditory neurons that could reconnect to the sensory hair cells. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity. (medscape.com)

In the absence of CPX I, the resting release probability in the endbulb of Held synapses of the auditory nerve fibers with bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus was reduced. (le.ac.uk)

In this review, we will discuss how CAEPs can be used to assess development of the auditory cortex and monitor the maturation of the auditory cortex and central auditory pathways before and after intervention with hearing aids and cochlear implants. (hearingreview.com)
In order to serve as a guide for the future development of pertinent therapeutic interventions, this review provides a systematic overview of recent research progress on the mechanisms disclosing cochlear hair cell injury as well as a detailed account of the molecular pathways regulating mammalian hair cell regeneration. (biomedgrid.com)
The only binding sites of synapse in the auditory numerals appear to represent successive tracts and/ pathways of the brainstem are the inferior colliculus or auditory pathway synapses. (bvsalud.org)

Patients will receive Rincell-1, which will regenerate auditory neurons and re-establish the transmission of nerve signals from the inner ear to the auditory centres of the brain to reverse hearing loss. (rnid.org.uk)
These hair cells do not regenerate, so a portion of the hearing is lost. (hearingresearch.org)
However, it is susceptible to genetic defects, noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, and aging, because mammals have limited ability to regenerate spontaneously, hair cell loss or damage may lead to permanent hearing loss. (biomedgrid.com)
Mammals cannot regenerate lost hair cells or auditory neurons so hearing loss can be permanent [1]. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
However, birds and many non-mammalian species are able to regenerate hair cells after they have been damaged, so the question is: why have mammalian species lost this ability? (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
The neurons do not regenerate once they are lost. (scholarsark.com)

PNNs are supposed to control synaptic transmission and are frequently associated with neurons firing at high rates, including principal neurons of auditory brainstem nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
These ECM baskets potentially contribute to control of synaptic transmission at IHCs and might be functionally related to PNNs of neurons in the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)

Auditory information is shuttled to the inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and finally to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain for processing. (lumenlearning.com)
Talk into the ear and follow the sound's path via the ear canal into the auditory cortex in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. (lu.se)

Rinri's cell therapy, Rincell-1, is for patients with auditory neuropathy , a form of hearing loss which occurs when sounds become disrupted as they travel to the brain. (rnid.org.uk)
Rinri says patients with auditory neuropathy make up 25% of the sensorineural hearing loss community. (rnid.org.uk)
Some patients with auditory neuropathy complain that sounds "come in and out" or seem out of sync. (northhillsent.com)

Auditory neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony (AN/AD) is a condition that affects the neural processing of auditory stimuli. (medscape.com)
The tooth has an unusual sensory system that converts external stimuli predominantly into pain, yet its sensory afferents in teeth demonstrate cytochemical properties of non-nociceptive neurons. (mdpi.com)
that contains the nervous tissue and specialized cells called photoreceptors for the initial processing of visual stimuli. (pressbooks.pub)
Variations due to the change in the presentation of stimuli help in the diagnosis of clinical conditions that affect the auditory nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated 20 students from a Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation, with no hearing impairment, all female aged 15-30 years old, who were screened for brainstem auditory evoked potential, which presented stimuli in different polarities ranges, including condensation and rarefaction in different presentation rates of 21.7, 27.7 and 47.7 stimuli per second. (bvsalud.org)

Effects of ATP-gamma-S on single-neuron spontaneous firing rates varied according to the initial spontaneous rate of each primary afferent. (edu.au)
Effects on single-neuron tuning curves were consistent with an action mainly on the outer hair cell transduction with betagammamethylene-ATP (elevation of tuning curve tips), but with ATP-gamma-S changes in sensitivity across the full extent of the tuning curve indicated an additional action on inner hair cell-afferent neurotransmission. (edu.au)
Shown above is a single neuron innervating a single glomerulus from a 50-year-old human subject, with a distinctive "comet" shape comprised of a very rich periglomerular nerve arborization. (nih.gov)

Here, we describe methods for recording hair-cell microphonics and activity of afferent neurons using intact zebrafish larvae. (elsevierpure.com)
Another readout of the hair-cell activity is obtained by recording action currents from single afferent neurons in response to water-jet stimulation of innervated hair cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Trapani, JG & Nicolson, T 2010, ' Physiological recordings from zebrafish lateral-line hair cells and afferent neurons ', Methods in cell biology , vol. 100, no. (elsevierpure.com)
Magnitude and temporal progression of wave I amplitude of afferent neurons correlate with susceptibility and resistance to audiogenic seizures. (nih.gov)

We can pick this up in your hearing test by conducting auditory brainstem response testing and otoacoustic emissions testing. (northhillsent.com)
Hearing function was assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and the compound action potential (CAP). (cdc.gov)

The neural plate is the source of the majority of neurons and glial cells of the CNS. (wikipedia.org)
During this time, the walls of the neural tube contain neural stem cells, which drive brain growth as they divide many times. (wikipedia.org)
Synaptic communication between neurons leads to the establishment of functional neural circuits that mediate sensory and motor processing, and underlie behavior. (wikipedia.org)
As hair cells become activated, they generate neural impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. (lumenlearning.com)
Temporal transcriptional control of neural induction in human induced pluripotent stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by lesions of either the inner ear (sensory) or the auditory (8th) nerve (neural). (msdmanuals.com)
Vision is known to impact auditory perception and neural mechanisms in vision and audition are tightly coupled, thus, in order to understand how we hear and how CIs affect auditory perception we must consider the integrative effects across these senses. (aro.org)
Auditory brainstem response is a response to external stimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the brainstem level. (bvsalud.org)

In the late 1970s, clinical investigators began to describe groups of patients with normal or slightly elevated audiogram pure tone thresholds accompanied with absent or severely abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). (medscape.com)
The finding of normal cochlear function accompanied with abnormal brainstem responses was defined in 1996 as auditory neuropathy (AN). (medscape.com)
Dusp1 gene knock-out caused premature progressive hearing loss, as confirmed by auditory evoked responses in Dusp1-/- mice. (datadryad.org)
This allows us to compare responses from individual infants and children with hearing loss to typically developing children of the same age in order to determine whether auditory cortical development is normal, delayed, or abnormal (absent). (hearingreview.com)
Hearing was impaired in CPX I knock-out mice but normal in knock-out mice for CPXs II, III, IV, and III/IV as measured by auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)
As predicted by computational modeling, bushy cells had decreased spike rates at sound onset as well as longer and more variable first spike latencies explaining the abnormal auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)

Sensorineural (nerve) deafness is loss of auditory function because of loss of cochlear hair cells or auditory nerve neurons. (vin.com)
AM-111 (Auris Medical): This cell-permeable peptide is currently in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)

Proper perception of sounds in the environment requires auditory signals to be encoded with extraordinary temporal precision up to tens of microseconds, but how it originates from the hearing organs in the periphery is poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hair cell synapses can transmit sound-driven signals precisely in the kHz range. (jneurosci.org)
These hair cells are involved in the physiological process called mechanotransduction, a phenomenon in hearing in which physical cues (sound waves) are transduced into electrochemical signals and communicated to the brain. (news-medical.net)
The opening of these channels is monitored by sensory neurons surrounding the hair cells, and these neurons then communicate the electrical signals to neurons in the auditory association cortex of the brain. (news-medical.net)
These neurons change the sound waves into electrical signals sent through the semicircular canals to the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
When hair cells are damaged - by loud noise or ototoxic drugs, for example - the circuits in the brain don't receive the signals they're expecting. (banishtinnitus.net)
To date, Kirupa's research has broadly focused on neurons within the auditory efferent circuit, which allow the brain to modulate incoming sound signals at the ear. (aro.org)
Auditory neuropathy is a form of hearing loss where your ear detects sounds and frequencies, but the signals from the ear to the brain aren't quite what they should be. (northhillsent.com)

Whether this represents a true auditory nerve neuropathy is debatable. (medscape.com)
Further investigations led to the conclusion that AN may truly represent a dyssynchronous auditory nerve rather than a neuropathy. (medscape.com)
The term auditory neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony (AN/AD) describes a diagnosis that affects a small group of patients with hearing loss and speech intelligibility scores out of proportion with their presumed hearing loss. (medscape.com)
What Is Auditory Neuropathy? (northhillsent.com)
When you have auditory neuropathy there's a discrepancy between your hearing test results and your ability to discern speech. (northhillsent.com)
There are many possible causes of auditory neuropathy from genetic mutation to damage to the inner hair cells or the neurons themselves. (northhillsent.com)
Auditory neuropathy has also been linked to neurological disorders and complications at birth. (northhillsent.com)
If you have family members with auditory neuropathy, you may be at a higher risk. (northhillsent.com)
How Is Auditory Neuropathy Treated? (northhillsent.com)

Our analysis of SCA1 transgenic mice revealed that the mutant protein aggregates in the nuclei of cerebellar Purkinje cells and that these aggregates stain positively for ubiquitin, the proteasome, and some chaperones. (bcm.edu)

Waves move the basilar membrane but not the tectorial membrane resulting in conformational changes in the stereocilia of hair cells. (powershow.com)
Therefore, hair cells that are in the base portion would be labeled as high-pitch receptors, while those in the tip of basilar membrane would be labeled as low-pitch receptors (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)

That is, we can examine the function of higher auditory centers of the brain (eg, auditory cortex) using cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs). (hearingreview.com)
This would mean that a given hair cell would fire action potentials related to the frequency of the sound wave. (lumenlearning.com)
While this is a very intuitive explanation, we detect such a broad range of frequencies (20-20,000 Hz) that the frequency of action potentials fired by hair cells cannot account for the entire range. (lumenlearning.com)
Because of properties related to sodium channels on the neuronal membrane that are involved in action potentials, there is a point at which a cell cannot fire any faster (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)

Depolarizing receptor potential is the _____ current with _______ ions moving into the cell. (freezingblue.com)
A _______ receptor potential is the outward current with positive ions moving out of cell. (freezingblue.com)

In humans, there are mutations in [the gene] cadherin 23 that cause deafness as well as Usher syndrome, the leading cause of deaf-blindness," says Associate Professor Ulrich Mueller, Ph.D., who is in the Department of Cell Biology at The Scripps Research Institute and is a member of Scripps Research's Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases. (news-medical.net)
Inner ear stem cells can be converted to auditory neurons that could reverse deafness, but the process can also make those cells divide too quickly, posing a cancer risk, according to a study led by Rutgers University-New Brunswick scientists. (scholarsark.com)

the dendritic arbor, the cell body, and the axon. (nih.gov)
A specialized form of the ECM are the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a pericellular cover that tightly enwraps somata, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segments of specific neurons thereby leaving meshes occupied by synaptic terminals. (biomedcentral.com)
Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)

Our research and research by others led to the discovery of a 3.5-year central auditory sensitive period, or time period during which the brain is maximally "plastic. (hearingreview.com)

To measure if their cell therapy is effective, in First-in-Human trials Rinri proposes administering Rincell-1 with cochlear implants - devices designed to bypass damaged hair cells and directly stimulate auditory neurons. (rnid.org.uk)

We conclude that, in addition to fast diffusion mediated by mobile Ca 2+ buffer, multiple Ca 2+ extrusion pumps are required for phase-locking at the auditory hair cell ribbon synapse. (jneurosci.org)
The induced hair cells display stereociliary bundles, attract neuronal processes and express the ribbon synapse marker carboxy-terminal binding protein 2 (refs 12,13). (elsevierpure.com)

Activity-independent mechanisms are generally believed to occur as hardwired processes determined by genetic programs played out within individual neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Our laboratory uses genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches to explore the pathogenesis of polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases, the function of Math1 in neurodevelopment, and how MECP2 mutations cause postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. (bcm.edu)
Researchers at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) and the University Medical Center Göttingen have achieved, for the first time, in vivo light-activated auditory stimulation without the need for genetic manipulation. (icrea.cat)
In collaboration with the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), an alternative route to optogenetics has been developed to couple light and electrical activity in the neurons without using genetic manipulation. (icrea.cat)
We do this by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to examine neuronal development and degeneration on specific genetic backgrounds (our disease focus is increasingly on ASD and Alzheimer's Disease). (ox.ac.uk)

How do hair cell stereocilia assemble and maintain themselves? (theliulabwvu.com)
The organ of Corti consists of a complex of supportive cells and hair cells with elongated microvilli (stereocilia). (digitalhistology.org)
These cells possess stereocilia, the tallest of which are embedded in the gelatinous tectorial membrane. (digitalhistology.org)

In particular, sound-evoked spikes in auditory afferent fibers in vivo are phase-locked to sound frequencies up to 5 kHz, but it is not clear how hair cells can handle intracellular Ca 2+ changes with such high speed and efficiency. (jneurosci.org)
Given that phase-locking can be achieved in auditory afferent fibers for frequencies up to ∼5 kHz ( Taberner and Liberman, 2005 ), exocytosis from hair cells must be tightly controlled with sufficient temporal precision required. (jneurosci.org)
Neurons respond maximally to characteristic frequencies. (powershow.com)
It was used to activate auditory neurons with light at kilohertz frequencies in adult gerbils and could ultimately contribute to improving the spectral resolution of cochlear implants. (icrea.cat)

However, previous studies of Ca 2+ handling in auditory hair cells have often been conducted in immature hair cells, with elevated extracellular Ca 2+ concentration, or through steady-state stimulation that may not be physiologically relevant. (jneurosci.org)
The recordings are performed by immobilizing and mounting larvae for optimal stimulation of lateral-line hair cells. (elsevierpure.com)
The activation of hair cells is a mechanical process: the stimulation of the hair cell ultimately leads to activation of the cell. (lumenlearning.com)

Part of the mechanism by which the stria for maintains these ionic levels involves pigment cells B melanocytes. (vin.com)
The stria vascularis, along with related cells in the maculae and cristae ampullares, produces endolymph. (digitalhistology.org)

The cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) response is comprised of three parts: the P1, N1, and P2. (hearingreview.com)

Gradually some of the cells stop dividing and differentiate into neurons and glial cells, which are the main cellular components of the CNS. (wikipedia.org)
How does the auditory system differentiate among various pitches? (lumenlearning.com)
The team mimicked the early development process with a precisely timed use of several small molecules that prompted the stem cells to differentiate, from one stage to the next, into precursors of the inner ear. (iu.edu)

By searching Pubmed, CNKI, Wanfang and other large databases, this review summarizes the damage mechanisms of cochlear hair cells mainly involve the breakage of tip links, mechanical damage of the core of the ciliary fiber actin, synaptic damage, as well as Oxidative stress by ROS intervention system. (biomedgrid.com)

This stimulates abnormal activity in the neurons, which results in the illusion of sound, or tinnitus. (banishtinnitus.net)

But the three-dimensional suspension also provided important mechanical cues, such as the tension from the pull of cells on each other, said Karl R. Koehler, B.A., the paper's first author and a graduate student in the medical neuroscience graduate program at the IU School of Medicine. (iu.edu)
Kirupa's interest in the mind and particular fascination by how we are able to perceive the world around us led her to pursue a research career in auditory neuroscience. (aro.org)
The encouraging news is that turning stem cells into auditory neurons can be controlled - at least in a Petri dish, said Kelvin Y. Kwan, senior author of the study and an assistant professor in the Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience in the School of Arts and Sciences. (scholarsark.com)

One hallmark embodying the auditory temporal precision is phase-locking, a phenomenon that the timing of spikes fired by single auditory neurons is synchronized and therefore phase-locked to acoustic cycles ( Heil and Peterson, 2017 ). (jneurosci.org)
The temporal theory of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron. (lumenlearning.com)
Selection of laboratory and/or imaging studies to rule out conditions other than migraine headache is determined by the individual presentation (eg, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels may be appropriate to exclude temporal/giant cell arteritis). (medscape.com)

Hearing loss from overexposure to noise causes hair cell loss, severe damage to neuronal processes and slow degeneration of auditory neurons. (scholarsark.com)

A new cell therapy that could repair damage to the auditory nerve and improve hearing could be transformative for millions of people with hearing loss, with clinical trials starting in the next two years. (rnid.org.uk)
RNID and our supporters are really excited about Rinri's work, which could result in a life-changing treatment for millions of people with age-related hearing loss caused by damage to the auditory nerve. (rnid.org.uk)
What Can Cause Auditory Nerve Damage? (northhillsent.com)

Atonal homologue 1 (encoded by Atoh1, also known as Math1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for hair-cell development, and its misexpression in vitro and in vivo generates hair-cell-like cells. (elsevierpure.com)

Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)

A research team led by Eri Hashino, Ph.D., Ruth C. Holton Professor of Otolaryngology at Indiana University School of Medicine, reported that by using a three-dimensional cell culture method, they were able to coax stem cells to develop into inner-ear sensory epithelia - containing hair cells, supporting cells and neurons - that detect sound, head movements and gravity. (iu.edu)

Hair cells are stimulated with a pressure-controlled water jet and a recording electrode is positioned next to the site of mechanotransduction in order to record microphonics-extracellular voltage changes due to currents through hair-cell mechanotransduction channels. (elsevierpure.com)
A missense mutation in the PDZ domain has an attenuating effect on mechanotransduction and the acquisition of mature inner hair cell potassium currents. (nih.gov)

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides an inexpensive and non-invasive way to assess neuroplasticity in patients with hearing loss, and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) offers insight into neuroplasticity, too. (hearingreview.com)
These cells were able to reverse hearing loss, resulting in approximately 40% improvement in the hearing threshold. (rnid.org.uk)
Rinri's work is now at an advanced stage of preclinical development and the company hope to start clinical trials in the next two years with patients with deficiencies in the auditory nerve, such as those with severe-to-profound age-related hearing loss. (rnid.org.uk)
Our mission is to realise the potential of cell therapy to treat hearing loss for millions of patients around the world. (rnid.org.uk)
Note however that tinnitus nearly always consists of fairly simple sounds -- for example, hearing someone talking that no one else can hear would not ordinarily be called tinnitus -- this would be called an auditory hallucination. (banishtinnitus.net)
Investigating the mechanisms underlying hearing loss and regeneration caused by cochlear hair cells is therefore crucial from a clinical standpoint. (biomedgrid.com)
Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor deficiency yields profound hearing loss through Kv7.4 channel upsurge in auditory neurons and hair cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Loss of hair cells and their innervating neurons is the most frequent cause of hearing impairment. (elsevierpure.com)
The antennal auditory organ of Drosophila, Johnston s organ (JO), provides a valuable system to study hearing. (uni-goettingen.de)
Conductive hearing loss occurs secondary to lesions in the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (TM), or middle ear. (msdmanuals.com)
Importantly, auditory abilities operate in the context of how hearing integrates with other senses. (aro.org)
For over ten years Action on Hearing Loss has been supporting research into the replacement of cells with stem cells to restore hearing. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) is the gold standard diagnostic tool used for confirming hearing problems in dogs. (firstvet.com)
Want to restore hearing by injecting stem cells into the inner ear? (scholarsark.com)
Hair cells in a chicken hearing organ. (scholarsark.com)
MnCl2 in drinking water did not cause hearing impairment or hair cell pathologies by itself and it did not potentiate noise-induced hearing loss or hair cell pathologies. (cdc.gov)

These damages may show up as the mechanical transduction complex of hair cells not functioning properly, the loss of certain ribbon synapses, or even the direct death of hair cells. (biomedgrid.com)
In this model, intravenous carboplatin treatment produces a selective, although variable, loss of inner hair cells. (medscape.com)

The outer ear includes the pinna , which is the visible part of the ear that protrudes from our heads, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane , or eardrum. (lumenlearning.com)
Sound waves travel along the auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate. (lumenlearning.com)

Additional research is needed to determine how inner-ear cells involved in auditory sensing might be developed, as well as how these processes can be applied to develop human inner-ear cells, the researchers said. (iu.edu)
Central processes of these neurons form the cochlear division of CN VIII. (digitalhistology.org)

Many authors have suggested that the abnormalities that cause AN/AD reside within the lower auditory system. (medscape.com)
however, its effects on the peripheral auditory system are poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
As a child grows and their auditory system becomes more efficient, the P1 response decreases systematically in latency until it reaches 50-70 milliseconds in adulthood. (hearingreview.com)
However, the frequency ranges for which the auditory system can use ITDs and ILDs significantly overlap, and most natural sounds will have both high and low frequency components, so that the auditory system will in most cases have to combine information from both ITDs and ILDs to judge the location of a sound source. (wikipedia.org)
Our auditory system converts pressure waves into meaningful sounds. (lumenlearning.com)
This section will provide an overview of the basic anatomy and function of the auditory system. (lumenlearning.com)
Like the monocular and binocular cues that provided information about depth, the auditory system uses both monaural (one-eared) and binaural (two-eared) cues to localize sound. (lumenlearning.com)
Inner ear hair cells are a central component of the auditory system. (biomedgrid.com)
Notably, the visual system is tightly couples to the auditory system. (aro.org)
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized aggregations of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules surrounding specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to neurons and glia, the extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a fundamental, non-cellular component of the nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we explored the role of CPXs in the mouse auditory system. (le.ac.uk)

Funded by RNID, his laboratory team discovered how to turn pluripotent stem cells into specialised auditory nerve cells that carry information to the brain. (rnid.org.uk)
To implement this vision, we work collaboratively with basic, clinical and translational neuroscientists, molecular biologists, stem cell biologists and computational biologists. (ox.ac.uk)
INDIANAPOLIS - Indiana University scientists have transformed mouse embryonic stem cells into key structures of the inner ear. (iu.edu)
We were surprised to see that once stem cells are guided to become inner-ear precursors and placed in 3-D culture, these cells behave as if they knew not only how to become different cell types in the inner ear, but also how to self-organize into a pattern remarkably similar to the native inner ear," Dr. Hashino said. (iu.edu)
Electrophysiology testing further proved that those hair cells generated from stem cells were functional, and were the type that sense gravity and motion. (iu.edu)
The long-term project with Professor Marco Rivolta at the University of Sheffield has shown that stem cells can be turned into both hair cells and auditory neurons that have similar electrical properties to their natural counterparts. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
People say, 'we'll just put stem cells in and we're going to replace lost neurons. (scholarsark.com)
We're saying that 'yes, we can make neurons,' but you have other side effects that are unanticipated, such as increased proliferation of stem cells. (scholarsark.com)
The Rutgers-led study was published in Stem Cell Reports and led by Zhichao Song, a doctoral student in Kwan's lab. (scholarsark.com)
In their study, the scientists overexpressed a gene called NEUROG1 to turn inner ear stem cells into auditory neurons. (scholarsark.com)
But since that leads to increased cell division and NEUROG1 is used in other stem cells to make other types of neurons, scientists in other fields should be aware that when using this factor, they'll probably also increase cell proliferation," Kwan said. (scholarsark.com)
Changes in chromatin may help reduce unwanted stem cell proliferation and can be achieved by adding drugs to experimental cultures in Petri dishes, Kwan said. (scholarsark.com)
Ideally, we would change the chromatin state before we start overexpressing NEUROG1 and prevent unwanted stem cell proliferation," he said. (scholarsark.com)

Anatomy88

Organisms27

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Health Care2

Cochlea27

Spiral22

Vestibular6

Sensory hair3

Bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus1

Pathways3

Regenerate6

Synaptic transmission2

Cortex in the temporal2

Patients with auditory neuropathy3

Stimuli5

Single-neuron3

Afferent Neurons4

Otoacoustic emissions2

Neural8

Responses6

Sensorineural2

Signals8

Neuropathy9

Nuclei1

Basilar membrane2

Potentials4

Receptor2

Deafness2

Axon3

Central auditory1

Directly stimulate1

Synapse2

Genetic5

Stereocilia3

Frequencies4

Stimulation3

Stria2

Cortical1

Differentiate3

Review summarizes1

Abnormal1

Neuroscience3

Temporal3

Neuronal processes1

Damage3

Vivo1

Efferent1

Inner ear sensory1

Currents2

Hearing16

Loss2

Canal2

Processes2

System12

Stem13