Auditory afferent. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our lab is using dendritic patch clamp recordings to examine mechanisms of synaptic transmission at this first, critical synapse in the auditory pathway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This is the termination of the afferent auditory pathway after having received fibers from the medial geniculate nucleus. (radiopaedia.org)
This article discusses the anatomy of the auditory pathway (see the following images), as well as a few physiologic considerations and clinical applications. (medscape.com)
Illustration of the auditory reflex pathway. (medscape.com)
Special visceral afferent: These are the afferent fibers from the gustatory pathway. (kypho.com)
Visual afferent: Afferent fibers from visual pathway pass from opticchiasma to supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus via retinohypothalamic tract. (kypho.com)
Olfactory afferent: Fibers from olfactory pathway pass to hypothalamus as medial forebrain bundle. (kypho.com)
The afferent pathway sends information toward the brain and the efferent pathway sends information toward the sensory organs. (finetuned.org)
Just as the brain tells a pianist's fingers how to move, it exerts an influence all along the auditory pathway. (finetuned.org)
As sound travels along an afferent pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex, the signals are constantly being tuned by "downward" influences. (finetuned.org)
2. Nearly all cells exhibited excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) after stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral afferent pathway. (nyu.edu)

As well, the exposure to solvent s can effect the afferent and efferent auditory pathways. (cdc.gov)
Further exploration of these GO terms will provide a clearer picture of the processes involved in compensatory recovery of the cercal escape system in the cricket and can be compared and contrasted with the distinct pathways that have been identified upon deafferentation of the auditory system in this same animal. (biomedcentral.com)

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the primary afferent neurons of the auditory system, and together with their attendant glia, form the auditory nerve. (bvsalud.org)

In particular, sound-evoked spikes in auditory afferent fibers in vivo are phase-locked to sound frequencies up to 5 kHz, but it is not clear how hair cells can handle intracellular Ca 2+ changes with such high speed and efficiency. (jneurosci.org)
Given that phase-locking can be achieved in auditory afferent fibers for frequencies up to ∼5 kHz ( Taberner and Liberman, 2005 ), exocytosis from hair cells must be tightly controlled with sufficient temporal precision required. (jneurosci.org)
The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
These primary auditory fibers exit the modiolus through the internal meatus and enter the medulla oblongata. (medscape.com)
Descending cortical afferent: These are corticohypothalamic fibers descending from frontal lobe of cerebral cortex directly to hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
Hippocampal afferent: Fibers from hippocampus pass along the curved course of fornix to reach mammillary body. (kypho.com)
Afferent from amygdaloid body: These are the fibers of stria terminalis which extend from amygdaloid body around the curve of thalamus to reach hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
Afferent from thalamus: These are fibers reaching hypothalamus from dorsomedial, anterior and midline nuclei of thalamus. (kypho.com)
Afferent from midbrain: These are the fibers from tegmentum of midbrain. (kypho.com)

This presentation will classify ototoxic agents according to their effects on the peripheral or central auditory system both in laboratory animals and humans. (cdc.gov)
We are particularly interested in plastic changes in the brain that compensate for some aspects of altered auditory input, and how those changes relate to central auditory processing deficits, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We found that hearing loss in Df1 /+ mice affected schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes, including electrophysiological measures of central auditory gain and behavioral measures of auditory sensorimotor gating. (biorxiv.org)
In the Df1 /+ mouse model of human 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, we find that hearing loss shapes measures that are considered schizophrenia-relevant endophenotypes, such as central auditory gain and auditory sensorimotor gating. (biorxiv.org)
Acoustic trauma caused by exposure to a very loud sound increases spontaneous activity in central auditory structures such as the inferior colliculus. (edu.au)

The overall goal of the Auditory Brainstem Library is to understand how abnormal auditory input from the ear affects the brainstem, and how the brain in turn affects activity in the ear through efferent feedback loops. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The brainstem is not just a passive relay station for auditory information. (finetuned.org)
Until recently, people assumed that passively evoked ABRs (Auditory Brainstem Responses) reflected one-way processing-that of the afferent, ear-to-brain path. (finetuned.org)
They affect all hubs of auditory processing down to the cochlea, including structures in the auditory midbrain - the primary source of the scalp-recorded complex auditory brainstem response (cABR). (finetuned.org)
PNNs are supposed to control synaptic transmission and are frequently associated with neurons firing at high rates, including principal neurons of auditory brainstem nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we removed the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils using local injections of hyaluronidase (HYase). (nature.com)
Here, we acutely weakened the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) by local microinjections of hyaluronidase (HYase). (nature.com)
Three therapeutic principles are reported in the literature, namely the inhibition of the contralesional motor cortex (e.g. the constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)), activation of the ipsilesional motor cortex (e.g. the mental practice, bimanual therapy, CIMT) and modulation of sensory afferents (e.g. mirror therapy). (lww.com)
Moreover, PV+ inhibitory interneurons, another marker for schizophrenia pathology, were significantly reduced in density in auditory cortex but not secondary motor cortex of Df1 /+ mice with hearing loss. (biorxiv.org)
These results reveal bottom-up neurobiological mechanisms through which peripheral hearing loss arising from the 22q11.2 deletion may promote the emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities, and also suggest a link between conductive hearing loss and reduced PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
Moreover, we report a reduction in density of PV+ inhibitory interneurons in the auditory cortex, but not secondary motor cortex, of Df1 /+ mice with hearing loss. (biorxiv.org)
These results suggest mechanisms through which hearing loss associated with the 22q11.2 deletion may promote emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities and indicate that conductive hearing loss may influence PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
We report that inhibitory afferents from zona incerta project specifically to auditory cortex L1, where they connect selectively to interneurons to disinhibit the cortical circuit and facilitate behavioral memory. (biorxiv.org)
Those influences travel along an efferent network whose paths originate not only in the auditory cortex (darkest shading) but also in nonauditory areas such as the limbic system and cognitive centers of memory and attention. (finetuned.org)

The downward-projecting efferent auditory system has a profound effect. (finetuned.org)

The difference in threshold between contralateral and ipsilateral afferents for lateral stimuli is greatest at 30 kHz and is at least 10-15 dB. (eurekamag.com)
However, how the otolith afferents respond to the naturalistic self-motion stimuli experienced during everyday activities remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
The MMNs resulting from auditory stimuli with passive oddball paradigm in a group of schizophrenics (n = 15), and also a group of age-, sex-, and handedness-matched normal controls, were recorded by 128 channel EEG. (neurotransmitter.net)
These findings support the deficits in preattentive automatic processing of auditory stimuli, especially in the left hemisphere, and indicate the correlation between positive symptoms, especially auditory hallucination, and left temporal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. (neurotransmitter.net)

The adult cricket auditory system is capable of compensating for the unilateral loss of an ear with robust dendritic sprouting of deafferented dendrites followed by de novo synapse formation with the contralateral afferents [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We conclude that, in addition to fast diffusion mediated by mobile Ca 2+ buffer, multiple Ca 2+ extrusion pumps are required for phase-locking at the auditory hair cell ribbon synapse. (jneurosci.org)
To date it remains unclear how exactly the hair cell receptor potential is converted into an afferent firing pattern at this unusual synapse. (jneurosci.org)
While this compensatory plasticity in the auditory system relies on robust dendritic sprouting and novel synapse formation, the compensatory plasticity in the cercal escape circuitry shows little obvious dendritic sprouting and instead may rely on shifts in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. (biomedcentral.com)

Results revealed that wing position plays a factor in threshold sensitivity of the less sensitive auditory neuron A2, but not in the more sensitive neuron A1. (biologists.com)

We have identified a nerve carrying auditory afferents and characterized their physiological responses in the tiger beetle, Cicindela marutha. (eurekamag.com)
Regular and irregular afferents further display different morphological and physiological features (reviewed in Goldberg, 2000 , Cullen, 2012 and Eatock and Songer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Trapani, JG & Nicolson, T 2010, ' Physiological recordings from zebrafish lateral-line hair cells and afferent neurons ', Methods in cell biology , vol. 100, no. (elsevierpure.com)
Despite their likely importance in auditory nerve function and homeostasis, the physiological properties of auditory glial cells have evaded description. (bvsalud.org)

Grothe, B & Sanes, DH 1993, ' Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive ', Journal of neurophysiology , vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1192-1196. (nyu.edu)

Somatic afferent: Exteroceptive sensations, e.g. touch/pressure and pain/temperature sensations are carried via ventral and lateral spinothalamic tracts respectively. (kypho.com)

And finally, route three gets us in the primary afferent auditory and/or vestibular nerve cells. (iflscience.com)
The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)

Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of auditory space in the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
In the superior colliculus, a midbrain nucleus involved in the control of orienting behaviour, visual, auditory, and tactile inputs converge to form superimposed maps of sensory space. (ox.ac.uk)

2. Both male and female auditory afferent responses are sharply tuned to 30 kHz with sensitivities of 50-55 dB SPL. (eurekamag.com)
This unique combination allowed us to describe how afferents respond to slip events and to relate their responses to surface deformations taking place inside their receptive fields. (elifesciences.org)

3. The auditory afferents show little adaptation and accurately code the temporal characteristics of the stimulus with the limit of a resolution of 6-10 ms. 4. (eurekamag.com)
Proper perception of sounds in the environment requires auditory signals to be encoded with extraordinary temporal precision up to tens of microseconds, but how it originates from the hearing organs in the periphery is poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
One hallmark embodying the auditory temporal precision is phase-locking, a phenomenon that the timing of spikes fired by single auditory neurons is synchronized and therefore phase-locked to acoustic cycles ( Heil and Peterson, 2017 ). (jneurosci.org)
The temporal operculum contains Heschl's gyrus which serves as the primary auditory complex. (radiopaedia.org)
Magnitude and temporal progression of wave I amplitude of afferent neurons correlate with susceptibility and resistance to audiogenic seizures. (nih.gov)

Interestingly, hair cell loss was not present in the frequency regions where elevated cochlear thresholds and central hyperactivity were measured, suggesting that subtle changes in hair cell or primary afferent neural function are sufficient for central hyperactivity to be triggered and maintained. (edu.au)
Genomic markers close to the human S1PR2 gene were significantly associated with auditory thresholds in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n? (omicsdi.org)

While this work revealed plasticity in several excitatory brain-wide afferent systems, the existence, connectivity and memory-related signaling of long-range inhibitory input to L1 remains elusive. (biorxiv.org)
Our results therefore pinpoint malleability of long-range (dis)inhibitory afferents to L1 as a key factor for the exquisite computational flexibility of this unique layer. (biorxiv.org)

However, previous studies of Ca 2+ handling in auditory hair cells have often been conducted in immature hair cells, with elevated extracellular Ca 2+ concentration, or through steady-state stimulation that may not be physiologically relevant. (jneurosci.org)
In the absence of stimulation, otolith afferents display differences in the variability of their resting discharge and can be classified as regular or irregular. (elifesciences.org)
Another readout of the hair-cell activity is obtained by recording action currents from single afferent neurons in response to water-jet stimulation of innervated hair cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Very rarely, impacted cerumen or a foreign body in the external auditory canal triggers reflex cough through stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. (msdmanuals.com)

But finally afferent fiber from these centers ascend through reticular formation to reach hypothalamus which is considered as headganglion of autonomic nervous system. (kypho.com)
Therefore, the present results have implications for the processing of interaural time differences by the MSO and at higher auditory centers. (nyu.edu)

The nerve carrying the tympanal afferents is a branch of the dorsal root from the first abdominal ganglion. (eurekamag.com)
1) In connexion with the formation of the acoustic nerve a group of cells becomes separated from the alar lamina of the hind-brain opposite the auditory vesicle. (co.ma)

Human tactile afferents provide essential feedback for grasp stability during dexterous object manipulation. (elifesciences.org)
Using microneurography, we simultaneously recorded the activity of single tactile afferents innervating the fingertips. (elifesciences.org)

Establishing and maintaining the registration of the maps in the face of individual differences in the size and relative positions of different sense organs is an activity-dependent process in which the synaptic circuits underlying the auditory representation are modified and calibrated under the influence of both auditory and visual experience. (ox.ac.uk)

Auditory disturbances such as hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in the ears) have been reported by people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen that causes the disease COVID-19. (iflscience.com)

Using computational methods, we further demonstrated that coupled increases in intrinsic variability and sensitivity accounted for the observed functional differences between afferent classes. (elifesciences.org)

Although much is known about the activation of escape circuitry by the primary afferent inputs that signal approach of predators, such as acoustic,acousticolateralis, visual and mechanosensory inputs, far less is known about how the same circuits are engaged by abiotic stressors such as high or low temperature, or anoxia. (biologists.com)

Research in the Glowatzki Lab focuses on the auditory system, with a particular focus on synaptic transmission in the inner ear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The auditory condition was verified by visual examination of the external ear canal, pure tone audiometry, and tympanometry. (scielo.br)

Computational models of the auditory system. (wikipedia.org)
However, the frequency ranges for which the auditory system can use ITDs and ILDs significantly overlap, and most natural sounds will have both high and low frequency components, so that the auditory system will in most cases have to combine information from both ITDs and ILDs to judge the location of a sound source. (wikipedia.org)
The central nervous system of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus , shows an unusual capacity for compensatory plasticity, most obviously in the auditory system and the cercal escape system. (biomedcentral.com)
Afferent processing in the auditory system is only half of the equation. (finetuned.org)
The auditory system is a two-way street. (finetuned.org)

The AR- nucleus, but not the AR+ nucleus, was here shown to receive a projection from rostral parts of the thalamic auditory nucleus ovoidalis (Ov) and from the nucleus of the tractus ovoidalis (nTOv). (listlabs.com)
No obvious sex differences in either the pattern of AR immunoreactivity or of the afferent projections to the AR- nucleus were observed. (listlabs.com)
General visceral afferent: General sensations from viscera, sense of stretch, compression or distension and pain sensation due to lack of oxygen following ischemia, primarily reach the autonomic center of brain (dorsal nucleus of vagus) and spinal cord (T1 - L2 and S2 - S4 segments). (kypho.com)

Displacement of stereocilia opens ion channels resulting in depolarization and release of transmitter from synapses at the basal end of the cell to terminals of innervating afferent nerves. (washington.edu)

The Gipc3(343A) allele disrupts the structure of the stereocilia bundle and affects long-term function of auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. (nih.gov)

S1PR2 variants associated with auditory function in humans and endocochlear potential decline in mouse. (omicsdi.org)

The significance of these results in terms of the acoustic control of avian reproductive behaviour is discussed, and a comparison with the organization of VMH afferents in lizards suggests a homologous similarity of the caudal telencephalon in sauropsids. (listlabs.com)

We propose that similar to other brain areas, such as the cerebellum and hippocampus, glutamate spillover may play a role in gain control of calyx afferents and contribute to their high-pass properties. (jneurosci.org)
The large posterior (afferent) root is formed by means of a cellular bud from the alar lamina of the hind-brain. (co.ma)
after a tortuous course within the brain its fibres emerge beneath the above-mentioned cellular mass, opposite the auditory vesicle. (co.ma)
In contrast, the map of auditory space is computed within the brain by tuning the neurons to different localization cues that result from the acoustical properties of the head and ears. (ox.ac.uk)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the change of the normal functional hemispheric lateralization in schizophrenia by employing the equivalent current dipole (ECD) model of auditory MMN with individual MRI and high-density electroencephalography (EEG). (neurotransmitter.net)

Given the high density of FA-I afferents in fingerpads, they are well suited to detect incipient slips and to provide essential information for the control of grip force during manipulation. (elifesciences.org)

This allowed us to reveal the Ca 2+ extrusion mechanisms that are required for phase-locking at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we describe methods for recording hair-cell microphonics and activity of afferent neurons using intact zebrafish larvae. (elsevierpure.com)

By contrast, more regular afferents better discriminated between different static head orientations relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)

Previously the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was shown to disrupt generation of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN) and the performance of an 'AX'-type continuous performance test (AX-CPT)--measures of auditory and visual context-dependent information processing--in a similar manner as observed in schizophrenia. (neurotransmitter.net)

Altered hemispheric asymmetry and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: equivalent current dipole of auditory mismatch negativity. (neurotransmitter.net)

The ear of the noctuid moth has only two auditory neurons, A1 and A2, which function in detecting predatory bats. (biologists.com)

while still a faithful representation of afferent processing, it is modulated by the total of an individual's experience with the evoking sound. (finetuned.org)

Pathway11

Pathways2

Neurons of the auditory system1

Fibers9

Central auditory5

Brainstem6

Cortex9

Efferent auditory1

Stimuli4

Contralateral1

Synapse3

Neuron1

Physiological4

Medial1

Somatic1

Vestibular2

Sensory2

Responses2

Temporal5

Thresholds2

Inhibitory2

Stimulation4

Centers2

Nerve2

Tactile2

Organs1

Tinnitus1

Sensitivity1

Primary1

Inner ear1

External ear c1

System5

Nucleus3

Nerves1

Spiral1

Humans1

Behaviour1

Brain4

Functional1

High density1

Hair cell2

Contrast1

Visual1

Schizophrenia1

Function1

Sound1