• The antipsychotics brought hope and optimism to people with schizophrenia and to those who care for them. (cambridge.org)
  • Believing that the atypicals were more efficacious, had fewer side-effects and may even be 'neuroprotective', decreasing the long-term deterioration and negative symptoms often associated with schizophrenia, the authors hypothesised 10 years ago that patients randomised to clozapine would have better long-term outcomes than those randomised to chlorpromazine. (cambridge.org)
  • Clozapine is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions) in people who have not been helped by other medications or who have tried to kill themselves and are likely to try to kill or harm themselves again. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. (nel.edu)
  • Background Treatment effects of conventional approaches with antipsychotics or psychosocial interventions are limited when it comes to reducing negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. (researchgate.net)
  • Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are favored over first-generation antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia with catatonic features (Table),4,5 but no drug in either class has worked for Mr. S. (mhaus.org)
  • Antipsychotic medications are used to treat schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related disorders. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • A systematic literature search was conducted, using PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and OpenGrey databases, to identify all studies which compared treatment-resistant schizophrenia (defined as either a lack of response to two antipsychotic trials or clozapine prescription) to treatment-responsive schizophrenia (defined as known response to non-clozapine antipsychotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the majority of patients with schizophrenia respond to typical or atypical non-clozapine antipsychotics, roughly a third of patients do not respond well and are considered treatment-resistant [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • a 2014 review of clozapine prescription trends concludes that clozapine has consistently remained the gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, with all evidence-based guidelines recommending prescription "after failure of two adequate trials of two different antipsychotic agents" [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We suggest offering clozapine to decrease the risk of death by suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and either suicidal ideation or a history of suicide attempt(s). (va.gov)
  • Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication that has been found to reduce suicidal behaviors in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. (va.gov)
  • This section includes links to training resources about offering clozapine to decrease the risk of death to suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. (va.gov)
  • This section includes links to webinars that are recommended about offering clozapine to decrease the risk of death to suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. (va.gov)
  • Its affinity for these particular receptors indicates that it has the potential to be a broad spectrum antipsychotic, against positive, negative, depressive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. (bionity.com)
  • The aim of our study was to assess the time to 'first improvement' associated with specific atypical (AAP) and typical (TAP) antipsychotic drugs in patients with early-onset schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. (nel.edu)
  • Many schizophrenia-associated DNA methylation differences were only present in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, potentially reflecting exposure to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. (elifesciences.org)
  • The drug, olanzapine (trade name Zyprexa), belongs to a relatively new family of medications called atypical antipsychotics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, paranoia and manic-depressive disorders. (ahrp.org)
  • Clozapine is often effective for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, however, proactive and co-ordinated management is required, which is the primary responsibility of the initiating prescriber. (bpac.org.nz)
  • 1 The medicine was reintroduced following a landmark study in 1988 demonstrating that patients with schizophrenia who were unresponsive to other medicines often found clozapine beneficial. (bpac.org.nz)
  • 2 Since then, clozapine has been shown to be the only medicine to reduce suicidal behaviour in patients with schizophrenia and it is now the medicine of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Clozapine treatment is initiated by a psychiatrist, ideally as soon as treatment-resistant schizophrenia is identified. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Historically, atypical antipsychotics are the first-line therapy for individuals with childhood-onset schizophrenia. (medscape.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug eligible for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. (bvsalud.org)
  • CASE REPORT: We report a case of a young white male suffering from treatment-resistant schizophrenia who rapidly developed eosinophilia after starting clozapine. (bvsalud.org)
  • DISCUSSION: We present a case of a 26-year-old white man diagnosed with schizophrenia with poor clinical response to several antipsychotics owing to which clozapine was started. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine treatment is frequently feared due to its possible side effects and complications, delaying its use in refractory schizophrenia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antipsychotic drugs Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality (psychosis), hallucinations (usually, hearing voices), firmly held false beliefs (delusions), abnormal thinking. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clozapine is increasingly seen as the gold standard for treatment-refractory schizophrenia , although meta-analyses of clozapine for this condition are lacking. (medscape.com)
  • Now a team of investigators [ 1 ] from the University of Queensland, Australia, have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clozapine treatment for people with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. (medscape.com)
  • Clozapine is relatively underutilized in patients who have schizophrenia in the United States, and other recent studies have suggested it should be the treatment of choice for all patients who have had a single failed trial of a different first- or second-generation antipsychotic. (medscape.com)
  • The authors of this meta-analysis concluded that clozapine is superior to other drug treatments for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, but that if there is no response by 6 months, medications with lower adverse reactions should then be considered. (medscape.com)
  • If you are not prescribing clozapine in at least 6-month trials for your patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia, you need to change your practice and start doing so. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Clozapine vs the Rest for Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia - Medscape - Feb 24, 2017. (medscape.com)
  • Clozapine Best Antipsychotic for Schizophrenia? (medscape.com)
  • Patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia on antipsychotic monotherapy ( n = 1007, 817 men) were included and categorized into khat and non-khat users. (who.int)
  • Khat use hinders an individual's response to initial antipsychotic drug treatment for schizophrenia. (who.int)
  • Although and response to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia limited use may not be accompanied by serious conse- patients. (who.int)
  • They may be secondary to medications, including the antipsychotics we use to treat schizophrenia and pretty much any other medical condition. (medscape.com)
  • The inadequate efficacy and adverse effects of antipsychotics severely affect the recovery of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). (cdc.gov)
  • Associations Between Polygenic Risk Score Loading, Psychosis Liability, and Clozapine Use Among Individuals With Schizophrenia. (cdc.gov)
  • Are polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) associated with a psychosis liability spectrum and a clinician's decision to prescribe clozapine? (cdc.gov)
  • Of the 283 cases, 139 (49%) received atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and clozapine) and 133 (47%) were prescribed conventional antipsychotics. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with patients receiving conventional antipsychotics, the risk of diabetes was greatest among patients taking risperidone (hazard ratio [HR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7-5.3), olanzapine (3.7, 95% CI 2.5-5.3), and quetiapine (2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.3). (nih.gov)
  • 2. Hypersensitivity to olanzapine, or history of dyskinesia or extrapyramidal syndrome on atypical neuroleptic. (knowcancer.com)
  • 4. History of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis because patients will be at increased risk for neutropenia with Olanzapine. (knowcancer.com)
  • In addition, the appearance of the atypical antipsychotic drugs (amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone) with different therapeutic and side-effect profiles, has promoted a greater interest in assessing the quality of life of schizophrenic patients. (nih.gov)
  • The CPG lit review found that the quality and consistency of studies was variable, with only one RCT of moderate quality that compared clozapine to an alternative antipsychotic, olanzapine. (va.gov)
  • Iloperidone acts on both dopamine and serotonin receptors, making it a favorable choice against competing drugs clozapine and olanzapine. (bionity.com)
  • With respect to individual drugs, the mean time to first improvement was 7.1 (± 4.1) days for risperidone, 6.7 (± 4.2) days for olanzapine, 6.5 (± 5.2) days for ziprasidone, 6.1 (± 4.4) days for quetiapine, 7.4 (± 3.0) days for clozapine, 5.2 (± 2.4) days for haloperidol, 5.9 (± 3.8) days for perphenazine, and 6.0 (± 3.9) days for sulpiride. (nel.edu)
  • In clinical trials prior to FDA approval: "One in every 145 patients who entered the trials -for risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and a fourth atypical called sertindole-died, and yet those deaths were never mentioned in the scientific literature. (ahrp.org)
  • The atypical antipsychotics clozapine (Clozaril) and quetiapine (Seroquel) may be better tolerated, but they have less evidence of effect. (aafp.org)
  • Other patient numbers were as follows: ziprasidone (16 patients), quetiapine (12 patients), clozapine (7 patients), haloperidol (15 patients), perphenazine (28 patients), and sulpiride (20 patients). (nel.edu)
  • Adjunctive aripiprazole decreased metabolic side effects of clozapine treatment. (nel.edu)
  • Masopust J, Tůma I, Libiger J. Adjunctive aripiprazole decreased metabolic side effects of clozapine treatment. (nel.edu)
  • Whether this effect is a prelude to clozapine agranulocytosis requires further investigation. (unipi.it)
  • We start clozapine, 400 mg/d, and order twice-monthly blood tests to check for clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. (mhaus.org)
  • We assessed adverse event reports for agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for a 1-year time period before (October 2014 to September 2015, pre-REMS) and after (October 2015 to September 2016, post-REMS) the implementation of the clozapine REMS program. (allenpress.com)
  • We report the evidence for associations between pharmacogenetic (PGx) variants and antipsychotics outcomes, including antipsychotic response, antipsychotic-induced weight/BMI gain, metabolic syndrome, antipsychotic-related prolactin levels, antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD), clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CLA), and drug concentration level (pharmacokinetics) in SSD patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies have shown that older adults with dementia (a brain disorder that affects the ability to remember, think clearly, communicate, and perform daily activities and that may cause changes in mood and personality) who take antipsychotics (medications for mental illness) such as clozapine have an increased chance of death during treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Clozapine is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hyperglycemia and antipsychotic medications. (jabfm.org)
  • In the 1990's, new antipsychotic medications were developed. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • These new medications are called second generation, or 'atypical' antipsychotics. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • Reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRR), and corresponding Taylor series 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for hematologic events with clozapine compared with all other medications using OpenEpi. (allenpress.com)
  • Second' generation antipsychotic medications are known as atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD). (bbrfoundation.org)
  • Antipsychotic medications were reviewed to determine their potential and the cause of substitution in association with khat use. (who.int)
  • However, changes in brain GIP levels are most likely unrelated to the metabolic adverse effects (dyslipidemia, type II diabetes, weight gain) associated with clozapine treatment. (mcmaster.ca)
  • These results suggest that adverse metabolic effects associated with clozapine treatment may be related to its ability to increase intestinal gene expression for GIP. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Clozapine is not approved for this condition. (nih.gov)
  • Over 10 years, numerous antipsychotic regimens plus adjunctive valproic acid, 500 mg tid, or lorazepam, up to 2 mg tid, have not lessened Mr. S' psychosis and impulsivity. (mhaus.org)
  • Nowadays, psychosis is normally treated with low doses of antipsychotic medication along with education and support for the person and their family. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • The nondopaminergic antipsychotic pimavanserin (Nuplazid) may reduce psychosis symptoms without worsening motor function. (aafp.org)
  • Clozapine remains superior to other atypical in treating psychosis without worsening motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Clozapine is relatively contraindicated in patients with severe cardiac or renal disorders, or a history of neutropenia, bone-marrow disorders, paralytic ileus, acute substance-induced psychosis or intoxication, circulatory collapse or epilepsy. (bpac.org.nz)
  • When used only in the short term, clozapine was superior for positive and negative symptoms, with higher baseline psychosis scores predicting better outcomes for clozapine. (medscape.com)
  • Haloperidol is a high-potency antipsychotic of the butyrophenone class that is available in tablet, solution, and injectable forms. (medscape.com)
  • No doubt there are differences between different individual antipsychotic drugs in terms of potency, efficacy and side-effects. (cambridge.org)
  • Where is the evidence that there is a unifying chemical structure for, or a clinically important difference in, the efficacy or effectiveness of 'neuroleptics', 'major tranquillisers', and 'conventional', 'typical', 'atypical', 'first-generation' and 'second-generation' antipsychotics? (cambridge.org)
  • Clozapine dosing ideally starts low and is slowly titrated upwards over three weeks to minimise adverse effects, usually to a daily maintenance dose of 300-450 mg. 7 Some patients may require higher doses, with a maximum daily dose of 900 mg. 7 A therapeutic response may take some time to develop, therefore 12 months of continuous treatment is recommended before deciding on the efficacy of clozapine. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Although little difference in the efficacy of individual typical antipsychotics is observed, a difference in the adverse effect profile is noted. (medscape.com)
  • However, although clozapine effectively delayed disease onset and reduced the severity of EAE, the therapeutic effect of clozapine was not associated with impaired capacity to induce antigen specific Th1 or Th17 responses in the periphery. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • This thesis demonstrated that clozapine treatment protects from EAE by a multi-faceted immunological mechanism that likely involves modifying multiple pathways and cell types during EAE and may be of therapeutic benefit to MS patients in the progressive stages of disease. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • We found that clozapine, within the therapeutic concentration range, potently and selectively inhibits PMN chemotaxis induced by interleukin 8 (IL-8), a chemokine inducing neutrophil migration. (unipi.it)
  • Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with unique pharmacological and therapeutic properties. (mcmaster.ca)
  • In general, it appears there is some evidence to favour clozapine over other agents but the difference isn't great and as with virtually all of medicine one has to intermingle the available evidence with a good dose of art to make a beautiful therapeutic picture. (therapeuticseducation.org)
  • Repeated occurrence of clozapine-induced myocarditis in a patient with schizoaffective disorder and comorbid Parkinson's disease. (nel.edu)
  • Masopust J, Urban A, Valis M, Malý R, Tůma I, Hosák L. Repeated occurrence of clozapine-induced myocarditis in a patient with schizoaffective disorder and comorbid Parkinson's disease. (nel.edu)
  • Iloperidone , also known as Zomaril , is an investigational atypical antipsychotic . (bionity.com)
  • Twenty-one papers with 25 comparison treatments were included, and the researchers found that clozapine was superior for treating positive symptoms in both the short and long term. (medscape.com)
  • Clozapine is available only through a restricted program called the Clozapine REMS ( 5.2 ). (nih.gov)
  • A program has been set up by the manufacturers of clozapine to be sure that people do not take clozapine without the necessary monitoring called the Clozapine Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) Program. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor and your pharmacist must be registered with the Clozapine REMS program, and your pharmacist will not dispense your medication unless he or she has received the results of your blood tests. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In October 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) instituted an update to the mandatory Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program for clozapine to improve safety monitoring of hematologic events. (allenpress.com)
  • However, the impact of the clozapine REMS program on reporting of hematologic adverse events has not been quantified. (allenpress.com)
  • We observed significant increases in reports of hematologic adverse events with clozapine after the introduction of the clozapine REMS program. (allenpress.com)
  • Antipsychotic metabolic effects: weight gain, diabetes mellitus, and lipid abnormalities. (jabfm.org)
  • The primary care team can improve safety through monitoring and management of constipation, neutropenia, metabolic effects and cardiac toxicity, and being aware of medicines which may interact with clozapine or exacerbate its adverse effects. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been associated with metabolic changes that may increase cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk. (nih.gov)
  • Data from clinical trials reviewed in this article fulfill predictions based on preclinical findings that atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with a reduced potential for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)and other movement disorders. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Atypical drugs have been shown to reduce all subtypes of acute EPS, the frequency of EPS-related patient dropouts, and the need for concomitant antiparkinsonian drug use. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Although the risk of developing lethal neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be diminished with atypical drugs, clinicians must remain alert to the signs of this disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Analysis revealed a significant group level trend indicating that typical antipsychotic drugs have faster onsets of action than atypical antipsychotic drugs. (nel.edu)
  • Since they arrived on the market in the 1990s, the so-called 'atypicial' antipsychotic drugs have been wrapped in controversy and promotional hype by drug companies and their paid professional spin masters who made bald claims about their "favorable side effect profile" referring to them as "breakthrough" "miracle" drugs that "balance the chemistry" in the brain. (ahrp.org)
  • According to the Duke researchers, many cases of diabetes have also been reported with other antipsychotic drugs. (ahrp.org)
  • Newer antipsychotic drugs (commonly called atypical or 2nd-generation antipsychotics) are now commonly used as initial treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For people who do not respond to other antipsychotic drugs, clozapine is being increasingly used. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To quantify the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with atypical antipsychotics compared with conventional antipsychotics in managed care Medicaid patients with bipolar disorder. (nih.gov)
  • Atypicals have reduced liability for inducing tardive dyskinesia (TD) and show antidyskinetic properties in patients with preexisting TD. (psychiatrist.com)
  • They are also called conventional 'typical' antipsychotics. (ementalhealth.ca)
  • Although the presence of hallucinations in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies might increase administration of neuroleptics, the dopamine dysfunction involved means that typical antipsychotic use may worsen or precipitate symptoms of Parkinson disease. (aafp.org)
  • Onset of action of atypical and typical antipsychotics in the treatment of adolescent schizophrenic psychoses. (nel.edu)
  • the antipsychotic effects are thought to be mediated principally by 5-HT2A/2C and dopamine receptor blockade (Ki values are 21, 170, 170, 230 and 330 nM for D4, D3, D1, D2 and D5 receptors respectively). (fishersci.com)
  • The only evidence-based treatment for these patients is clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic with relatively weak dopamine antagonism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug, with a much lower tendency to cause extrapyramidal side effects than conventional neuroleptics. (fishersci.com)
  • Liebzeit KA, Markowitz JS, Caley CF. New onset diabetes and atypical antipsychotics. (jabfm.org)
  • Clozapine monotherapy has shown effectiveness in catatonic schizophrenia7 and might be an option after other antipsychotics have failed. (mhaus.org)
  • Atypicals may be selectively advantageous in treating schizophrenic patients with a predisposition to catatonia. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Both case and control patients had at least a 3-month exposure to either conventional or atypical antipsychotic agents or three filled prescriptions related to treatment for bipolar disorder. (nih.gov)
  • Although clozapine may be better tolerated, there were no differences on primary outcome measures, including time to remission, time spent in remission and symptom severity, by 12 months and at 9 years' follow-up. (cambridge.org)
  • Severe Neutropenia: Clozapine can cause severe neutropenia, which can lead to serious and fatal infections. (nih.gov)
  • Patients taking clozapine should be monitored for symptoms and signs of cardiac toxicity and neutropenia. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Clozapine may cause myocarditis (swelling of the heart muscle that may be dangerous) or cardiomyopathy (enlarged or thickened heart muscle that stops the heart from pumping blood normally). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Myocarditis is a rare but life threatening adverse effect of clozapine. (nel.edu)
  • Clozapine is an atypical (second generation) antipsychotic, first used in the 1960s and subsequently withdrawn after it was linked to a number of deaths. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Undesirable alterations in lipids have occurred in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the introduction of new antipsychotics and improved access to Clozapine over the last 50 or so years, the clinical outcome for people with schizophreniform illnesses has shown little demonstrable improvement. (who.int)
  • It is plausible that varying degrees of response to antipsychotics reflect categorically distinct illness subtypes, which would have significant implications for research and clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is characterized by the presence of sexual arousal or pleasure when playing childhood roles or using objects proper of childhood.Objective: We intend to describe a clinical case, with a focus on the atypical profile of sexual interests and behaviors comprising paraphilic infantilism and sadomasochism phenomena. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, this thesis also has relevance to psychiatry as it demonstrates that clozapine has potential to alter cellular immune responses. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • In the depressive subtype, combinations of antidepressants plus an antipsychotic are used. (medscape.com)
  • In the manic subtype, combinations of mood stabilizers plus an antipsychotic are used. (medscape.com)
  • Clozapine is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of behavior problems in older adults with dementia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 5 Clozapine has several black box warnings regarding potential severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hematologic abnormalities. (allenpress.com)
  • In 1994, a Duke team first reported a Diabetes link to the first 'atypical' antipsychotic drug, clozapine: last year, 384 reports of diabetes last year were associated with clozapine. (ahrp.org)
  • Antipsychotic use may be warranted after failure of behavioral interventions in many types of dementia, but it can cause significant problems in others. (aafp.org)
  • There are significant challenges to clozapine use in elderly or homeless patients because of the medication's side effects and difficulties in required monitoring. (va.gov)
  • 3 However, due to the risk of serious adverse effects, e.g. significant constipation, blood dyscrasias, metabolic and cardiac toxicity, clozapine is limited to treatment-resistant patients and the initiating prescriber needs to ensure that careful monitoring occurs. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Clozapine may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting when you stand up, especially when you first start taking it or when your dose is increased. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of clozapine and gradually increase your dose to give your body time to adjust to the medication and decrease the chance that you will experience this side effect. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor will probably tell you to restart your treatment with a low dose of clozapine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • criteria [ 6 ], a consistent minimum requirement for a diagnosis of treatment-resistance is two periods of treatment with different antipsychotics at adequate dose (variously defined), each for at least 4 weeks, without at least a 20% reduction in symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Instead, disease protection by clozapine was associated with a suppressed state of activation in CNS resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes assessed by flow cytometric measurement of activation associated receptor expression. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • Talk to the doctor who prescribed clozapine if you, a family member, or someone you care for has dementia and is taking this medication. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although patients with dementia with Lewy bodies may experience higher rates of adverse effects such as falls, those who tolerate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors show improved cognition, improved activities of daily living, and reduced behavioral disturbance, some of the very goals of antipsychotic use. (aafp.org)
  • For the past 15-20 years, most psychiatrists, like Girgis et al , have held the view that the atypical antipsychotics are more efficacious and safe than the older typicals. (cambridge.org)
  • Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic to date, but its benefits are counterbalanced by the risk of severe hematological effects. (unipi.it)
  • Severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions have occurred with the use of clozapine. (nih.gov)
  • It is considered as an 'atypical' antipsychotic that is less likely to cause movement disorders in patients when compared to tradition methods of psychotic treatment. (bionity.com)
  • Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed de 1980 à 2021 en utilisant diverses combinaisons de termes MeSH comme tabac, diabète, hypertension, dyslipidémie, trouble dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie. (who.int)