• The scenarios can be illustrated below in a similar table to above: When making decisions, attentional biases toward positive stimuli have been associated with numerous positive outcomes, such as increased social engagement, increased prosocial behaviour, decreased externalizing disorders, and decreased emotionally withdrawn behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, for subliminal threat stimuli, the anxious group showed a greater vigilance, which implies an anxiety-related bias on the subconscious level. (wikipedia.org)
  • As stated earlier individuals' attentional biases are influenced by subliminal stimuli, so in the smoker's case, they are more subject to substance-related stimuli such as observing other smokers or noticing ads for cigarettes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes of attentional bias in individual participants the effects did not generalize to untrained stimuli. (hindawi.com)
  • Results show that while impulsive people exhibit both forms of bias towards tempting stimuli, it is their inability to disengage attention from such temptations that drives the extent to which they subsequently indulge themselves. (acrwebsite.org)
  • The dot-probe task (DPT), a commonly used reaction time-based measure, was adapted to include images between each trial of the task to test the effects of these images on attentional biases for appearancerelated word stimuli. (edu.au)
  • The three experiments presented used continuous-flash suppression (CFS) to mask body stimuli, thereby hoping to gain insight into attentional capture of unseen images and its relation to anti-fat attitudes. (du.edu)
  • Published in: Cognition and Emotion, Volume 32, Issue 2, 275-285 Abstract "Attention is biased towards threat-related stimuli. (escresearch.ca)
  • The attentional bias was observed when stimuli were presented either for 1500 ms (Experiment 1) or 500 ms (Experiment 2). (escresearch.ca)
  • Participants completed two tasks: 1) Attentional Bias (AB), comparing reaction times towards visual probes presented behind 28 target stimuli (cannabis/food) compared with probes behind corresponding non-target (neutral) stimuli. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • During the AB task, participants were more biased towards cannabis stimuli in the 0:1 condition compared with baseline (mean difference=12.2, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]=1.20-23.3, d=0.41, p=0.03). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • It does so by: i) examining the relationship between smoking attentional bias and smoking status, ii) examining whether smoking attentional bias is automatic, iii) examining whether smoking attentional bias stems from the affective relationship of smoking stimuli, and iv) examining the interaction between smoking attentional bias and cognitive control. (kent.ac.uk)
  • The findings also show evidence that smoking attentional bias is automatic in early stages of attentional processing and that it is unrelated to the explicit affective ratings of stimuli or smoking behaviour measures. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, it suggests that interventions which decrease the salience of smoking and decrease the exposure to smoking stimuli and anxiety will be more effective in reducing smoking attentional bias during quit attempts. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, heightened trait anxiety resulted in increased attentional dwell-time on emotional facial stimuli, relative to neutral faces. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In Experiment 3, threat-related and jumbled facial stimuli reduced the magnitude of IOR for high, but not for low, trait-anxious participants.These results suggest that: (i) attentional bias in anxiety may reflect a difficulty in disengaging from threat-related and emotional stimuli, and (ii) threat-related and ambiguous cues can influence the magnitude of the IOR effect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, when the stress was evaluated as a challenge, a stress-is-enhancing mindset produced sharper increases in positive affect, heightened attentional bias towards positive stimuli, and greater cognitive flexibility, whereas a stress-is-debilitating mindset produced worse cognitive and affective outcomes. (researchgate.net)
  • A mixed ANOVA was run to determine whether participants' RTs to alcohol-related stimuli, "rather than to neutral sitmuli," slowed significantly after the alcohol interference tasks, relative to the neutral interference task, suggesting an alcohol attentional bias had been induced by the social priming exercise . (bvsalud.org)
  • At present, most of the researches on attention bias of social anxiety use stimulus materials such as word pairs and face pairs, while only a few scholars use non-social cue pictures such as household items in daily life as reference stimuli for research. (scirp.org)
  • Two studies examine the role of attentional biases for indulgences among impulsive and non-impulsive people in explaining consumption behavior. (acrwebsite.org)
  • A large body of previous research has provided support for the role of attentional bias as a maintaining factor in addiction. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Findings support the role of attentional bias as a potential maintaining factor in problem gambling behaviour, in line with evidence for substance addiction. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Although previous studies have explored the moderating role of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and depression, no studies have studied the moderating role of attentional control in the relationship between empathy and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the treatment actually exerts an effect on attentional bias to threat, the presumed mechanism of action. (hindawi.com)
  • The association between attentional bias for threat (ABT) and anxiety has conventionally been studied from the information-processing approach, via research traditions adapted from the field of cognitive psychology. (edu.au)
  • Results found that for those completing the supraliminal task first, attentional avoidance of supraliminal threat words was associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, negative current mood, and an avoidant coping style. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In contrast, bias towards subliminal threat words was associated with depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, avoidant coping and negative mood, and less primary control coping. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Theoretical models and empirical research suggest that biased attention toward threat-relevant information is an important factor in the maintenance of SAD. (temple.edu)
  • However, relatively little is known about the role of attention bias to threat in the development of SAD, and evidence is inconclusive with regard to whether attention biases lead to increases in anxiety over time. (temple.edu)
  • Finally, a few studies have shown that attention bias to threat predicts stress reactivity, but these studies have only been conducted in unselected samples rather than with individuals at risk for developing SAD. (temple.edu)
  • Thus, the aims of this study were to examine the moderating effects of risk for SAD and attentional control on the relationships between attention bias to threat and (1) psychological and biological social stress reactivity and (2) development of SAD. (temple.edu)
  • The primary aim of the study was to examine the aforementioned relationships using attention bias to threat as assessed using the modified probe detection task (MPDT). (temple.edu)
  • Correlational analyses indicated that attention bias to threat on the MPDT was associated with concurrent self-reported social anxiety but did not prospectively predict psychological or biological social stress reactivity, self-reported social anxiety, or SAD diagnostic status at the end of the first year in college. (temple.edu)
  • Hierarchical regression analyses supported the hypothesized double moderation for concurrent social anxiety, such that high levels of attentional control weakened the association between attention bias toward threat and social anxiety, only among the individuals at high risk for SAD. (temple.edu)
  • Attentional Bias for Threat: Evidence for Delayed Disengagement from Emotional Faces. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Unreliability as a threat to understanding psychopathology: the cautionary tale of attentional bias. (huji.ac.il)
  • In the research reported here, ninety-five undergraduates completed a body in the crowd task analogous to the face in the crowd task, to examine whether attentional biases for threat existed for schematic body postures. (uea.ac.uk)
  • These findings are the first to establish threat biases using body postures in a visual search paradigm. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The current study investigated the effects of an 8-week mindfulness-based meditation training (MMT) intervention on attentional bias, engagement and disengagement of pain-related threat in fibromyalgia patients as compared to an age-matched control group. (virginia.edu)
  • A well validated dot-probe task was used to explore early versus later stages of attentional processing through the use of two stimulus exposure durations (100, 500 ms) of pain-related threat words. (virginia.edu)
  • Furthermore, it appears that effects of MMT on early attentional threat processing do not remain stable after long-term follow-up. (virginia.edu)
  • The Threat of Appearing Prejudiced and Race-based Attentional Biases," by Jennifer A. Richeson, associate professor of psychology and African-American studies and faculty fellow at the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) at Northwestern, and Sophie Trawalter, post-doctoral fellow, IPR, recently appeared in the journal Psychological Science. (eurekalert.org)
  • Maternal anxiety predicts attentional bias towards threat in infancy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Changes in attentional dwell time on threat were also examined. (nih.gov)
  • As expected, the anxious and depressed groups showed an attentional bias towards negative words compared to the normal control group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unexpectedly, all groups showed an attentional bias towards happy faces relative to neutral ones. (edu.au)
  • Attention bias modification (ABM) is a new treatment for affective disorders. (hindawi.com)
  • These attentional bias modification (ABM) procedures intend to reduce or even reverse patients' habitual tendency to direct their attention towards negative information. (hindawi.com)
  • The end goal was to identify theoretically-relevant mediators and/or moderators of the ABT-anxiety link which may ultimately serve to refine the design of attentional bias modification programs, in which significant effort has been invested in the search for novel ways to treat and prevent anxiety. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, a modification of the task is proposed to enable the assessment of all components of attentional bias in patients with eating disorders. (ed.gov)
  • Attentional bias modification (ABM) represents one of a number of cognitive bias modification techniques which are beginning to show promise as therapeutic interventions for emotional pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present paper seeks to put these ABM failures in perspective within the broader context of attentional bias modification research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Attentional bias modification (ABM) is an emerging treatment approach designed to alter patterns of attentional selectivity favouring the processing of threatening information that are implicated in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, most notably anxiety disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the old scientific truism reminds us not to mistake absence of evidence as evidence of absence, a recent review of ABM research appears to have made such a mistake in suggesting that current empirical findings provide reason to believe that attentional bias modification has little potential as a therapeutic tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emmelkamp's review suggests that this same phenomenon may apply to those who profess to believe the validity of empirical findings regarding the clinical benefits of attentional bias modification, who choose to do so despite the absence of objective evidence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, Emmelkamp goes so far as to conclude that that the weight of current empirical evidence suggests that "…there is no need yet to investigate the implementation of attentional bias modification through the internet" (p1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Attentional bias modification for reducing energy drink consumption. (edu.au)
  • They then underwent an attentional bias modification protocol where they were trained to direct their attention away from pictures of energy drink cans. (edu.au)
  • At a practical level, more extensive training may be required beyond the single session used here to ascertain the potential scope of attentional bias modification as an intervention for reducing energy drink consumption. (edu.au)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Attentional bias modification for reducing energy drink consumption. (edu.au)
  • This study compared the efficacy of gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT), an eye-tracking-based attention bias modification treatment, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment or a waiting list control condition in reducing social anxiety disorder symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Eye-tracking-based attention bias modification is an acceptable and effective treatment option for social anxiety disorder. (nih.gov)
  • This study tested whether entirely internet-delivered interpretation training [cognitive bias modification (CBM)] versus control promotes positive interpretations and reduces worry and anxiety in individua. (researchgate.net)
  • Ameliorating negative interpretations via cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) reduces worry/rumination, and improves mood in people diagnos. (researchgate.net)
  • Recently, cognitive bias modification (CBM) procedures have shown that such negative biases are causally related to emotional vulnerability. (researchgate.net)
  • A double-blind, randomised, crossover study among infrequent cannabis users found that inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol increased attentional bias towards cannabis in the absence of explicit liking, a marker of liability towards cannabis use disorder. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • In an exploratory analysis, the relationships were examined using an index of attention disengagement bias assessed with the Posner spatial cueing task (PSCT). (temple.edu)
  • Published in: Cognition and Emotion, Volume 32, Issue 2, 422-430 Abstract "Biases towards negative information, as well as away from positive information, are associated with psychopathology. (escresearch.ca)
  • Findings suggest that when primed by consciously available cues, strategic coping processes may influence attentional biases at both supraliminal and subliminal levels of presentation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The present paper reports three new experiments suggesting that the valence of a face cue can influence attentional effects in a cueing paradigm. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Farr, Z , Broomfield, NM & Coventry, KR 2023, ' A systematic review of attentional bias in problem gambling ', Journal of Gambling Studies . (uea.ac.uk)
  • Our results point to an early attentional mechanism that orients attention away from female expressions of pain. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Attentional bias refers to how a person's perception is affected by selective factors in their attention. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods: Fifty-three adults (26 females) completed a visual dot-probe task, to measure selective attentional biases to facial expressions of pain and fear. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Attentional bias has also been associated with clinically relevant symptoms such as anxiety and depression. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this research gap, the present study investigated the moderating roles of rumination and attentional control in the relationship between empathy and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rumination and attentional shift moderated the relationship between emotional empathy and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, the lower rumination or the higher attentional shift, the stronger the negative association between emotional empathy and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Attentional shift moderated the relationship between cognitive empathy and depression, and cognitive empathy was significantly associated with depression only among participants whose attentional shift is high. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study showed that rumination and attentional shift play important roles in the relationship between empathy and depression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Attentional Bias in Depression and Anxiety:The Eff. (cmich.edu)
  • Early perceptual processes, such as conscious awareness and visual attention, may be biased based on the weight of the perceived or the perceiver, or any number of individual perceiver characteristics regarding weight-biased attitudes and experiences. (du.edu)
  • Using a dual-process framework, we tested the prediction that energy drink consumption is in part driven by automatic cognitive processes (attentional bias), with a view to modifying this bias to reduce consumption. (edu.au)
  • Examining biases in multiple processes has been theorised to be more predictive than examining bias in any process alone. (escresearch.ca)
  • In three experiments, we investigated the mechanisms, processes, and time course of this processing bias. (escresearch.ca)
  • Also, only one study has examined attentional control as a potential factor moderating this relationship despite long-held assertions that "control over cognitive processes" may be an important individual difference factor determining the strength of the relationship between attention bias and development of excessive anxiety. (temple.edu)
  • Conclusions: There is utility in exploring the attentional processes involved in the decoding of pain-related expressions to understand the influence of sex and gender differences in pain. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Can we change automatic processes: the influence of social priming on alcohol attentional bias. (bvsalud.org)
  • These biases affect belief formation, reasoning processes, business and economic decisions, and human behavior in general. (leanpub.com)
  • Individuals with high levels of worry are more likely than others to attend to possible threats, although the extent of top-down attentional control processes on this bias is unknown. (researchgate.net)
  • Jenny's research interests centre around emotion processing biases in psychopathology and she is currently working on novel digital therapies to alleviate the symptoms of mental distress. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • However, few relationships among supraliminal or subliminal bias and coping or affect were evident when participants completed the subliminal task first. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We asked whether this UVF advantage is due to an upward bias in participants' visuospatial attention. (edu.au)
  • As a result, we can conclude that while we did not induce an alcohol-specific bias in participants, we did discover a generalised interference effect, following alcohol-related social priming tasks. (bvsalud.org)
  • Study participants indicated that they worry about inadvertently getting in trouble for somehow seeming biased. (eurekalert.org)
  • [13] According to the model, underlying cognitions or subjective judgments are identical with noise or objective observations that can lead to overconfidence or what is known as conservatism bias-when asked about behavior participants underestimate the majority or larger group and overestimate the minority or smaller group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spatial biases in inhibition of return. (uni-trier.de)
  • 1] Because symptoms can vary depending on which spatial brain systems are affected, the authors suggest that a uniform, patient-centered definition of spatial neglect should be defined by spatial bias causing functional disability. (medscape.com)
  • For individuals with high trait anxiety, there was strong evidence for an attentional bias favoring threatening facial expressions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a second study, I provide additional evidence for the process by showing that such attentional biases are reflected in more intense approach reactions towards temptations. (acrwebsite.org)
  • In summary, the findings show strong evidence for smoking attentional bias in smokers and the presence of smoking attentional bias in smokers attempting to quit under certain conditions. (kent.ac.uk)
  • There is also evidence that smoking attentional bias can be manipulated. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Results: No evidence was found for sex-related attentional biases towards pain or fear. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Investigating attentional control sets: Evidence for the compilation of multi-feature control sets. (uni-trier.de)
  • For example, cigarette smokers have been shown to possess an attentional bias for smoking-related cues around them, due to their brain's altered reward sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research from the past two decades has established that addictive behaviour is strongly correlated to the attentional bias for substance-related cues, in how the latter characterizes the former. (wikipedia.org)
  • The experiment illustrates the influence of attentional bias on environmental smoking cues and how these could contribute to a smokers' inability to quit. (wikipedia.org)
  • 18-25 years) who regularly consume energy drinks completed the dot probe task to measure attentional bias for energy drink cues. (edu.au)
  • Regular energy drink consumers showed an attentional bias for energy drink cues. (edu.au)
  • For example, in the static attentional bias model, Clark and Well proposed the avoidance hypothesis, believing that individuals with social anxiety disorder would enter self-focused attention in social situations, thus inhibiting the processing of external cues (Clark & Wells, 1995) . (scirp.org)
  • The normalcy bias [5] refers to the fact that our intuitions cause us to feel that the future, at least in the short and medium term of the next couple of years, will function in roughly the same way as the past: normally. (lifehack.org)
  • One of the most recent of these was the randomised control trial by Carlbring and colleagues [ 2 ] which failed to modify biased attention and anxiety symptoms among a group of socially anxious individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cognitive behavior model of social anxiety points out that attention bias is a key factor in the maintenance of social anxiety symptoms, and it has been proved by extensive studies (Mogg & Bradley, 2018) . (scirp.org)
  • We tested if this attentional bias (AB) is predictive offuture recurrence of depressive episodes and/or having depressive symptoms at 2- and 4-year follow-up. (rug.nl)
  • Finding that combined biases are associated with anhedonia would advance knowledge of the nature of emotional processing biases and the value of objective performance-based measures for identifying early risk markers. (escresearch.ca)
  • Attentional bias in emotional disorders. (rocklandsample.org)
  • e.g., worry and rumination) is common across emotional disorders, as is the tendency to generate negative interpretations (interpretation bias). (researchgate.net)
  • One example is biased attentional processing of emotional. (researchgate.net)
  • This study investigated relations among affective distress, voluntary coping strategies, and attentional biases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This thesis examines the presence of smoking attentional bias across smokers, smokers attempting to quit, and never-smokers and the role that affect, automaticity and cognitive control play in smoking attentional biases. (kent.ac.uk)
  • However, analyses did not support this relationship in predicting prospective outcomes, and several unexpected patterns emerged in which interactions between attention bias and attentional control were observed to predict prospective outcomes, but only among individuals at low risk for developing SAD. (temple.edu)
  • Patterns of attentional biases were eliminated when the faces were smiling. (eurekalert.org)
  • Following a post-training assessment of attentional bias, energy drink consumption was measured by an ostensible taste test. (edu.au)
  • Suresh Ramanathan (2009) ,'Why One Can'T Stop Looking At That Temptation: Dynamics of Attentional Biases in Self-Control Dilemmas', in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 36, eds. (acrwebsite.org)
  • The unreliability of self-report measures in eating disorders due to strong denial of illness gave rise to experimental studies inspired by research into anxiety disorders involving attentional bias, with the prevalent method being a modified color-naming Stroop task. (ed.gov)
  • Unfortunately, due to the absence of studies providing a reliable account of all types of attentional bias in eating disorders, this field of research lags considerably behind anxiety research and does not enable therapeutic applications. (ed.gov)
  • Limited research has investigated appearance-related attentional biases in men. (edu.au)
  • Yang, Q. and Liu, Y. (2020) Research on Attention Bias Characteristics under the Consciousness Threshold of Individuals with Social Anxiety. (scirp.org)
  • For several years now there has been an increasingly widespread use of so-called attentional training employing, amongst others, the dot probe task, which may be modified for the purpose of reducing or eliminating of attentional biases in patients with eating disorders. (ed.gov)
  • Finally, it presents seven empirical studies which examine the role of abstinence, affect, automaticity and cognitive control in relation to smoking attentional bias. (kent.ac.uk)
  • However, for men who completed the appearance-cued DPT, attentional biases for positive-appearance words correlated with a range of state experiences, including greater levels of muscularity and appearance dissatisfaction and poorer confidence and mood. (edu.au)
  • It then examines previous findings in relation to abstinence, affect, automaticity and cognitive control and their role in smoking attentional bias. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Shi, Yiquan (2009): The neural correlates of rule implementation and attentional bias in the task-cuing paradigm. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Antisaccade task reaction time and accuracy rate, Attention Network Test executive control score, and total score on the Attentional Control Scale). (temple.edu)
  • Attentional biases using the body in the crowd task: Are angry body postures detected more rapidly? (uea.ac.uk)
  • Let's learn more about our human biases to make less biased conclusions in the future. (leanpub.com)
  • The scope of the review included empirical studies making experimental comparisons of problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers across a range of attentional paradigms. (uea.ac.uk)
  • A mediation analysis that supported the proposed working mechanism, the reduction of attentional bias for negative information over the course of treatment, was associated with eventual reduction in symptomatology. (hindawi.com)
  • To test the hypothesis that negative interpretation bias contributes to worry and rumination, we assessed the effects of inducing more positive interpretations in re. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Cognitive models propose that an attentional bias to negative information (ABNI) plays a key role in the aetiology and maintenance of high trait anxiety. (edu.au)
  • Notably, there is also a difference in attention biases between anxious and depressed individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TAU-NIMH Attention Bias Measurement Toolbox. (rocklandsample.org)
  • First-year college students at low or high risk for developing SAD completed assessments of attention bias, attentional control, and anxiety during their first month of college. (temple.edu)
  • Likewise, exploratory analyses using the PSCT index of attention bias revealed unexpected interactions between risk group, attention bias, and attentional control. (temple.edu)
  • Considered together, results of the current study highlight the importance of considering individual differences in attention bias and attentional control in the maintenance and development of SAD. (temple.edu)
  • Attentional control was represented by four indices, analyzed in separate regression analyses given their weak bivariate associations (i.e. (temple.edu)
  • In contrast, findings regarding the relationship between explicit anti-fat bias and attentional capture were inconsistent across studies. (du.edu)
  • Further, I investigate whether these biases affect the incidence and extent of impulsive behavior. (acrwebsite.org)
  • This systematic review aimed to investigate the extent and nature of attentional bias as a phenomenon which exists within problem gamblers. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The thesis begins by describing theoretical models of attentional bias in addictions and the approaches taken to measure addiction-related attentional bias. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Recognition bias and the physical attractiveness stereotype. (lu.se)
  • To test how attentional bias and explicit liking are influenced by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and whether these effects are moderated by cannabidiol (CBD). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Attentional biases for positive- and negative-appearance words did not differ for men who completed the three DPT versions. (edu.au)
  • This study examined the effects of priming on attentional biases in men and whether the biases were associated with body image. (edu.au)
  • Attentional bias was demonstrated in 16 of the 22 studies, with attentional bias effects varying across paradigms. (uea.ac.uk)