ScopolamineHyoscyamineAcetylcholineHigh doses of atropineCompletely inhibitedMuscarinic receptorsNicotinicFound to inhibitSulfate monohydrateSignificantly inhibitedReceptorsMicroMAntidotesCholinesteraseInhibitionMyopiaHypersensitivityParasympatheticMecamylamineReversiblyRetinaSynthesisDilatesAnticholinergicDrugsTachycardiaMotilityOrganophosphorusBradycardiaAutoinjectorMechanismDosesPathwayContractionStimulationInhibitoryContact lensesEffectExposureSecretinEffectsDosageDiagnosisOphthalmicEffectively
Scopolamine6
- The muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, scopolamine and PZ inhibited the binding of [3H]QNB and [3H]PZ to solubilized receptors with Hill slopes of 1, as did the muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Tropane alkaloids include three important ones from our perspective - atropine, scopolamine , and hyoscyamine . (allaboutheaven.org)
- Atropine, scopolamine , and hyoscyamine are the most powerful known anticholinergics in existence. (allaboutheaven.org)
- 4. Pretreatment (30 min) with the non-selective muscarinic antagonists scopolamine (0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and atropine (0.3, 1 or 3 mg kg(-1), s.c.) but not methylatropine (1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1), s.c) significantly inhibited stretching induced by Ro 04-6790 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). 5. (lookformedical.com)
- Scopolamine crosses the skin very effectively and inhibits pain. (shaman-australis.com)
- It is not known if Scopolamine inhibits these pain interactions. (shaman-australis.com)
Hyoscyamine4
- The plant contains high levels of the alkaloids atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine, which inhibit the movement of smooth muscles in the intestines and the secretion of saliva. (farmersweekly.co.za)
- Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. (lookformedical.com)
- Hyoscyamine and Atropine do not efficiently cross the skin. (shaman-australis.com)
- Only the 1: 1 mixture of ( R ) - and ( S ) -hyoscyamine is called atropine (see Cahn-Ingold-Prelog convention for naming). (zxc.wiki)
Acetylcholine8
- Note that this circuit is not activated by acetylcholine, which is of particular importance because the administration of atropine will not block the vagal stimulation of the G cells, as ACh is not the neurotransmitter for these cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Atropine works by competitively occupying muscarinic receptor sites, thus reducing the effects of excessive acetylcholine on these sites brought about by cholinesterase inhibition. (cdc.gov)
- Treatment relies heavily on the use of high doses of atropine to block muscarinic receptor overactivation by acetylcholine (ACh) build up due to OP-induced block of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). (nih.gov)
- Atropine is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5. (allaboutheaven.org)
- Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) is an anticholineric agent (related to atropine) that inhibits the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathic receptor sites in the bronchial smooth muscles resulting in bronchodilation. (firehall.com)
- Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, i.e., it competes for binding sites on all muscarinic receptors, thus blocking the action of acetylcholine. (reviewofmm.com)
- Atropine is used as an antidote in cholinergic poisoning, or organophosphate poisoning, acting by blocking acetylcholine action at muscarinic receptors. (picmonic.com)
- Atropine sulfate blocks the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine that cause bronchorrhoea, hypersalivation, bronchoconstriction and bradycardia, thereby reducing these effects. (who.int)
High doses of atropine1
Completely inhibited1
- Methysergide briefly (1 hr) suppressed, and cyproheptadine completely inhibited, the WDS response. (erowid.org)
Muscarinic receptors5
- Yet, in all groups, epibatidine-induced strip contractions were similarly inhibited by mecamylamine and hexamethonium (ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonists), SR 16584 (α3β4 neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist), atracurium and tubocurarine (neuromuscular nicotinic receptor antagonists), and atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), indicating that nicotinic receptors (particularly α3β4 subtypes), neuromuscular and muscarinic receptors play roles in bladder contractility. (jefferson.edu)
- The present data indicate that activated alpha 2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors inhibit dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins without the involvement of a cAMP-dependent intermediate step. (mdc-berlin.de)
- However, landmark studies concluded that it was unlikely atropine was exerting an effect via the accommodative pathway, as both atropine and pirenzepine (another muscarinic antagonist) inhibited myopia in chicks that lack muscarinic receptors in the ciliary muscle, and additionally, myopia could be induced in species that had no functional accommodative system. (reviewofmm.com)
- Another consideration is that atropine may be exerting its effect via mechanisms other than blocking muscarinic receptors. (reviewofmm.com)
- It should be noted that atropine does not block the CNS excitation (the E in DUMBBELSS), and this is mediated by nicotinic receptors, while atropine blocks muscarinic receptors. (picmonic.com)
Nicotinic2
- Atropine is not thought to have significant effect on nicotinic receptors, and thus does not counteract fasciculations, weakness, or flaccid paralysis. (cdc.gov)
- In control bladder strips, since tetrodotoxin did not inhibit epibatidine contractions, nicotinic receptors are likely located on nerve terminals. (jefferson.edu)
Found to inhibit3
- Thyroid hormones were found to inhibit Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase, and the Ki value for l-T4 was 2.5 microM. (aspetjournals.org)
- 10 Indeed, in many experimental animal studies, the use of either dopamine or nonselective dopamine receptor agonists was found to inhibit the development of myopia. (reviewofmm.com)
- 15,16 Furthermore, atropine was found to inhibit choroidal thinning induced by hyperopic defocus. (reviewofmm.com)
Sulfate monohydrate1
Significantly inhibited1
- 3. Simultaneous infusion of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (0.5 μmol min −1 kg −1 ) significantly inhibited the increase in renal blood flow produced by l -arginine (15 μmol min −1 kg −1 ) without significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate. (portlandpress.com)
Receptors6
- Isopto Atropine dilates the eye by inhibiting the muscarinics receptors, which control the pupil size. (northdrugstore.com)
- Ganglion-blocker pentamin (2.5 mg/100g body weight), blocker of M-cholino-receptors atropine (0.2 ml), α-adreno-blocker tropaphen (0.1 mg/100g), and β-adreno-blocker obzidan (0.1 mg/100g) evoked the inhibiting effect on calcitonin secretion in spite of simultaneously increasing of hypog-lycemia. (scirp.org)
- hese receptors inhibit ordinary and involuntary detrusor contractions. (lckinhibitor.com)
- b) loss of excitatory input to the choroidal non-vascular smooth muscle resulting in less contraction, or c) possibly due to the cross-reactivity of atropine resulting in blocking of other receptors such as α-adrenoreceptors. (reviewofmm.com)
- This drug has the side effect of skin flushing, which occurs because atropine blocks M-receptors on sweat glands. (picmonic.com)
- This occurs because atropine blocks M-receptors in sweat glands. (picmonic.com)
MicroM3
- Competition curves for PZ inhibiting the binding of [3H]QNB, however, had Hill slopes of 1, with a Ki value of 0.24 microM. (unboundmedicine.com)
- These thyroid hormones dose dependently relaxed vascular strips previously contracted with 50 mM KCl in the presence of phentolamine (1 microM), propranolol (1 microM), and atropine (0.3 microM), and the order of the inhibitory potency was l-T4 greater than d-T4 greater than l-T3 greater than d-T3 for the contraction. (aspetjournals.org)
- Pretreatment with l-T4 (10 and 30 microM) inhibited the contractile response concomitant with the inhibition of the 20,000-Da myosin light chain phosphorylation, without significant suppression of the increase in La3+-resistant 45Ca influx and uptake (5 and 30 min) induced by 50 mM KCl, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of l-T4 may not be primarily related to Ca2+ entry through the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. (aspetjournals.org)
Antidotes1
Cholinesterase3
- It has been suggested that when these physiological changes do not occur with this dose (sometimes referred to as an atropine challenge ), this is indicative of cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- Diazinon is an organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. (who.int)
- The designation "nerve gas" or "nerve agent" is used for organophosphorus compounds that inhibit tissue cholinesterase. (who.int)
Inhibition4
- In summary, intraocular NO inhibits myopia dose-dependently and is obligatory for inhibition of myopia by atropine. (nih.gov)
- Although rarely taken into account, the non-selective inhibition of all muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes by atropine may be an important determinant of these poor outcomes. (nih.gov)
- Atropine (250-550 mcg) inhibits vasodilation and decreases the secretory response of the pancreas to secreting Previous intra-arterial injection of bradykinin restores the secretory response of the pancreas, thus showing that inhibitory effect of, of the atropine on the secretory response of the pancreas to secretin is partly mediated by inhibition of secretin-induced vasodilation. (erowid.org)
- There is also a view that sclera is the target site for myopia inhibition with atropine. (reviewofmm.com)
Myopia4
- Atropine inhibits myopia progression, but its mechanism is unknown. (nih.gov)
- These include myopia control contact lenses and glasses, atropine eye drops and habit changes. (allaboutvision.com)
- Among all the strategies assessed to date, atropine was considered the most effective, and presently, low dose atropine (0.01 percent) is widely used to slow myopia. (reviewofmm.com)
- The first use of atropine was based on the hypothesis that excessive accommodative effort caused myopia and atropine abolished the accommodative function. (reviewofmm.com)
Hypersensitivity3
- Isopto Atropine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any ingredient used in the drug. (northdrugstore.com)
- Known hypersensitivity to diphenoxylate or atropine. (nih.gov)
- Nt the amount and joint infections how do i wean off of wellbutrin xl 150 mg make me hypersensitivity to atropine. (lideresmexicanos.com)
Parasympathetic4
- Inhibiting or preventing the actions of muscarine and muscarinelike agents, or the effects of parasympathetic stimulation at the neuroeffector junction ( e.g., atropine). (theodora.com)
- In general, atropine counters the "rest and digest" activity of glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system . (allaboutheaven.org)
- Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. (lookformedical.com)
- Atropine blocks the action of the vagus nerve, which acts to decrease heart rate in the parasympathetic system of the heart. (picmonic.com)
Mecamylamine1
- These [Ca2+]i rises were partially inhibited by atropine or mecamylamine. (ox.ac.uk)
Reversibly1
Retina1
- It was suggested that by dampening vital functions of the retina, atropine boosts dopamine release from cellular stores, which then controls eye growth. (reviewofmm.com)
Synthesis3
- Penicillins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
- The synthesis of glycosaminoglycan, of the scleral extracellular matrix, was inhibited by atropine in studies involving scleral tissue from chicks. (reviewofmm.com)
- 8 Although atropine was toxic to the scleral chondrocytes at high concentrations, the finding of a reduction of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans opens up another pathway via which atropine may be exerting its effects. (reviewofmm.com)
Dilates1
- Atropine is used as a mydriatic, as it dilates the pupils and is utilized in ophtalmic procedures. (picmonic.com)
Anticholinergic1
- Many drugs (eg, tricyclic antidepressants, sedating antihistamines, urinary antimuscarinic agents, some antipsychotic drugs, antiparkinsonian drugs with atropine -like activity, many over-the-counter hypnotics and cold preparations) have anticholinergic effects. (msdmanuals.com)
Drugs2
- Like other drugs, Isopto Atropine may also cause certain side effects. (northdrugstore.com)
- Even in low doses, these drugs can increase risk of heatstroke by inhibiting diaphoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
Tachycardia2
- When the recurrent use of atropine is essential in patients with coronary artery disease, the total dose should be restricted to 2 to 3 mg (maximum 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg) to avoid the detrimental effects of atropine-induced tachycardia on myocardial oxygen demand. (nih.gov)
- For instance, atropine initially causes brief tachycardia that in the long term changes into pronounced tachycardia (Marrs et al. (ivoryresearch.com)
Motility2
- In some patients with acute ulcerative colitis, agents that inhibit intestinal motility or prolong intestinal transit time have been reported to induce toxic megacolon. (nih.gov)
- Inhibit GI motility, and stimulate the CTZ. (freezingblue.com)
Organophosphorus1
- Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP, is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. (nih.gov)
Bradycardia2
- Atropine is also used as a premedication before general anaesthesia to reduce secretions from the lungs and is used as an emergency treatment for bradycardia - abnormally low heart beat. (allaboutheaven.org)
- Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist medication, used in ophthalmic applications, organophosphate overdose, and in cases of bradycardia. (picmonic.com)
Autoinjector1
Mechanism4
- Mechanism by which atropine counters the effects of the cholinergic toxidrome. (cdc.gov)
- Furthermore, we evaluated the possible action mechanism of A. tomentosa , using naloxone, nitro- L -arginine methyl ester, glibenclamide, atropine, naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine in tail-flick tests. (jcimjournal.com)
- Despite common use, 3 the mechanism underlying the efficacy of atropine in slowing eye growth remains unclear. (reviewofmm.com)
- The aim of this review is to discuss the various hypotheses for the proposed mechanism of action for atropine and present a summary of some of the studies that have been considered so far. (reviewofmm.com)
Doses5
- 2002) Thus, even when given sufficient doses of atropine, patients may need artificial ventilation, sometimes for weeks. (cdc.gov)
- Some cases of mild to moderate poisonings may improve with these doses of atropine. (cdc.gov)
- One author suggest avoiding large doses of pre-mixed atropine containing alcohol preservatives in children out of concern that alcohol toxicity could complicate the situation. (cdc.gov)
- The centrally active cholinergic receptor antagonist atropine also caused significant impairment in radial arm maze behavior, while equivalent doses of methylatropine were without effect. (tmc.edu)
- Atropine was used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) , doses of 0.5 to a maximum of 3 mg were administered intravenously. (zxc.wiki)
Pathway1
- This pathway will be inhibited by atropine. (wikipedia.org)
Contraction1
- This takes place because the drug inhibits ciliary contraction, and adequate refraction cannot take place. (picmonic.com)
Stimulation1
- Atropine inhibited this stimulation. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitory1
- Superprecipitation of actomyosin was inhibited by the addition of l-T4, in a dose-dependent manner, and calmodulin (1 microgram/ml) partly reversed the inhibitory effect of l-T4. (aspetjournals.org)
Contact lenses2
- If you wear contact lenses, remove them before using Isopto Atropine. (northdrugstore.com)
- After administering Isopto Atropine wait for, at least, 15-20 minutes before reinserting contact lenses. (northdrugstore.com)
Effect6
- adding NOS-inhibitors (L-NIO, L-NMMA) to atropine inhibited this effect dose-dependently, but adding D-NMMA did not. (nih.gov)
- The hypotherinic effect of AP or L-dopa is attenuated by raphe nuclei lesions but is unaffected by atropine. (erowid.org)
- The 2-PAM drug successfully reverses the effect of the nerve agent on the body's peripheral nervous system (PNS), but its chemical composition inhibits it from protecting the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain. (llnl.gov)
- The effect of carbachol was abolished by atropine. (mdc-berlin.de)
- It was considered that atropine might be exerting its effect by altering retinal neurotransmission. (reviewofmm.com)
- Cycloplegia, or paralysis of the accomodation reflex, is a possible side effect in patients administered atropine. (picmonic.com)
Exposure1
Secretin2
- Secretin was discontinued 45 minutes later and atropine was administered 45 minutes later. (cdc.gov)
- Acetazolamide zones (50 mg) inhibits both the secretory and the vascular responses of the pancreas to an infusion of secretin. (erowid.org)
Effects6
- Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects. (nih.gov)
- Some of the known side effects of Isopto Atropine are: watering eyes, blurred vision, and increased sensitivity to bright light, mild irritation, and red eye. (northdrugstore.com)
- Isopto Atropine may, in rare cases, cause side effects other than the ones listed here. (northdrugstore.com)
- To know all other possible side effects of this drug, consult your doctor or read the patient information leaflet that you receive when you buy Isopto Atropine. (northdrugstore.com)
- Medicinal products contain the drug atropine as a racemate (1: 1 mixture of the enantiomers), whereby the use of the enantiomer which is more effective or has fewer side effects would be preferable for fundamental reasons. (zxc.wiki)
- Side effects of atropine administration include skin flushing, increased temperature, dry mouth, cycloplegia and disorientation in the elderly. (picmonic.com)
Dosage2
- Clinical findings against which to titrate atropine dosage. (cdc.gov)
- The exact dosage of Isopto Atropine varies from patient to patient. (northdrugstore.com)
Diagnosis1
- A number of authors have recommended the "atropine challenge" as an aid to diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Ophthalmic1
- The generic name of this drug is Atropine Ophthalmic. (northdrugstore.com)