SubunitClpPProteinsSerinePutative ATP-dependentFtsHProteinBacterial proteaseEukaryoticRegulatoryProteasomeProteinaseATPaseDegradationIntracellularApoptosisMitochondriaPeptidesEncodesRegulationSubstrateGeneInhibitorsEubacteriaRolesProcessesAminoBiologicalMechanismsChaperoneComplexActivityReactionPresenceProgressionRoleSystemTarget
Subunit2
- ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLPP gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The work supports a role for chemical modification in the recognition and subsequent degradation of a key protein subunit of PSII by a bacterial-type protease, suggesting that tryptophan oxidation of components of the photosynthetic apparatus after high light stress plays a critical role in initiating the PSII repair system. (elifesciences.org)
ClpP9
- Enzyme ClpP is a highly conserved serine protease present throughout bacteria and also found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- A fully assembled Clp protease complex has a barrel-shaped structure in which two stacked ring of proteolytic subunits (ClpP or ClpQ) are either sandwiched between two rings or single-caped by one ring of ATPase-active chaperon subunits (ClpA, ClpC, ClpE, ClpX or ClpY). (wikipedia.org)
- P. aeruginosa produces two forms of the ClpP peptidase, PaClpP114 and PaClpP17P27, which in complex with ClpX or ClpA form functional proteases. (wikipedia.org)
- ClpP protease is a major contributor for mitochondrial protein quality control system and removing damaged or misfolded proteins in mitochondrial matrix. (wikipedia.org)
- Defects in mitochondrial Clp proteases have been associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases while upregulation of ClpP proteases has been implicated in preventing premature aging. (wikipedia.org)
- On the chromosome, lon-2 is immediately downstream of ATP-dependent proteases clpP and clpX, an arrangement identical to that of lon of Escherichia coli. (researchwithrutgers.com)
- Perrault syndrome is caused by recessive mutations in CLPP, encoding a mitochondrial ATP-dependent chambered protease. (medlineplus.gov)
- ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. (springer.com)
- We have determined a 2.1 Angstrom crystal structure for human mitochondrial ClpP (hClpP), the proteolytic component of the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease. (kiost.ac.kr)
Proteins13
- In several bacteria, such as E. coli, proteins tagged with the SsrA peptide (ANDENYALAA) encoded by tmRNA are digested by Clp proteases. (wikipedia.org)
- Proteases target damaged or misfolded proteins, transcription factors and signaling proteins in bacteria to coordinate complex cell responses and thus they have robust importance for the physiology and virulence of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the peptidase family S14 and hydrolyzes proteins into small peptides in the presence of ATP and magnesium. (wikipedia.org)
- The canonical ATP-dependent protease Lon participates in an assortment of biological processes in bacteria, including the catalysis of damaged or senescent proteins and short-lived regulatory proteins. (researchwithrutgers.com)
- The 26S proteasome is the principal ATP-dependent protease in eukaryotic cells and responsible for the majority of targeted protein turnover, both through the degradation of short-lived regulatory proteins and the clearance of damaged or misfolded polypeptides for protein-quality control ( Hershko and Ciechanover, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
- ClpXP is a two-component ATP-dependent protease that unfolds and degrades proteins bearing specific recognition signals. (uri.edu)
- These included secreted proteins, an LPS glycosyltransferase, fucosyltransferases, proteins involved in molybdopterin biosynthesis, and Clp protease adaptor (CIpS). (wm.edu)
- These included ATP-dependent Clp protease, CIpS, and proteins of unknown function. (wm.edu)
- Proteases determine the lifetime of other proteins playing an important physiological role like hormones, antibodies, or other enzymes-this is one of the fastest "switching on" and "switching off" regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of an organism. (stratech.co.uk)
- Bacteria also secrete proteases to hydrolyze (digest) the peptide bonds in proteins and therefore break the proteins down into their constituent monomers (amino acids). (stratech.co.uk)
- Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated by nutritional signals in these organisms. (stratech.co.uk)
- The net impact of nutritional regulation of protease activity among the thousands of species present in soil can be observed at the overall microbial community level as proteins are broken down in response to carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation. (stratech.co.uk)
- This tags IκB for poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation through the 26S proteasome [ 5 ], a multi-catalytic, ATP-dependent protease complex, responsible for posttranslational control of all short-lived and many long-lived proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine1
- Acid proteases secreted into the stomach (such as pepsin) and serine proteases present in duodenum (trypsin and chymotrypsin) enable us to digest the protein in food. (stratech.co.uk)
Putative ATP-dependent1
- Borrelia spirochetes are unusual in that they code for two putative ATP-dependent Lon homologs, Lon-1 and Lon-2. (researchwithrutgers.com)
FtsH3
- To maintain photosynthetic activity, the PSII reaction center protein D1, which is the primary target of unavoidable photo-oxidative damage, is efficiently degraded by FtsH protease. (elifesciences.org)
- In photosynthetic organisms, maintenance of photosynthetic light reaction is manifested by so called Photosystem II (PSII) repair system, where the reaction center protein D1 is targeted to photo-oxidative damage and rapidly degraded by the processive protease FtsH. (elifesciences.org)
- Transmembrane FtsH is the only known ATP-dependent protease responsible for this task, unlike other well-studied soluble ATP-dependent proteases. (preprints.org)
Protein11
- This protein is an essential component to form the protein complex of Clp protease (Endopeptidase Clp). (wikipedia.org)
- Different experimental studies conducted on silencing the genes of these proteases have shown embryonic lethality, cancer cells death, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin tolerance, increased protein exclusion bodies, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defect in mitochondrial biogenesis, increased inflammation, Apoptosis etc. (current-pharmaceutical-design.com)
- Eubacteria and eukaryotic cellular organelles have membrane-bound ATP-dependent proteases, which degrade misassembled membrane protein complexes and play a vital role in membrane quality control. (rcsb.org)
- Here I propose to call the polyP-Lon complex the "stringent protease," and I discuss new insights of protein degradation control in bacteria. (go.jp)
- This gene encodes a protein related to the Lon protease protein family. (antibodies-online.com)
- As in other protein unfoldases of the AAA+ family, the six Rpt subunits in the proteasome base use loops with conserved aromatic residues projecting into the central pore of the hexamer to interact with the substrate polypeptide, mechanically pull on it, and drive its translocation into the 20S core in an ATP hydrolysis-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
- A protease is an enzyme that conducts proteolysis, i.e., the protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain which form the protein. (stratech.co.uk)
- Proteases are involved in digesting long protein chains into short fragments, splitting the peptide bonds that link amino acid residues. (stratech.co.uk)
- Proteases can either break specific peptide bonds, depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or break down a complete peptide to amino acids. (stratech.co.uk)
- Amplite™ Universal Fluorimetric Protease Activity Assay Kit is an ideal choice to perform routine protease isolation assays or for identifying the presence of contaminating proteases in protein samples. (stratech.co.uk)
- It is part of the m-AAA protease, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ̶ dependent proteolytic complex located at the mitochondrial inner membrane, which controls protein quality and regulates ribosome assembly. (medscape.com)
Bacterial protease1
- A secreted bacterial protease may also act as an exotoxin, and be an example of a virulence factor in bacterial pathogenesis. (stratech.co.uk)
Eukaryotic1
- Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Regulatory1
- Proteases that contain proteolytic core domains and ATPase-containing regulatory domains. (bvsalud.org)
Proteasome2
- Studies with bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341) and other proteasome inhibitors indicate that cancer cells are especially dependent on the proteasome for survival, and several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function. (aacrjournals.org)
- The 26S proteasome is essential for proteostasis and the regulation of vital processes through ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated substrates. (elifesciences.org)
Proteinase1
- The assay utilizes a fluorescent casein conjugate that is proven to be a generic substrate for a broad spectrum of proteases (e.g. trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, proteinase K, protease XIV, and elastase). (stratech.co.uk)
ATPase1
- Fully functional Clp protease requires the participation of AAA+ ATPase. (wikipedia.org)
Degradation1
- Degradation of IκB frees NF-κB for translocation into the nucleus, where it binds to specific consensus sequences in promoter regions of NF-κB-dependent genes to initiate transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular2
- Intracellular proteases have a role in bacterial virulence. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, we report that both pathways can be dissected by depletion of intracellular ATP. (diva-portal.org)
Apoptosis2
- In all cases, apoptosis is mediated by caspases, although it is unclear how these diverse apoptotic stimuli cause protease activation. (diva-portal.org)
- Prevention of ATP production completely inhibited caspase activation and apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic drugs and staurosporine. (diva-portal.org)
Mitochondria3
- In this review, we articulated the origin and regulation of these proteases and the cross talk between the nucleus and mitochondria vice versa, and highlighted the role of these proteases in diabetes and diabetic complications in human diseases. (current-pharmaceutical-design.com)
- Desautels, M. and Goldberg, A.L. Demonstration of an ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive endoprotease in the matrix of rat liver mitochondria. (enzyme-database.org)
- The other pathway is controlled by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the subsequent ATP-dependent activation of the death regulator apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). (diva-portal.org)
Peptides1
- Protease-catalyzed hydrolysis relieves its quenching effect, yielding brightly fluorescent dye-labeled short peptides. (stratech.co.uk)
Encodes1
- A heat-shock gene which encodes the ATP-dependent protease La. (enzyme-database.org)
Regulation2
- However, the regulation of these proteases at gene level is not clearly understood and still research is warranted. (current-pharmaceutical-design.com)
- Because blood induction of Lon-1 may be of importance in the regulation of virulence factors critical for spirochete transmission, the clarification of functional roles for these two proteases in B. burgdorferi was the object of this study. (researchwithrutgers.com)
Substrate1
- The addition of microglia or ATP led to the disruption of the MBEC monolayer and significantly decreased barrier function as measured by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). (portlandpress.com)
Gene1
- Expanding the mutational spectrum in Johanson-Blizzard syndrome: identification of whole exon deletions and duplications in the UBR1 gene by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors1
- Protease assays are widely used for the investigation of protease inhibitors and the detection of protease activities. (stratech.co.uk)
Eubacteria1
- Hence, many lines of theories proposed these proteases are conservative from eubacteria to eukaryotes. (current-pharmaceutical-design.com)
Roles1
- Other proteases are present in leukocytes (elastase and cathepsin G) and play several different roles in metabolic control. (stratech.co.uk)
Processes1
- Proteases are used throughout an organism for various metabolic processes. (stratech.co.uk)
Amino1
- Attachment of a protease to a certain group depends on the structure of catalytic site and the amino acid (as one of the constituents) essential for its activity. (stratech.co.uk)
Biological1
- Monitoring various protease activities has become a routine task for many biological laboratories. (stratech.co.uk)
Mechanisms1
- The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are complex, and most likely not exclusively dependent on effects of tea polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-gallate. (biomedcentral.com)
Chaperone1
- Recombinant Lon-1 manifested properties of an ATP-dependent chaperone-protease in vitro but did not complement an E. coli Lon mutant, while Lon-2 corrected two characteristic Lon-mutant phenotypes. (researchwithrutgers.com)
Complex3
- PolyP forms a complex with the ATP-dependent Lon protease. (go.jp)
- By complex cooperative action the proteases may proceed as cascade reactions, which result in rapid and efficient amplification of an organism's response to a physiological signal. (stratech.co.uk)
- NF-κB activity was altered by tea extracts in a complex, caspase-dependent manner, which differed from the effects of epigallocatechin-gallate. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
- Both free EF (EF) and PA-bound-EF (ETx) have adenylyl cyclase activity converting ATP to cAMP. (cdc.gov)
Reaction1
- The three-step method includes magnetic immunocapture with monoclonal antibodies, reaction with ATP generating cAMP, and quantification of cAMP by isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS. Total EF was quantified from 5PL regression of cAMP vs ETx concentration. (cdc.gov)
Presence1
- In conclusion, we offer evidence that microglia migration across the brain endothelial cell monolayer is increased in the presence of ATP in a manner that involves MMP secretion. (portlandpress.com)
Progression1
- The three toxemic phases were aligned with the three clinical stages of anthrax for fast and slow progression which showed that anthrax progression is toxin- rather than time-dependent. (cdc.gov)
Role1
- Proteases present in blood serum (thrombin, plasmin, Hageman factor, etc.) play an important role in blood-clotting, as well as blood clot lysis, and the correct action of the immune system. (stratech.co.uk)
System1
- An interconnected highly integrated system of mitochondrial and cytosolic chaperones and proteases along with the fission/fusion machinery represents the surveillance scaffold of mitostasis. (hindawi.com)
Target1
- Currently there are no approved antimicrobial agents that target bacterial proteases. (wikipedia.org)