• ABC transporters often consist of multiple subunits, one or two of which are transmembrane proteins and one or two of which are membrane-associated AAA ATPases. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABC transporters are considered to be an ABC superfamily based on the similarities of the sequence and organization of their ATP-binding cassette (ABC) domains, even though the integral membrane proteins appear to have evolved independently several times, and thus comprise different protein families. (wikipedia.org)
  • The third subgroup of ABC proteins do not function as transporters, but are rather involved in translation and DNA repair processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathogens use siderophores, such as Enterobactin, to scavenge iron that is in complex with high-affinity iron-binding proteins or erythrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Remaley's laboratory is now focused on how the ABCA1 transporter interacts with other intracellular proteins, as well as with extracellular cholesterol acceptor proteins, such as apoA-I, during the cholesterol efflux process. (nih.gov)
  • A structural genomics approach is used to determine to the structures of proteins belonging to other classes of ABC transporters. (rug.nl)
  • We have shown that, in the open state MscL, forms pores with a diameter of 3 nm 1 , which allows passage of small proteins. (rug.nl)
  • [2] ABCG2 belongs to the family of 48 transporter proteins called ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). (proteopedia.org)
  • In addition, three Delta (Delta like 1, 3, and 4) and two Jagged ( Jagged1 and Jagged2 ) proteins have been identified as Notch ligands in mammals. (molvis.org)
  • Periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) constitute a protein superfamily that binds a wide variety of ligands. (rcsb.org)
  • By contrast, oligopeptide-binding proteins bind their ligands through interactions with the peptide backbone but do not distinguish between different side chains. (rcsb.org)
  • Here, we present the crystal structure of a T. maritima cellobiose-binding protein (tm0031) that is homologous to oligopeptide-binding proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) of active transporters comprises a group of proteins that which facilitate efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells. (lu.se)
  • Most of the uptake systems also have an extracytoplasmic receptor, a solute binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transporters are extremely vital in cell survival such that they function as protein systems that counteract any undesirable change occurring in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is highly regulated in macrophages and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoproteins, a process necessary for HDL formation. (jci.org)
  • Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) actively transports a wide variety of drugs out of cells. (sdstate.edu)
  • To quantify MRP1 structural dynamics, we engineered a "two-color MRP1" construct by fusing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and TagRFP to MRP1 nucleotide-binding domains NBD1 and NBD2, respectively. (sdstate.edu)
  • The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. (nih.gov)
  • In this study the characteristics of the OATP1B1 transporter were reviewed and new in vitro research method to study protein functions was developed. (helsinki.fi)
  • One of the ABC transporters that is studied in detail is the osmoregulatory ABC transporter OpuA (class D). Osmotic control of OpuA involves gating by intracellular ionic strength and is mediated by lipid-protein interactions. (rug.nl)
  • 3 The tandem CBS domain 4 , which is linked to the nucleotide binding protein, plays a pivotal role in the regulation. (rug.nl)
  • Specific uORFs are known to control protein expression by tuning translation rates of downstream protein-coding sequences, and potential uORFs have been identified in ~50% of all human protein-coding genes 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Wie Experimente in einer BCRP überexprimierenden EPG85-257-Sublinie nahelegen, ist ausser MDR1 Pgp möglicherweise ebenfalls der ABC Halb-Transporter Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) am Transport von C6-NBD-PS und an der verstärkten Exponierung von endogenem PS beteiligt. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Besides MDR1 Pgp, the ABC half-size transporter Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is possibly also involved in transport of C6-NBD-PS and in increased exposure of endogenous PS, as found in a BCRP overexpressing EPG85-257 subline. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Full engagement of liganded maltose-binding protein stabilizes a semi-open ATP-binding cassette dimer in the maltose transporter. (purdue.edu)
  • Both maltose-binding protein and ATP are required for nucleotide-binding domain closure in the intact maltose ABC transporter. (purdue.edu)
  • The ABCG2 multidrug transporter or abc subfamily G member 2 is a membrane protein from the A TP- B inding C assette (ABC) transporter family, specifically the G-subfamily. (proteopedia.org)
  • The protein is in the inward-facing conformation with Cavity 1 open to the cytosol for substrate recruitment, the Leucine Plug intact, and Cavity 2 completely occluded. (proteopedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. (nih.gov)
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Family C Protein 10 Participates in the Synthesis and Efflux of Hexosylceramides in Liver Cells. (nih.gov)
  • 70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • 71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • In the most well characterized "canonical" pathway in mammalian cells, the Notch intracellular domain (NotchIC) translocates to the nucleus where it mostly associates with the recombination signal binding protein for the immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJκ). (molvis.org)
  • T. maritima cellobiose-binding protein binds a variety of lengths of beta(1-->4)-linked glucose oligomers, ranging from two rings (cellobiose) to five (cellopentaose). (rcsb.org)
  • Inhibited by the covalent attachment of herpes simplex virus ICP47 protein, which blocks the peptide-binding site of TAP. (lu.se)
  • Background and Purpose The ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1) gene is a key target of the transcription factors liver-X-receptors (LXRs). (bioinf.org)
  • Among patients included in the study, systolic blood pressures of the patients carrying AA genotype in ABCA-1 2706 gene polymorphism were lower relative to those having AG, and GG genotypes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Mutations present in both of the alleles constituting ABC 1 gene decrease HDL-cholesterol, and consequently increase the risk of coronary artery disease. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of ABCA 1 gene on lipid levels, and patient's clinical parameters under various polymorphic conditions in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. (researchsquare.com)
  • The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ABCA1 gene belongs to a group of genes called the ATP-binding cassette family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1 gene (ABCD1) were ascertained in 516 unrelated patients with ataxia. (nih.gov)
  • HEK293 cells expressing OATP1B1 transporter are well suited for the study of the SLCO1B1-gene. (helsinki.fi)
  • The in vitro method developed in this study remains in the research team as a tool to investigate the polymorphisms of the SLCO1B1-gene, the inhibition of the transporter and possible drug interactions. (helsinki.fi)
  • The underlying genetic abnormality in harlequin ichthyosis is a mutation in the lipid-transporter gene ABCA12 on chromosome 2. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in ABCA12 , a gene that encodes adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter (ABC), subfamily A, member 12, in chromosome region 2q35, underlie this disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Brain-ABCA1 deficient mice exhibited increased the level of matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and reduced the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) in the ischemic brain. (bioinf.org)
  • Results Human brain ABCA1 insufficiency worsens functional final result after stroke There is a marginal upsurge in the lesion quantity (P=0.052, Body 1B) and a substantial upsurge in neurological deficits in 1, 3 and seven days after dMCAo in ABCA1?B/?B mice, in comparison CFTRinh-172 kinase inhibitor to ABCA1fl/fl mice (P 0.05, Figure 1C). (bioinf.org)
  • Another focus of Dr. Remaley's work is on the main cholesterol efflux transporter from cells, namely the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1). (nih.gov)
  • Tangier disease, a rare genetic disorder characterized decades ago by Dr. Donald S. Frederickson at the NIH, is defective in the ABCA1 transporter and provided an early clue to the importance of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. (nih.gov)
  • APOA4 on prebeta and prebeta-b particles efflux cholesterol from peripheral tissues via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) (step 3). (jci.org)
  • This thesis focuses on outward transport of fluorescent (C6-NBD-) lipid analogs and endogenous lipids by the Multidrug Resistance 1 P-Glycoprotein (MDR1 Pgp), a member of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Among the main mechanisms of this multidrug resistance is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that mediate drug efflux, and, specifically, ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1 are known to cause cancer chemoresistance. (nature.com)
  • In this Review, we highlight the progress achieved in the past 5 years on the three transporters, ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1, that are known to be of clinical importance. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Selected substrates transported by ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1. (nature.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human ATP Binding Cassette Transporter G2 (ABCG2) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (tissue-cell-culture.com)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human ATP Binding Cassette Transporter G2 (ABCG2) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (tissue-cell-culture.com)
  • [1] ABCG2 protects cells by exporting xenobiotic molecules out of the cell using ATP hydrolysis. (proteopedia.org)
  • These structures also illustrated the transporter cycle of ABCG2, the binding locations for inhibitors, and the link between cancer and the ABC transporter family. (proteopedia.org)
  • As an ABC Transporter , ABCG2 exhibits ATPase activity and uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to facilitate transport. (proteopedia.org)
  • The NBDs in ABCG2 remain in contact with one another even without a bound substrate, providing greater substrate specificity as the entrance to the transporter is not as globular as other ABC transporters like ABCB1 or ABCC1. (proteopedia.org)
  • Locations of Cavities 1 and 2 and the Leucine Plug in ABCG2. (proteopedia.org)
  • Vismodegib is a potent inhibitor of two ABC transporters, ABCG2/BCRP and ABCB1/Pgp, with IC50 values of 1.4 and 3.0 µM, respectively. (lclabs.com)
  • Furthermore, genetic modification of ABC transporters by CRISPR-Cas9 and approaches to re-engineer amino acid sequences to change the direction of transport from efflux to import are briefly discussed. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, ATP dramatically stimulated rosuvastatin uptake into membranes expressing BCRP, but not control membranes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Acquired mutations in Smoothened (SMO), a serpentine receptor, inhibited the ability of vismodegib to bind SMO and served as a mechanism of drug resistance in human cancer. (lclabs.com)
  • For instance, a potential lethal increase in osmotic strength is counterbalanced by activation of osmosensing ABC transporters that mediate uptake of solutes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that transporters can mediate drug-drug interactions, and transporter genes are subject to genetic polymorphism which may affect pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug, such as absorption, distribution, and excretion. (helsinki.fi)
  • A high percentage of the ABC family transporters (19 of the 48) transport chemotherapeutic agents out of cells, making expression levels of ABC transporters a major indicator of cancer treatment prognosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Since many clinically used drugs are transported by OATP2B1, changes in the function of the transporter due to genetic polymorphism could lead to altered pharmacokinetics or -dynamics of OATP2B1 substrate drugs. (helsinki.fi)
  • Association of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism with clopidogrel response and 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in a multiethnic population with drug-eluting stents. (cdc.gov)
  • ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters catalyze the transport of a wide variety of molecules across lipid bilayers into or out of cells and organelles. (rug.nl)
  • Conformational dynamics of ABC transporters is an important feature to explain how they operate, but experimental structures are determined in a static environment. (rcsb.org)
  • Our results show that ATP binding induces a large-amplitude conformational change that brings the NBDs into closer proximity. (sdstate.edu)
  • Inhibited by human cytomegalovirus US6 glycoprotein, which binds to the lumenal side of the TAP complex and inhibits peptide translocation by specifically blocking ATP-binding to TAP1 and prevents the conformational rearrangement of TAP induced by peptide binding. (lu.se)
  • Mutation occurring in ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABC1) which enables exit of cholesterol from the cell with resultant decrease in the levels of lipid-rich HDL-lipoprotein in the circulation decrease. (researchsquare.com)
  • The US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) redefined the HDL cholesterol level that constitutes a formal coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor. (medscape.com)
  • We recently identified a role for ABCC1, a transmembrane drug-resistance transporter, as a GC exporter which limits intracellular GC concentrations and action in adipose tissue. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • APOA4 metabolism on small HDL (alpha3, prebeta, and very small prebeta) was distinct from that of APOA4 on large HDL (alpha0, 1, 2). (jci.org)
  • ABC transporters are also involved in multiple drug resistance, and this is how some of them were first identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Promotion steht der Auswärtstransport fluoreszierender (C6-NBD-) Lipid-Analoga und endogener Lipide durch das Multidrug Resistance 1 P-Glycoprotein (MDR1 Pgp), das der ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Superfamilie angehört. (hu-berlin.de)
  • This ABC full-transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. (nih.gov)
  • The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is associated with multidrug resistance. (lclabs.com)
  • 2011) The ATP-grasp enzymes. (jenabioscience.com)
  • 2009) Membrane components and purinergic signalling: the purinome, a complex interplay among ligands, degrading enzymes, receptors and transporters. (jenabioscience.com)
  • Drug removal is not only dependent on metabolic enzymes, but also on transporters. (helsinki.fi)
  • Transporters in the basolateral membrane of the hepatocyte facilitate drug entry and access to drug metabolizing enzymes. (helsinki.fi)
  • By stimulating the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, HIF-1 promotes glycolysis to generate more pyruvate [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to transport substrates across the cell membrane while the second molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to reset the transporter to its inward-facing conformation. (proteopedia.org)
  • ABC transporters utilize the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport various substrates across cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report that an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G (ABCG) full transporter is required for leaf water conservation in both wild barley and rice. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Map-based cloning revealed that Eibi1 encodes an HvABCG31 full transporter. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Homologs of HvABCG31 were found in green algae, moss, and lycopods, indicating that this full transporter is highly conserved in the evolution of land plants. (haifa.ac.il)
  • We address the molecular basis of their broad substrate specificity gleaned from structural information and discuss novel approaches to block the function of ABC transporters. (nature.com)
  • The results demonstrate the utility of the two-color MRP1 construct for investigating ATP-binding cassette transporter structural dynamics, and it holds great promise for high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for unknown activators, inhibitors, or transportable substrates of MRP1. (sdstate.edu)
  • 2014) ATP-evoked sustained vasoconstrictions mediated by heteromeric P2X1/4 receptors in cerebral arteries. (jenabioscience.com)
  • 2014) Toll-like receptors 2, -3 and -4 prime microglia but not astrocytes across central nervous system regions for ATP-dependent interleukin-1β release. (jenabioscience.com)
  • 2015) Homodimeric anoctamin-1, but not homodimeric anoctamin-6, is activated by calcium increases mediated by the P2Y1 and P2X7 receptors. (jenabioscience.com)
  • 77 IL-8 acts through chemokine receptors 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and 2) and is involved in promoting angiogenesis through overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • In prokaryotes, PBPs function as receptors for ATP-binding cassette or tripartite ATP-independent transporters and chemotaxis systems. (rcsb.org)
  • D. & E. Uptake systems with two or four covalently linked substrate-binding domains (SBDs). (rug.nl)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of ATP Binding Cassette Transporter G2 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (tissue-cell-culture.com)
  • The small intestine synthesizes and secretes small HDL with APOA4 into the lymphatics (step 1), and these HDL then enter plasma circulation (step 2). (jci.org)
  • Nucleoside-triphosphates can be converted by different membrane-bound phosphatases into nucleosides acting as nucleoside receptor ligands. (jenabioscience.com)
  • 2014) The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mediates the proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by ATP. (jenabioscience.com)
  • The membrane-spanning region of the ABC transporter protects hydrophilic substrates from the lipids of the membrane bilayer thus providing a pathway across the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TMD is responsible for binding and transporting substrates, is embedded in the cell membrane, extends into the extracellular region (Figure 1). (proteopedia.org)
  • The overall shift from inward-facing to outward-facing promotes the transport of substrates through the transporter. (proteopedia.org)
  • After substrates bind in Cavity 1, ATP binds each NBD leading to the transporter shifting from inward-facing to outward-facing. (proteopedia.org)
  • This collapse forces the substrate to move forward to Cavity 2 as there is no longer room in Cavity 1 to accommodate substrates. (proteopedia.org)
  • Heide van der T., and Poolman, B. (2002) ABC transporters: one, two or four extracytoplasmic substrate-binding sites? (rug.nl)
  • We suggest that current information regarding the structure, mechanism and regulation of ABC transporters should be used in clinical trials to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics for patients with cancer. (nature.com)
  • Emerging transporters of clinical importance: An update from the International Transporter Consortium. (msdmanuals.com)
  • High-resolution structures, biophysical and in silico studies have led to tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism of drug transport by these ABC transporters, and several promising therapies, including irradiation-based immune and thermal therapies, and nanomedicine have been used to overcome ABC transporter-mediated cancer chemoresistance. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Structures of three ATP-binding cassette transporters. (nature.com)
  • This study allows a comprehensive understanding of the trehalose recycling mechanism in Mycobacteria and also demonstrates the potential of single-particle cryo-EM to explore the dynamic structures of other ABC transporters and molecular machines. (rcsb.org)
  • Overall, these processes allow the regeneration of NAD + required for ATP production through glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
  • [1] The NBD binds and processes ATP and is located inside of the cell where it is exposed to the cytosol. (proteopedia.org)
  • The energy-dependent membrane-bound transport enzyme, P-glycoprotein, may also be involved. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibited by human adenovirus e3-19k glycoprotein, which binds the TAP complex and acts as a tapasin inhibitor, preventing MHC class I/TAP association. (lu.se)
  • Bacterial ABC transporters are essential in cell viability, virulence, and pathogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors. (rcsb.org)
  • Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is an influx transporter expressed widely throughout the body in tissues such as intestine, liver, brain, placenta and skeletal muscle. (helsinki.fi)
  • Hundreds of ABC transporters have been characterized from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, our case suggests that polymorphisms within the hepatocanalicular transporters may contribute to a more pronounced course of HAV infection. (elsevier.es)
  • Controlling these factors reduces the risk of acute vascular complications and death from CVD [ 1 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Transporters in the canalicular domain (apical) of the hepatocyte faclitate removal of drugs or metabolites from the cell interior. (helsinki.fi)
  • Whereas osmoregulatory ABC transporters protect cells against hyperosmotic stress, mechanosensitive channels like MscL offer protection against osmotic downshifts. (rug.nl)
  • Genetic variation in the ATP binding cassette transporter ABCC10 is associated with neutropenia for docetaxel in Japanese lung cancer patients cohort. (nih.gov)