Atoms amino acids branched chain. Medical search. Frequent questions

Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), also known as branched-chain amino acid transaminase, is an aminotransferase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.42) which acts upon branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). (wikipedia.org)
The BCAT enzyme catalyzes the conversion of BCAAs and α-ketoglutarate into branched chain α-keto acids and glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. (drugbank.com)
The use of performance supplements is another example, and branched chain amino acids, or BCAAs, is popular among bodybuilders and endurance athletes alike. (protekt.com)
Because BCAAs are essential amino acids, we must get them from foods or supplements. (protekt.com)
Research has revealed that certain amino acids, specifically the Branched-Chain Amino acids (BCAAs), help prevent fatigue and maintain muscle mass and strength during times of physical stress, even during intense workouts. (fitdxb.com)
The BCAAs, namely Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine are the three essential amino acids. (fitdxb.com)
That means, the BCAAs have one carbon atom that is not in a linear fashion that makes it a branched point. (fitdxb.com)
At one point, the safe levels or the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for BCAAs were 20% of the total amino acids required for daily needs. (fitdxb.com)
Almost all amino acids can be degraded and broken down in the liver effectively with the exception of BCAAs. (fitdxb.com)
The liver oxidizes the BCAAs from their converted form called Oxo-Keto Acids. (fitdxb.com)
BCAAs make up a significant portion of the body's total amino acid pool. (pelzforlife.com)
BCAAS and Glutamine are both amino acids, and play a crucial role in the muscle building and repair process. (swolverine.com)
In order to distinguish the differences between BCAAs vs Glutamine, it's important to have a basic understanding of what amino acids are and what they do. (swolverine.com)
Of those nine amino acids, three are what's called Branched Chain Amino Acids, or BCAAS. (swolverine.com)
The three proteinogenic BCAAs are among the nine essential amino acids for humans, accounting for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins and 40% of the preformed amino acids required by mammals. (kuromaru.co)
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), are those amino acids that are very significant for our muscles, they are named so because of the chemical structure that joins them together which is a nonlinear carbon atom configuration. (bodyfuelindia.com)
BCAAs are the only amino acids that bypass the liver and go directly into the bloodstream. (iherb.com)
BCAAs may have an anabolic effect due to their impact on growth hormone and providing amino acids needed for protein synthesis. (iherb.com)
If a person is unable to get enough of these essential amino acids through diet due to dietary restrictions or they are trying to lose weight and cutting back on calories, it might be helpful to supplement with BCAAs before or during a workout. (iherb.com)
BCAAs are basically a subgroup of those nine essential amino acids. (plixlife.com)
Unlike the other essential amino acids, BCAAs are broken down in the muscles and not in the liver. (plixlife.com)

The biological function of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases is to catalyse the synthesis or degradation of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. (wikipedia.org)
These three amino acids i.e. leucine, isoleucine and valine, are present in foods like red meat and milk. (bodyfuelindia.com)
Valine is a branched-chain amino acid used in the protein biosynthesis. (bocsci.com)
Certain amino acids, including valine and isoleucine, can be broken down to produce odd-chain fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)

Leucine is an amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition. (drugbank.com)
β-MCC is required for the complete catabolism of the amino acid leucine. (medscape.com)

Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. (doaj.org)
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are ubiquitous in many organisms, comprising 35% of all proteins and 40% of the amino acids required in all mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Reduced BCAA in the blood unbalances the level of tryptophan, an amino acid which ultimately contributes to fatigue. (protekt.com)
However, it's important to note that while BCAA supplementation can be beneficial, especially for muscle recovery and growth, getting these amino acids from complete protein sources might be more beneficial. (pelzforlife.com)
A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having aliphatic side-chains with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). (kuromaru.co)
Background: Abnormal branched-chained amino acids (BCAA) accumulation in cardiomyocytes is associated with cardiac remodeling in heart failure. (zuspelle.com)
Vid en kombinerad behandling bor man ta hansyn till halveringstiden for den viktigaste steroiden, bcaa rea. (zuspelle.com)
BCAA are known to have a "side chain" of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms. (plixlife.com)
BCAA consists of 35-40% of all the amino acids in the body and 14-18% of the ones found in muscles. (plixlife.com)

While it isn't used to directly build proteins, it's more of an "activator" that helps get other amino acids where they need to be in order to build muscle. (protekt.com)
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in our body. (fitdxb.com)
Amino acids are also indirectly responsible for muscle growth in our body because all muscles are made of proteins. (fitdxb.com)
General metabolism: Proteins are the foundation of amino acids. (fitdxb.com)
In order to render amino acids form protein molecules, proteins must be digested via the gastrointestinal tract, the GI. (fitdxb.com)
Your body constantly utilizes amino acids from your diet and is in a steady state of turnover, meaning that new proteins are constantly being produced, while older proteins are being degraded. (swolverine.com)
The branched carbon structure of isopropyl cyanide is a common feature in molecules that are needed for life - such as amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. (cornell.edu)
active site - A region in proteins and nucleic acids (that participate in chemical reactions), where reacting molecules (substrates) bind and make specific contacts necessary for chemical catalysis. (rcsb.org)
amino acid - A building block of proteins is an alpha amino acid which contains a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group, and a hydrogen or organic side chain attached to the central carbon atom. (rcsb.org)
There are 20 different alpha amino acids commonly found in nature that can covalently link with each other to form short peptides or longer proteins. (rcsb.org)
a]Nitrogen is found in amino acids, the monomers of proteins, and in the nitrogenous bases that make up nucleotides (the monomers of nucleic acids). (learn-biology.com)
They are included in the 20 amino acids that are needed by the body to make proteins and the nine essential amino acids. (iherb.com)
If you can go back to your biology classes in school, you might recall that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and that there are nine of them that we can't make on our own - the so they're called "essential" amino acids. (plixlife.com)
Serine is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (bocsci.com)
Glycosylation is the attachment of sugar chains to proteins. (cureffi.org)
Proteins with sugar chains attached are called glycoproteins, and the sugar chains are called glycans . (cureffi.org)
Secretory pathway proteins with a DXE signal, called a 'di-acidic' signal since D is aspartic acid and E is glutamic acid, get exocytosed . (cureffi.org)
Proteins have segments of their polypeptide chain/chains that can be repeatedly coiled or folded into helix and pleated structures, respectively. (stackexchange.com)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins, made up of amino acids , and many other molecules that make up life are polymers. (allthescience.org)
Proteins are formed of only 20 different amino acids, but almost all proteins are composed in such a way that part of the sequence is unique. (lu.se)

Organic molecules usually found in these star-forming regions consist of a single "backbone" of carbon atoms arranged in a straight chain. (cornell.edu)
This new discovery lends weight to the idea that biologically crucial molecules, like amino acids that are commonly found in meteorites, are produced early in the process of star formation - even before planets such as Earth are formed. (cornell.edu)
Many internal carbon atoms of monosaccharides and other organic molecules are asymmetric-each of their four covalent bonds links to a different atom or chemical group. (rincondelvago.com)
This allows carbon-based molecules to form chains, rings, and branched structures, creating the kind of complex molecules that can carry out the information and energy storage and transfer functions that make like possible. (learn-biology.com)
Nucleic acids are the molecules of genetics and heredity, and includes DNA and RNA. (learn-biology.com)
Glycans can differ on several dimensions: the length, branching structure, and the particular sugar molecules at each position. (cureffi.org)
Second, even if two molecules of PrP are both, say, diglycosylated, they might still differ in the types of glycan chains attached (again: length, branching structure, types of sugar molecules included). (cureffi.org)
Particular protein structures arise because of a potentially very complex interplay of interactions within a chain, with other chains (from other subunits in a multimeric protein or from chaperones or other biomolecules) and with the solvent which includes water, lipids, ions, small molecules. (stackexchange.com)
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (lookformedical.com)
Polymers are molecules that consist of a long, repeating chain of smaller units called monomers . (allthescience.org)
They have the highest molecular weight among any molecules, and may consist of billions of atoms. (allthescience.org)
Monomers are molecules typically about 4-10 atoms in size, and are reactive in that they bond readily to other monomers in a process called polymerization . (allthescience.org)
Our body's structural molecules and energy storage depend on fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)

It is important to remember that all nine essential amino acids are required to produce muscle protein. (iherb.com)
If all of these essential amino acids are needed for muscle protein synthesis then consuming only three of the nine essential amino acids may not be adequate for stimulating muscle protein growth. (iherb.com)

This protein is made up of two identical polypeptide chains, totaling 372 residues. (wikipedia.org)
Atom Muscle WPC 80 is a highest quality whey protein concentrate. (atommuscle.pl)
The Atom Muscle WPC 80 product was made from whey that was obtained by ultrafiltration, in which the concentrated whey protein fraction is concentrated before prior separation from milk sugar and fat. (atommuscle.pl)
So muscle tissue is made of protein, and protein is made of amino acids. (protekt.com)
The exact contribution of this amino acid to muscle protein synthesis is less known, but it's thought to help with muscle metabolism and tissue repair, and it may also help maintain the nitrogen balance in the body. (pelzforlife.com)
Protein is metabolized and broken down into 20 total amino acids. (swolverine.com)
Sok vard pa en psykiatrisk oppenvardsmottagning eller akutmottagning om du har tankar pa att ta ditt liv, eller mar sa daligt att du kanner att du inte orkar mer, hur mycket protein i banan. (zuspelle.com)
3-10 helix - A type of protein secondary structural element that is more tightly coiled than the alpha helix (3 amino acids per turn with 10 atoms in the ring completed by each intra-helical hydrogen bond). (rcsb.org)
alignment - A comparison of two or more gene or protein sequences in order to determine their degree of similarity in amino acid or bases, respectively. (rcsb.org)
of relevance here is N-linked glycosylation , where the glycan is covalently bound to a nitrogen (N) atom in an asparagine (N) amino acid in the protein. (cureffi.org)
Those 22 amino acids (MANLGCWMLVLFVATWSDLGLC) get cleaved off by signal peptidase and the protein continues to be translated directly into the ER. (cureffi.org)
Once the signal peptide and GPI signal have both been cleaved, the initial 253 amino acid protein is just 208 amino acids. (cureffi.org)
Glycosylation is classified by the way the carbohydrate chain is linked to the protein. (iucr.org)
These identifiers are used to specifically select, visualize, locate a specific instance of a ligand, amino acid in a protein chain in a particular PDB entry. (rcsb.org)
In addition, some IDs are also drawn from other data resources and are included either in the data files or in the RCSB archive for ease in connecting PDB data to related information (such as protein or nucleic acid sequences and EM maps). (rcsb.org)
We found that overall the residue contact pattern can distinguish protein folds best when contacts are defined for residue pairs whose Cβ atoms are at 7.0 Å or closer to each other. (biomedcentral.com)

These processes take place in fatty acid, amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways. (leanquick.org)
Phosphorus is found in the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids, in phospholipids, and in the energy transfer molecule ATP. (learn-biology.com)
One nucleic acid monomer, ATP, is also life's key energy currency. (learn-biology.com)
Methods for the preparation of a lipid-nucleic acid composition are provided. (justia.com)
According to the methods, a mixture of lipids containing a protonatable or deprotonatable lipid, for example an amino lipid and a lipid such as a PEG- or Polyamide oligomer-modified lipid is combined with a buffered aqueous solution of a charged therapeutic agent, for example polyanionic nucleic acids, to produce particles in which the therapeutic agent is encapsulated in a lipid vesicle. (justia.com)
This invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of a lipid and a therapeutic agent, particularly to lipid-nucleic acid compositions, for in vivo therapeutic use. (justia.com)
Additionally, the invention provides methods of making the compositions, as well as methods of introducing the nucleic acids into cells using the compositions and treating disease conditions. (justia.com)
No clinical assessment currently employs the basic phosphodiester chemistry found in natural nucleic acids, because of these and other known problems. (justia.com)

Of the essential amino acids, three of them have a molecular structure with a side chain of one carbon and three hydrogen atoms. (protekt.com)
They're called 'branched-chain' because of their chemical structure, which includes a side chain of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms. (pelzforlife.com)
It is characterized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl group (-C=O) of one amino acid and the amino (N-H) group of the amino acid 4 residues below it along the helix. (rcsb.org)
amine - A molecule containing nitrogen with a single bond to a carbon chain and two other single bonds to hydrogen or carbon. (rcsb.org)
In monosaccharides all other available binding sites of carbon are occupied by hydrogen atoms. (rincondelvago.com)
They are considered branched-chain because they have a "branched" side chain consisting of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms. (iherb.com)
Make sure that you have a pdb-file for your ligand, with correctly added hydrogen atoms. (lu.se)
Based on X-ray crystallographic analysis, both GRL008 and DRV showed strong hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) with the backbone-amide nitrogen/carbonyl oxygen atoms of conserved active-site amino acids G27, D29, D30, and D30' of HIVA02 protease (PRA02) and wild-type PR in their corresponding crystal structures, while TPV lacked H-bonds with G27 and D30' due to an absence of polar groups. (rcsb.org)
Why do hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone, form both helix and pleated structures, instead of only one structural type? (stackexchange.com)
This is due to hydrogen bonds between partially charged oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the repetitive polypeptide backbone (which excludes the amino acid side chains). (stackexchange.com)
Is it a result of both hydrogen bonds in the polypeptide backbone, and interactions between amino acid side chains? (stackexchange.com)
My reasoning is that, it does not make sense to say that hydrogen bonds between the atoms of different amino acids in a polypeptide backbone, bring separate amino acids closer together, before interactions between amino acid side chains (R groups) occur (especially since some of these interactions between R groups are hydrogen bonds themselves). (stackexchange.com)
I assume, the previous statement can be valid stated vice versa, i.e., that interactions between amino acid side chains bring separate amino acids closer together, before hydrogen bonding can occur between the atoms of different amino acids. (stackexchange.com)

Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. (drugbank.com)
and finally the breakdown into smaller fragments in the small intestine to form free amino acids and some small peptides containing the enzyme peptides. (fitdxb.com)
The enzyme PNGase F can be used to cleave the glycan chains off of PrP, and then you can identify the exact glycan chains themselves using mass spectrometry. (cureffi.org)
To add branches to the fatty acid molecule, this system makes use of a particular enzyme known as branched-chain fatty acid synthase. (microbenotes.com)
The E 3 subunit is shared with two other enzymes: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (a citric acid cycle enzyme) and 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (a enzyme required for amino acid degradation) [ Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Evolution ]. (blogspot.com)
Recall that the E 3 subunit of PDC is shared with 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase, an enzyme required for the breakdown of branched chain amino acids. (blogspot.com)

In addition, the phosphate oxygen atoms on the PLP molecule interact with the Arg99, Val269, Val270, and Thr310 residues. (wikipedia.org)
Hunting from a distance of 27,000 light years, astronomers have discovered an unusual carbon-based molecule - one with a branched structure - contained within a giant gas cloud in interstellar space. (cornell.edu)
But the carbon structure of isopropyl cyanide branches off, making it the first interstellar detection of such a molecule, says Rob Garrod, Cornell senior research associate at the Center for Radiophysics and Space Research . (cornell.edu)
About 50 individual features for isopropyl cyanide (and 120 for normal-propyl cyanide, its straight-chain sister molecule) were identified in the ALMA spectrum of the Sagittarius B2 region. (cornell.edu)
The alternative forms of a molecule in which atoms or groups attached to the carbon chain point in different direction are termed steroisomers. (rincondelvago.com)
Be careful if the molecule contains Br or other atoms with two-letter code. (lu.se)
Any given molecule of PrP might end up with glycan chains attached at codon 181, codon 197, both, or neither. (cureffi.org)
Isoelectric point is the pH at which a molecule is neutrally charged, and this differs for many glycan chains, though unlike mass spec, you can't precisely identify every glycan chain. (cureffi.org)
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. (lookformedical.com)

Structural studies of human branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (hBCAT) revealed that the peptide bonds in both isoforms are all trans except for the bond between residues Gly338-Pro339. (wikipedia.org)
Although the CXXC motif is present only in mammalian BCATs, the surrounding amino acid residues were found to be highly conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
For capturing contacts between neighboring β strands, considering the distance between Cα atoms is better than the Cβ−based distance because the side-chain of interacting residues on β strands sometimes point to opposite directions. (biomedcentral.com)
21). Gelatin gels are built from collagen-like triple-helical junction zones, 100 -200 residues in length, connected by flexible single chains (22). (lu.se)

This reaction regulates metabolism of amino acids and is a crucial step in nitrogen shuttling throughout the whole body. (wikipedia.org)
Like other essential amino acids, glutamine can cross the blood-brain barrier, giving it the ability to freely enter the brain, making it vital in the process of nitrogen transport, acid-base regulation, gluconeogenesis, while also working as a precursor of nucleotide bases and the antioxidant glutathione. (swolverine.com)
WO 2006/135881 describes quaternized ammonium salts prepared by condensation of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and of an oxygen- or nitrogen-containing compound with a tertiary amino group, and subsequent quaternization by means of hydrocarbyl epoxide in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of an acid, especially acetic acid. (trea.com)

By contrast, although KD also impairs tumour SCD activity, KD-driven increases in lipid availability maintain the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios in tumours, and changing the KD fat composition to increase tumour saturated fatty acid levels cooperates with decreased tumour SCD activity to slow tumour growth. (nature.com)
These data suggest that diet-induced mismatches between tumour fatty acid desaturation activity and the availability of specific fatty acid species determine whether low glycaemic diets impair tumour growth. (nature.com)
We will explore subjects like straight-chain fatty acids, unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids, odd-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, omega-alicyclic fatty acids, and the synthesis of tuberculostearic acid as we dig into the complex world of fatty acid production in this article. (microbenotes.com)
Fatty Acid Synthesis. (microbenotes.com)
Fatty acid synthesis encompasses a complex series of enzymatic reactions that involve the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, followed by the sequential addition of two-carbon units to elongate the growing fatty acid chain in the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex. (microbenotes.com)
A sequence of events that are catalyzed by enzymes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and different elongases and desaturases result in the production of fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
The branched-chain fatty acid synthesizing system is a unique enzymatic system that is involved in the production of branched-chain fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
Branch-chain fatty acid synthesis is a crucial mechanism in some microorganisms and has effects on a number of biological phenomena. (microbenotes.com)
ACC is required for the catalysis of the first step in fatty acid synthesis. (medscape.com)
To a lesser extent, odd-chain fatty acid and cholesterol degradation also contribute. (medscape.com)

Glutamine is what's known as a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning that in certain conditions, it becomes essential to supplement or obtain from dietary sources. (swolverine.com)
L-Glutamine is the most abundant and naturally occurring conditionally essential amino acid in the human body. (swolverine.com)

BCATs in mammals catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, a reversible transamination followed by the oxidative decarboxylation of the transamination products α-ketoisocaproate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, and α-ketoisovalerate to isovaleryl-CoA, 3-methylbutyryl-CoA, and isobutyryl-CoA, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Most amino acids are then subjected to transportation to the liver and undergo further metabolism in the viscera (splanchnic) area and the stomach mucosal area. (fitdxb.com)
Biotin or B7, one of the B vitamins, is an essential nutrient that plays key roles in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. (medscape.com)
Through this carboxyl group, biotin is linked covalently to the β-amino group of lysine in 5 carboxylases that play critical roles in intermediary metabolism. (medscape.com)
Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
These pathways contribute to the diverse array of fatty acids found in biological systems and are essential for understanding lipid metabolism, health implications, and potential therapeutic interventions. (microbenotes.com)
The phenotype results from a defect in amino acid metabolism and not from a defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase. (blogspot.com)
Methylmalonic acidemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism, involving a defect in the conversion of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to succinyl-CoA. (medscape.com)

For example, the backbone carbon atom linked to the carbonyl group in an alpha amino acid, to which the side chain is attached. (rcsb.org)
The backbone atoms of the peptide in this region forms a right handed helical structure, hence the name. (rcsb.org)

The other five Branched Chain Amino Acids are Phenylalanine, Methionine, Tryptophane, Threonine and Lysine. (fitdxb.com)

The biosynthetic shikimate pathway consists of seven enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to generate chorismate, a critical branch point in the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids. (rcsb.org)
Odd-chain fatty acids and branched-chain fatty acids have unique biosynthetic pathways, while omega-alicyclic fatty acids and tuberculostearic acid synthesis are specific to certain organisms. (microbenotes.com)
The synthesis of fatty acids then uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. (microbenotes.com)

Because the amino acid subunits of enzymes are stereoisomers, enzymes typically react much more efficiently with one of the two stereoisomers of monosaccharides. (rincondelvago.com)

This study provides the first example of a strategy to design a practical ligand toward lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA) focusing on N-alkyl derivatives of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB). (bvsalud.org)
Comparison of the binding poses of DNJ and 5-C-methyl-L-ido-DNJ showed that they formed a common ionic interaction with Asp404, Asp518, and Asp616, but both the binding orientation and the distance between the ligand and each amino acid residue were different. (bvsalud.org)

The structure to the right of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was found using X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 2.20 Å. (wikipedia.org)
The branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase found in this image was isolated from mycobacteria. (wikipedia.org)

Certain microbes do anaerobic desaturation, which includes adding double bonds to fatty acids in the absence of oxygen. (microbenotes.com)

The first line of energy comes from glycogen, obtained from the food you eat, while the second source, is obtained from fatty acids. (swolverine.com)

In copolymerization , chains are formed that contain two or more different monomers. (allthescience.org)

That enables carbon atoms to form four covalent bonds, both with other carbon atoms and with atoms of other elements. (learn-biology.com)

In humans, branched chain amino acids are essential and are degraded by BCATs. (wikipedia.org)
Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. (drugbank.com)
Ultimately, if this is the case in reality, I would expect both H bonds and AA side chain bonds to occur, effectively, simultaneously, blurring the distinctions that have been established by humans. (stackexchange.com)

Despite being less prevalent than their even-chain cousins, these fatty acids are nonetheless crucial to many biological functions. (microbenotes.com)

Some authors suggest that the accumulation of methylmalonic acid and odd-chain fatty acids may be directly toxic to neuronal and glial cells. (medscape.com)

Short chains containing from three to seven carbons form the monosaccharides, the individual building blocks of carbohydrates. (rincondelvago.com)
The orientation of other groups attached to the carbon chain of carbohydrates also affects the properties and interactions of monosaccharides. (rincondelvago.com)

In general, OST recognizes two amino acid motifs - NXS and NXT - as its sites for attaching glycans. (cureffi.org)

The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. (drugbank.com)
PCC is required for the complete catabolism of several branched-chain amino acids and all odd-chain fatty acids. (medscape.com)

Skin care compositions comprising ascorbic acid and V-hydroxy acids are described in WO 02/055054, WO 01/066105 and US 5 629 004. (allindianpatents.com)
The use of ascorbic acid as a neutralising formulation for hair has been disclosed in US 5 051 252. (allindianpatents.com)
US 6 482 808 discloses compositions for restructuring keratin comprising ascorbic acid/salts, V-hydroxy acids are used to produce the free acids. (allindianpatents.com)
Preferred antioxidants are calcium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate, ammonium ascorbate, ascorbyl 2-phosphate, niacinamide ascorbate, 6-0-stearoyl-L-ascorbic acid, 6-0-palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid or mixtures thereof. (allindianpatents.com)
Ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred. (allindianpatents.com)

These fatty acids are generally produced by the process of lipogenesis, which transforms carbohydrates into fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
While carbohydrates can be synthesized from fatty acids through a process called gluconeogenesis, animals cannot resynthesize carbohydrates from fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
This inability to convert fatty acids back into carbohydrates underscores the importance of maintaining a balance between energy intake and expenditure. (microbenotes.com)

Lipoic acid (LA), also known as α-lipoic acid and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid). (nanochemia.ir)

An essential amino acid. (drugbank.com)
A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

found that the mammalian active site contains three surfaces: surface A (Phe75, Tyr207 and Thr240), surface B (Phe30, Tyr141, and Ala314), and surface C (Tyr70, Leu153 and Val155, located on the opposite domain) that bind to the substrate in a Van der Waals-type interaction with the branched side chains of the amino acid substrates. (wikipedia.org)

A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

These amino acids are utilized in several enzymatic reactions and support the muscle-building process, prevent muscle mass breakdown, and provide your body with more energy through neurotransmitter regulation. (swolverine.com)
When the number of amino acids being broken down exceeds the number of amino acids being created, you are in what is considered a breakdown of muscle mass, or a catabolic state. (swolverine.com)
Propionyl-CoA is produced during the breakdown of these amino acids, and through a series of enzymatic processes, it may then be changed into odd-chain fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)

Some authorities suggest that there are a total of ten essential amino acids that include Arginine and Histidine. (fitdxb.com)

Upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which synthesises monounsaturated fatty acids, is required for cancer cells to proliferate in a lipid-depleted environment, and CR also impairs tumour SCD activity to cause an imbalance between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to slow tumour growth. (nature.com)

For instance, isotope-assisted metabolomics technology has enabled the mapping of a global metabolic network, estimation of flux at branch points of metabolic pathways, and assignment of elemental formulas to unknown metabolites. (mdpi.com)

because if you look at their molecular structure, they all have what looks like a branch. (plixlife.com)
In order to explore the structure and analyze molecular interactions in atomic detail, the locations of each atom in the PDB must be uniquely assigned. (rcsb.org)

By convention, steroisomers are identified ad D- or L- depending on the directions pointed by atoms attached to the carbon chain. (rincondelvago.com)
In glyceraldehyde the -OH group can extend either to the left or to the right of the carbon chain with reference to the -CHO and -CH2OH groups. (rincondelvago.com)
There are no double bonds between the carbon atoms in the carbon chain of saturated straight-chain fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
Another category of fatty acids that have an odd number of carbon atoms in their carbon chain are known as odd-chain fatty acids. (microbenotes.com)
As the name indicates, branched-chain fatty acids have one or more branches in their carbon chain. (microbenotes.com)

Avian and human influenza A viruses prefer binding to sialic acids linked to a penultimate galactose by an α2-3 or α2-6 linkage, respectively ( 18 ). (cdc.gov)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)

The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. (drugbank.com)

where R is H, -COR" or R" , such that R" is a C1-C18 saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain optionally substituted with COOH groups, and R' is H, a metal ion, phosphate or cation. (allindianpatents.com)

Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. (lookformedical.com)

This study provides the first example of a strategy to design high-affinity ligands by introducing alkyl branches into rare sugars and L-sugar-type iminosugars to change the orientation of binding. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care1

BCAAs22

Valine4

Leucine2

BCAA9

Proteins21

Molecules13

Nine essential amino2

Protein16

Nucleic8

Hydrogen13

Enzyme6

Molecule9

Residues4

Nitrogen3

Fatty acid10

Conditionally essential2

Metabolism8

Backbone2

Phenylalanine1

Synthesis3

Subunits1

Ligand2

Aminotransferase2

Oxygen1

Obtained from fatty acids1

Monomers1

Covalent bonds1

Humans3

Crucial1

Accumulation1

Monosaccharides2

Attaching glycans1

Catabolism2

Ascorbic Acid5

Carbohydrates3

Alpha lipo1

Essential amin2

Substrates1

Glutamic acid1

Breakdown3

Histidine1

Lipid1

Metabolic pathways1

Molecular2

Carbon chain5

Galactose1

Organic1

Dehydrogenase1

Phosphate1

Aromatic1

Ligands1