• The PILS is a well-established aerosol collection device that provides a liquid sample containing dissolved aerosol particles which can be analyzed by various methods. (noaa.gov)
  • Furthermore, atmospheric processes, such as cloud condensation and ice nucleation events were shown to depend on airborne microbial particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • An aerosol nucleation chamber was employed to simulate aerosol nucleation and growth, and the number, size, and chemical composition of freshly nucleated particles as well as the gaseous aerosol precursors were simultaneously measured. (confex.com)
  • Light-absorbing particles in atmospheric dust deposited on snow cover (dust-on-snow, DOS) diminish albedo and accelerate the timing and rate of snow melt. (usgs.gov)
  • 2021), and chemistry of atmospheric biological particles (Axelrod et al. (dri.edu)
  • According to the model proposed here, the processes of electrochemical oxidation within separate aerosol particles are the basis for this phenomenon, and ball lightning is a cloud of composite nano or submicron particles, where each particle is a spontaneously formed nanobattery which is short-circuited by the surface discharge because it is of such a small size. (springer.com)
  • Discharge currents in the range of several amperes to several thousand amperes as well as the pre-explosive mega ampere currents, generated in the reduction-oxidation reactions and distributed between all the aerosol particles, explain both the magnetic attraction between the elements of the ball lightning substance and the impressive electromagnetic effects of ball lightning. (springer.com)
  • In this work, we identify and characterize the processes that control the aerosol population, their physicochemical properties, and the growth of particles in the vertical profile of the boundary layer. (usp.br)
  • The analysis of the occurrence of aerosol particles growth was focused on particles from 10 to 50 nm, with measurements between February 2014 and September 2020. (usp.br)
  • The past decade has seen mounting evidence that atmospheric particles are more damaging to health than previously thought. (cdc.gov)
  • Sadly, Professor Glen Cass, author of chapter 2 on the chemical composition of atmospheric ultrafine particles, passed away prematurely in July 2001. (cdc.gov)
  • Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
  • This can be used to classify aerosols and distinguish harmful particles from, e.g., natural constituents such as moisture. (lu.se)
  • Aerosol particles and their role for clouds and climate is an important part of climate research and of huge importance for air quality around the world. (lu.se)
  • VHL is equipped with meteorological instrumentation and can measure gases, aerosol particles, and precipitation chemistry. (lu.se)
  • While particle dissolution rate and chemical composition are important physicochemical properties for the toxicity of many particles, they are basically unimportant for the dosimetry of PSP, such as carbon black, coal, diesel soot, talc, and titanium dioxide, that are the focus of this review. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of such processes include formation of small particles (aerosols) in the atmosphere, cloud formation, radiative transfer, large-scale circulation in the atmosphere and oceans. (lu.se)
  • Large contribution of organic aerosols as compared to previous studies. (aaqr.org)
  • On-line aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) suggests that the chemical composition of the organic aerosols (OAs) was similar for HVO and diesel. (lu.se)
  • Organic aerosols are determinants of the aerosol scattering coefficient. (usp.br)
  • This project will make PILS (Particle-into-Liquid Sampler) measurements on the AEROMMA WP-3 NOAA aircraft to provide aerosol composition data for the AEROMMA Campaign. (noaa.gov)
  • The fundamental molecular mechanisms of new particle formation and growth are one of the least understood areas in atmospheric chemistry, which hinders regional pollution and global climate change predictions. (confex.com)
  • Spectroscopy Soil dust aerosols are mixtures of different minerals, whose relative abundances, particle size distribution (PSD), shape, surface topography and mixing state influence their effect upon climate. (bsc.es)
  • The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (THC) and particle phase (OA) and only marginally affected OA composition. (lu.se)
  • Measurements of particle number size distribution, scattering, and radiation absorption were used and the chemical composition of aerosols, together with remote sensing data. (usp.br)
  • It was observed that 72 % of aerosol particle transport events occur first at 325 m, which is expected for processes dominated by convective downward currents. (usp.br)
  • New metrics to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter and health are also being considered, including particle number concentration, particle composition measures, and particle oxidative load. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of such models are box models based on MCM (Master Chemical Mechanism) or similar chemical schemes linked to some dynamic aerosol particle representations often based on information from laboratory work. (lu.se)
  • Gases and particle composition and properties can be measured with a unique suite of advanced instrumentation enabling an ensemble of analyses that competes on the highest international level. (lu.se)
  • The OMI sensor on the AURA platform has opened up a new era of atmospheric composition characterization and monitoring. (esipfed.org)
  • Eminent researchers from a wide range of disciplines met together over two days to consider the current state of our knowledge and understanding of ultrafine aerosol generation, characterization, transportation, exposure and toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Characterization of aerosols containing microcystin. (cdc.gov)
  • We are at the forefront when it comes to exposure/emission characterization with advanced state-of-the-art online and offline instrumentation, such as time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. (lu.se)
  • The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. (nature.com)
  • The circulation of atmospheric microorganisms results in global health concerns and ecological processes such as widespread dispersal of both pathogens and antibiotic resistances, cloud formation and precipitation, and colonization of pristine environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this presentation we report experimental results of the effects of organic acids on aerosol nucleation and growth processes. (confex.com)
  • The CATCH mission is to facilitate atmospheric chemistry research within the international community, with a focus on natural processes specific to cold regions of the Earth. (solas-int.org)
  • The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is the pan-European research infrastructure producing high-quality data and information on short-lived atmospheric constituents and on the processes leading to the variability of these constituents in natural and controlled atmospheres. (psi.ch)
  • It offers access to advanced technological platforms for exploration of the relevant atmospheric processes in the fields of climate change and air quality. (psi.ch)
  • Atmospheric composition and processes play a key role in environmental and societal challenges such as air quality, adverse health impacts or climate change. (psi.ch)
  • In order to understand physical, chemical and biological processes relevant to phytoplankton bloom formation in the ocean, dynamics of VOCs and marine aerosols in the atmosphere, and the biogeochemical linkage between the ocean and the atmosphere, we welcome new interdisciplinary presentations and active discussions on physical, chemical, and biological sciences both from ocean and atmospheric fields in this session. (jpgu.org)
  • The propagation of pulsed laser radiation along the atmospheric ground paths containing droplet aerosols (fog, drizzle, rain) belongs to a class of problems in nonlinear optics in which the multiple-factor nature and nonadditivity of the processes affecting the transmission of the radiation channel are strongly pronounced. (spie.org)
  • Quantifying atmospheric aerosol, clouds and precipitation processes are critical needs for understanding and interpreting Earth's changing energy budget, is a DOE objective, and is of broader benefit to the public. (sbir.gov)
  • Detailed chemical and aerosol processes are tested in process models where explicit formulations can be used. (lu.se)
  • Flow reactors and chambers are used to test reaction mechanisms and aerosol processes, while larger oxidation chambers and the access to European infrastructures within strategic research collaboration, e.g. the Plan chamber in Julich and the SAPHIR chamber, allow to mimick atmospheric conditions. (lu.se)
  • From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
  • Another process, microbial transport in the atmosphere, is critical for understanding the role microorganisms play in meteorology, atmospheric chemistry and public health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Limited understanding of the production and loss of organic aerosol (OA) to the atmosphere has resulted in poorly constrained source estimates ranging from 140 to 910 TgCyr−1 [Goldstein and Galbally, 2007]. (nasa.gov)
  • ATom deploys an extensive gas and aerosol payload on the NASA DC-8 aircraft for systematic, global-scale sampling of the atmosphere, profiling continuously from 0.2 to 12 km altitude. (nasa.gov)
  • The Atmospheric Chemistry Group, directed by Dr. Vera Samburova, is a research group developed for chemical analysis of organic species in the atmosphere. (dri.edu)
  • Her research includes the study of the chemical composition and aging of bioaerosols in the atmosphere using GC-MS, UPLC/MS, and NMR techniques. (dri.edu)
  • Satellites, on the other hand, can provide a maximum coverage of the horizontal and vertical atmosphere but observe aerosol optical properties (and not aerosol speciation) based on remote sensing instrumentation. (nasa.gov)
  • When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. (lu.se)
  • The overarching theme of Dr. Hallar's research is using high quality measurements of trace gases, aerosol physical and chemical properties, and cloud microphysics to understand connections between the biosphere, atmosphere, and climate, along with the impact of anthropogenic emissions on these connections. (utah.edu)
  • GAVIN SCHMIDT:] The key environmental question facing us now (and for at least the next century) is to what extent are the changes we are making to the atmosphere, to the oceans, to the composition of the air, going to impact sea levels, temperature, and rainfall and hydrological resources? (edge.org)
  • Between April 2002 and June 2017, the Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) made continuous measurements of a suite of in situ aerosol optical properties at a long-term monitoring site near Trinidad Head (THD), California. (copernicus.org)
  • The Chinese icebreaker Xue Long set out for the Arctic Ocean in 2017 to investigate how aerosols were drifting around in the clear Arctic air and to determine their sources. (azocleantech.com)
  • The Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is a distributed infrastructure dedicated to high-quality observation of aerosols, clouds, trace gases and exploration of their interactions. (psi.ch)
  • It will deliver precision data, services and procedures regarding the 4D variability of clouds, short-lived atmospheric species and the physical, optical and chemical properties of aerosols to improve the current capacity to analyse, understand and predict past, current and future evolution of the atmospheric environment. (psi.ch)
  • Permanent and long-term observations of aerosols, clouds and trace gases at distributed National Facilities are performed by ACTRIS ERIC member countries. (psi.ch)
  • They are defined, characterized and derived using simultaneous in situ gas-phase, chemical and optical instruments on the same aircraft during the Study of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4 RS, an airborne field campaign carried out over the US during the summer of 2013). (nasa.gov)
  • The overall aim of RA3 is to formulate and validate a model framework - linking vegetation, aerosols, clouds and their climate feedbacks. (lu.se)
  • the subsequent atmospheric oxidation of BVOCs and their secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential, with consequences for clouds, global radiation and precipitation. (lu.se)
  • RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
  • Within the framework of the AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) initiat. (knmi.nl)
  • We use satellite observations to quantitatively estimate the atmospheric burden of organic aerosol and the associated production. (nasa.gov)
  • Identifying chemical aerosol signatures using optical suborbital observations: how much can optical properties tell us about aerosol composition? (nasa.gov)
  • Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations. (utah.edu)
  • Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Trans-Pacific Asian Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site. (utah.edu)
  • ICOS and ACTRIS aim at producing long-term high-quality observations of long-lived greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers as well as other relevant atmospheric pollutants. (lu.se)
  • In addition to aerosol optical properties, between 2002-2006 a scanning humidograph system was operated, and inorganic ion and total aerosol mass concentrations were obtained from filter measurements. (copernicus.org)
  • The mass concentrations and chemical compositions of the aerosols varied with trajectory pathway, which caused large fluctuations in κ values especially at higher SS conditions. (aaqr.org)
  • This dataset provides information on greenhouse gases and human-produced air pollution, including atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3) and black carbon (BC) aerosols, collected during airborne campaigns conducted by NASA's Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. (nasa.gov)
  • Further pilot-scale tests examined the atmospheric concentrations of dust via personal dust monitors downwind of foamed rock dust production and application. (cdc.gov)
  • Variation in pH of Model Secondary Organic Aerosol during Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. (rit.edu)
  • The DOC was also effective in reducing secondary organic aerosol formation upon atmospheric aging. (lu.se)
  • These measurements will provide high chemical specificity of sulfur species to complement other aerosol composition measurements to be deployed, such as aerosol mass spectrometry, and will be used to address the following research questions: (1) What are the differences in the type of sulfate observed in urban vs. marine emissions? (noaa.gov)
  • The objectives of this study were to determine if wildland fire smoke is an atmospheric source of viable microbes and biological INPs and estimate the scale of their emissions. (nature.com)
  • Qualitative Analysis of E-Liquid Emissions as a Function of Flavor Additives Using Two Aerosol Capture Methods. (rit.edu)
  • However, RME both reduced the OA emissions and changed the composition with evidence for fuel signatures in the mass spectra. (lu.se)
  • We show that the physical characteristics of aerosols at heights of 60 and 325 m are different, with those closest to the canopy being dominated by biogenic emissions and those at 325 m being more processed and influenced by long-range transport. (usp.br)
  • In our aerosol lab facilities we can study mechanisms of emissions and dispersion in a highly controlled environment. (lu.se)
  • Sea salt aerosols play an important role in the radiation budget and atmospheric composition over the Arctic, where the climate is rapidly changing. (copernicus.org)
  • The field of bioaerosol research studies the taxonomy and community composition of airborne microbial organisms, also referred to as the air microbiome. (wikipedia.org)
  • We find that all four AMTs, studied when prescribed using mostly airborne in situ gas measurements, can be successfully extracted from a few combinations of airborne in situ aerosol optical properties (e.g., extinction Ångström exponent, absorption Ångström exponent and real refractive index). (nasa.gov)
  • Here we use data from the NASA airborne HSRL-2 instrument, which retrieves aerosol extinction profiles at 355, 532, and 1064 nm from backscatter measurements. (colorado.edu)
  • The innovative payload configuration used for PHILEAS provides us with the opportunity to investigate the effects and development of the smoke plumes on the corresponding composition and their impact on the environment," explained Professor Peter Hoor, head of the Airborne Measurements group at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at Mainz University. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Currently, she is in her second semester as a master's student of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Nevada, Reno. (dri.edu)
  • Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. (utah.edu)
  • Advancements in Connecting the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Traditional and Emerging Atmospheric Aerosols with Their Climate Effects by Professor Yue ZHANG, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, U.S.A. (edu.hk)
  • In ACTRIS, the National Facilities are comprised of i) Observational Platforms, which cover the classical measurements of atmospheric air pollutants and cloud properties at rural and background sites and of ii) Exploratory Platforms, which are additional facilities for answering more science-based questions, such as atmospheric simulation chambers and mobile installations. (psi.ch)
  • The research programmes on trace gases (i.e. greenhouse gases, reactive air pollutants) and aerosols at the Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3571 m a.s.l.) are among the most comprehensive worldwide. (psi.ch)
  • The heat of the fires can result in powerful convection currents that bring aerosols and pollutants to elevations of 12 kilometers or more. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Extended monitoring of the composition of and human exposure to air pollutants is recommended. (who.int)
  • While the influences of local anthropogenic sources from vehicular and marine traffic are visible in the optical aerosol data, their influence is largely dictated by the wind direction at the site. (copernicus.org)
  • Comparison of the THD aerosol climatology to that reported for other marine sites shows that the location is representative of clean marine measurements, even with the periodic influence of anthropogenic sources. (copernicus.org)
  • The average absorption and scattering coefficients, abs,637nm and scat,525nm, under atmospheric conditions without significant anthropogenic impacts were 0.14/Mm and 4.4/Mm, respectively. (usp.br)
  • A strong spectral dependence of the mass scattering efficiencies with the incident radiation wavelength was observed, and, in particular, they were significantly larger at 60 m, showing that the aerosol population close to the canopy is more effective in scattering the radiation. (usp.br)
  • Monitoring and forecasting stratospheric ozone and the related surface UV radiation have become a service activity, for example as undertaken within the pilot atmospheric service of Europe's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) initiative (Hollingsworth et al. (wmo.int)
  • This comprehensive dataset will be used to improve the representation of chemically reactive gases and short-lived climate forcers in global models of atmospheric chemistry and climate. (nasa.gov)
  • High-altitude ground-based remote sensing is well-suited for long-term profile measurements of trace gases and aerosols, and provides unique sensitivity to the free troposphere. (colorado.edu)
  • Leveraging the data from these three measurement sites, the vertically-resolved spatiotemporal variation of trace gases and aerosols can be characterized in both hemispheres. (colorado.edu)
  • During the summer, the Asian monsoon distributes aerosols and greenhouse gases throughout the entire Northern Hemisphere. (eurasiareview.com)
  • During summer and early autumn, air masses containing increased levels of greenhouse gases and aerosols frequently split off from this high-pressure zone. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Long-term atmospheric aerosol study in the Finnish arctic: chemical composition, source types and source regions. (atomki.hu)
  • Eddingsaas, Nathan C. "Acidic Atmospheric Aerosols: Chemical Composition and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. (rit.edu)
  • Chemical composition of the critical nuclei was measured using Thermal Desorption-Ion Drift-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. (confex.com)
  • Size resolved CCN activity and bulk chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in the submicrometer size range were measured at Noto Ground-based Research Observatory (NOTOGRO), facing the Sea of Japan at the tip of Noto Peninsula, in autumn 2012. (aaqr.org)
  • The hygroscopicity parameter κ , which depends on the chemical composition of aerosols, was estimated from analysis of the CCN spectra. (aaqr.org)
  • The bulk chemical composition derived by an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) also indicated the significant mass fraction of organics in the submicrometer size range. (aaqr.org)
  • These products of atmospheric composition are also available for assimilation into chemical models which in turn can improve the chemical forecasts. (esipfed.org)
  • Improvements in air quality and Earth's climate predictions require improvements of the aerosol speciation in chemical transport models, using observational constraints. (nasa.gov)
  • Currently the chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter is measured either by off-line analyses of time-integrated filter samples, or by in-situ instruments requiring near-constant operator oversight. (sbir.gov)
  • The aerosol chemical composition is mainly dominated by the organic fraction, with 80 % of the mass of PM1. (usp.br)
  • In the nanometer range we encounter aerosols, their impact on the environment and public health greatly depend on their chemical composition and sizes. (lu.se)
  • Using real-world measurements and model systems like e.g. artificial wetlands, we study how amounts released and material characteristics such as morphology and chemical composition affect the environment. (lu.se)
  • Multiple scattering effects in droplet aerosols were investigated theoretically using three different numerical approaches and experimentally by means of a specially developed measuring system. (spie.org)
  • this can make it difficult to definitively characterize the natural marine aerosol. (copernicus.org)
  • It also delivers absorbing aerosol index and other parameters that characterize atmospheric composition. (esipfed.org)
  • Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. (lu.se)
  • Aerosols remain a major source of uncertainty in the global radiative budget. (colorado.edu)
  • Dr. Samburova's research group focuses on the analysis of these atmospheric organic species with different analytical techniques, including gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography with UV-Vis and MS detectors, nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. (dri.edu)
  • We use a model (GEOS‐Chem) to remove the contribution of inorganic aerosol, dust and soot from the observed AOD and derive a continental OA production of 150 TgCyr−1 (equivalent burden of 2.5 TgC), with 80% uncertainty. (nasa.gov)
  • The CCN activation diameters of ambient aerosols were clearly larger than those of pure ammonium sulfate under all SS conditions. (aaqr.org)
  • The goal of FRAGMENT is to understand and constrain the global mineralogical composition of dust along with itseffects upon climate. (bsc.es)
  • This dataset is reanalyzed here to investigate the effects of aerosol water on dry aerosol size and composition, and our ability to constrain Mie calculations to obtain multispectral optical closure. (colorado.edu)
  • Studies that combine vertically-resolved measurements of aerosol size distributions and refractive index (inferred from aerosol composition measurements) are needed to assess our understanding of multispectral aerosol optical closure. (colorado.edu)
  • With the Scheimpflug lidar we can also detect single aerosols by which means the size distributions can be estimated. (lu.se)
  • The increase in brown carbon aerosols will lead to global or regional warming, which increases the probability and frequency of wildfires. (azocleantech.com)
  • Fu and his collaborators aim to look into how wildfires change the composition of aerosols from resources other than brown carbon in the future. (azocleantech.com)
  • Impacts of increasing aridity and wildfires on aerosol loading in the intermountain Western US. (utah.edu)
  • A combined analysis of these datasets demonstrates consistent patterns in aerosol climatology and highlights changes in sources throughout the year. (copernicus.org)
  • Several different organic acids were employed in our measurements to examine the effects of organic functionality on aerosol nucleation and growth. (confex.com)
  • I investigate how climatic variability, weather, and land uses affect surfaces and ecosystems of deserts, with emphasis on sediment eroded, transported, and deposited by wind, mostly as atmospheric dust. (usgs.gov)
  • Atmospheric dust deposited to snow cover (dust-on-snow) diminishes snow-surface albedo (SSA) to result in early onset and accelerated rate of melting, effects that challenge management of downstream water resources. (usgs.gov)
  • However, Earth System Models typically assume that dust aerosols have a globally uniform composition, neglecting the known regional variations in the mineralogy of thesources. (bsc.es)
  • Through diode laser multiplexing we can accomplish aerosol laser radar in multiple bands such as distinct spectral bands or depolarization bands. (lu.se)
  • Eddingsaas, Nathan C. "Formation of Low Vapor Pressure Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols: Mechanism of Organosulfate Formation. (rit.edu)
  • Marine phytoplankton can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and marine atmospheric aerosols, which strongly influence on atmospheric chemistry. (jpgu.org)
  • Aerosol chemistry and hygroscopicity varied with trajectory pathway. (aaqr.org)
  • Combinations of satellite-derived aerosol optical properties can inform on air mass aerosol types (AMTs). (nasa.gov)
  • The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) is a laboratory located in a primary forest region in the Central Amazon, ideal for studying the aerosol properties in the vertical profile, particularly at heights of 60 and 325 m from the ground. (usp.br)
  • Apparent differences in aerosol physical properties between 60 and 325 m in height were observed for scat,525nm, and aerosol volume. (usp.br)
  • Microbial viability of smoke aerosols based on formazan production and epifluorescent microscopy revealed no significant difference in the viable fraction (~80%) when compared to samples of ambient air. (nature.com)
  • The changes in nutrient dynamics generally affect the abundance, composition and metabolic activity of marine organisms such as phytoplankton and bacteria during the bloom. (jpgu.org)
  • Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at US national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory. (utah.edu)
  • of which, the emission factors and stable carbon isotope composition are important basic data. (bvsalud.org)
  • The terrestrial carbon cycle and aerosol-cloud-climate interactions are key components in the climate system, but they are complex to describe in climate models. (lu.se)