• Atipamezole (Antisedan,™ Orion Pharmaceuticals, Espoo, Finland) was administered at three times the medetomidine dose by IM injection in the TMK group. (vin.com)
  • For anesthetic reversal, atipamezole (Antisedan®, 5 mg/ml, Orion Pharma Animal Health, Espoo, Finland) was administered IM at 5 times the medetomidine dose. (vin.com)
  • It is reversible with Antisedan (atipamezole) which makes it very useful for short procedures. (chkittyclub.com)
  • Madison, N.J. -- Pfizer Animal Health is voluntarily recalling one lot each of Antisedan® (atipamezole hydrochloride) Sterile Injectable Solution and Dexdomitor® (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride) Sterile Injectable Solution after it was discovered that some of these products may contain foreign particles. (dvm360.com)
  • Pharmacology - Atipamezole competitively inhibits alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors, thereby acting as a reversal agent for alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists ( e.g. , medetomidine). (elephantcare.org)
  • Uses/Indications - Atipamezole is labeled for use as a reversal agent for medetomidine. (elephantcare.org)
  • Sedation of Thai Working Elephants with Xylazine and Atipamezole as a Reversal. (elephantcare.org)
  • This study assessed and compared the characteristics of anaesthesia induced with combinations of sufentanil and medetomidine administered as a single subcutaneous or intraperitoneal dose, and reversal with butorphanol and atipamezole. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The induction of anaesthesia with sufentanil/medetomidine and its reversal with a combination of atipamezole and butorphanol is an effective technique for anaesthetizing rats. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although this can be achieved by the addition of medetomidine, as in other species, recovery is still relatively prolonged even after reversal of the medetomidine with atipamezole [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study compared the effects of a combination of fentanyl-midazolam-medetomidine (FMM), followed by reversal with naloxone and atipamezole, with ketamine (KET) in rhesus macaques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Butorphanol has a unique "ceiling effect", that is, after the effective action has been attained, further increases of the dose do not increase or enhance the degree of desired pharmacologic effects [6] . (veteriankey.com)
  • Butorphanol is the most frequently used opioid in ruminants, and recommended doses are 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV or subcutaneous (SC) every 4-6 hours [7] . (veteriankey.com)
  • To investigate the effects of a fixed dose of atipamezole (AT), flumazenil (FL), and 4-aminopyridine (AP), both alone and in combination, on changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate induced by medetomidine (ME), midazolam (MI), and ketamine (KE) under isoflurane anesthesia with controlled ventilation in healthy cats. (vetlit.org)
  • c) 8-14 µg/kg atipamezole was given to partially reverse xylazine (33-72 µg/kg) to achieve standing sedation with responsiveness to voice commands in a 5000 kg male Asian elephant sedated on 3 occasions for treatment of a foot abscess (Honeyman et.al. (elephantcare.org)
  • d) Atipamezole effectively reverses medetomidine sedation at doses of 200 mcg/kg body weight. (elephantcare.org)
  • Table 1: CANINE SEDATION/ANALGESIA DOSE TABLE: Intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) dosing on the basis of body weight. (nih.gov)
  • Higher doses of a single tranquilizer/sedative are often needed in order to produce desirable central nervous system ( CNS ) depression, whereas combinations of different classes of drugs are more likely to achieve the degree of sedation and restraint required for the procedure but with lower doses of each drug and thus reduction of the side effects of each drug. (veteriankey.com)
  • However, at standing sedation doses, the analgesic effect of xylazine appears to be minimal. (veteriankey.com)
  • Doses up to 0.025-0.05 mg/kg IV are required to produce standing sedation in extremely anxious or unruly cattle [3] . (veteriankey.com)
  • Similarly, detomidine alone has been administered to produce dose‐dependent standing sedation and recumbency. (veteriankey.com)
  • Sedation produced with doses from 0.002 to 0.075 mg/kg IV is adequate to calm tractable and anxious cattle, while doses from 0.01 to 0.015 mg/kg IV are required for unruly cattle [3] . (veteriankey.com)
  • However, if adequate standing sedation cannot be achieved with what would be expected to be an appropriate dose of an α 2 agonist, a drug from a different class should be used to improve sedation instead of increasing the dose of the α 2 agonist to avoid profound ataxia and recumbency. (veteriankey.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess the impact on gastrointestinal transit time of ketamine-midazolam (KMZ) versus ketamine-medetomidine (later antagonised by atipamezole) (KMT-A) in rabbits. (awionline.org)
  • Opioids provide potent analgesia, and concurrent administration can lower the dose of inhalant or barbiturate general anesthetics for surgery. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • The choice of preanesthetic dose depends on the duration and severity of the procedure, as well as the anesthetic regime. (nih.gov)
  • Injectable induction drug requirements for intubation will be reduced between 30% and 60%, depending on the choice of anesthetic and the dexmedetomidine preanesthetic dose. (nih.gov)
  • The concentration of inhalation maintenance anesthetic will be reduced between 40% and 60%, depending on the dose of dexmedetomidine. (nih.gov)
  • The anesthetic dose should always be titrated against the response of the patient. (nih.gov)
  • For anesthetic maintenance gas anesthesia is best, maintaining anesthesia with injectable anesthetics for a spay would require doses that would prolong the recovery period. (chkittyclub.com)
  • Xylazine produces varying degrees of CNS depression depending on the dose administered. (veteriankey.com)
  • In Norwegian cattle, a higher dose of xylazine (0.55 mg/kg IM) was capable of inducing complete immobilization [4] . (veteriankey.com)
  • For example, dogs weighing 2 kg are dosed at 28.1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine IV, compared to dogs weighing 80 kg that are dosed at 8.7 mcg/kg. (nih.gov)
  • Dexmedetomidine dose range is 0.001 to 0.0075 mg/kg. (vasg.org)
  • increasing the dose to 0.1-0.2 mg/kg causes recumbency and light anesthesia to occur [2] . (veteriankey.com)
  • Chemistry/Storage/Stability/Compatibility - An alpha 2 -adrenergic antagonist, atipamezole HCl injection should be stored at room temperature (15°-30°C) and protected from light. (elephantcare.org)
  • When overdosed, dose related effects seen included panting, excitement, trembling, vomiting, soft or liquid feces, vasodilatation of sclera and some muscle injury at the IM injection site. (elephantcare.org)
  • Post-injection, atipamezole (0.67 mg/kg) was administered. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Due to the small volume of administration, accurate dosing is not possible in dogs weighing less than 2 kg (4.4 lb). (nih.gov)
  • Reverse the signs caused by the a2-adrenergic agonist imidazoline decongestant in the eye drops with atipamezole and keep Missy in hospital on fluids. (aspcapro.org)
  • Seventy percent of cortical development of supratherapeutic oral doses, as prozac backlash: a thick discharge, alexander sp. (respitefarm.net)
  • Amitraz, in an appropriate dose, can cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes. (silvertatoo.com)
  • When too high a dose has been given, amiraz poisoning can occur. (silvertatoo.com)
  • Reverse the signs caused by the a2-adrenergic agonist imidazoline decongestant in the eye drops with a single dose of atipamezole and send the pet home. (aspcapro.org)
  • Contraindications/Precautions/Reproductive Safety - While the manufacturer lists no absolute contraindications to the use of atipamezole, it states that the drug is not recommended in pregnant or lactating animals due to lack of data establishing safety in these animals. (elephantcare.org)
  • Drug Interactions - The manufacturer states that information on the use of atipamezole with other drugs is lacking, therefore, caution should be taken when using with other drugs (other than medetomidine). (elephantcare.org)
  • The bears were darted from a helicopter with medetomidine, zolazepam and tiletamine (MZT) using standard drug doses according to body size (Table 1). (vin.com)
  • The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. (cdc.gov)
  • For higher weight ranges, use DEXDOMITOR's higher concentration and its associated dosing chart. (nih.gov)
  • Atipamezole, being an a2-adrenergic antagonist, will reverse the signs, but the half-life of atipamezole is short, so additional doses may be indicated, based on the clinical signs that the pet is showing. (aspcapro.org)
  • Table 2: CANINE PREANESTHESIA DOSE TABLE: Intramuscular (IM) dosing on the basis of body weight. (nih.gov)
  • The kob were weighed, and body weight was used to determine the actual dose of drugs administered. (vin.com)
  • She can go home when she has not needed a repeat dose of atipamezole for four hours. (aspcapro.org)
  • Note that this is a general (i.e. not elephant specific dose). (elephantcare.org)
  • This study provides a detailed characterization of the dose-dependent impact of ionizing radiation on skin cells (45, 60, or 80 grays). (mdpi.com)