Atherosclerotic foam cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

These complications are caused by thrombotic arterial occlusion localized at the site of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques, of which early detection and therapeutic stabilization are urgently needed. (nature.com)
We suggest that near-infrared autofluorescence imaging is a novel technology that allows identification of atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and ultimately holds promise for detection of high-risk plaques in patients. (nature.com)
The development of a method to reliably identify high-risk atherosclerotic plaques is seen as one of the major quests of contemporary cardiovascular medicine. (nature.com)
Significant efforts have been made to characterize and risk stratify carotid and coronary atherosclerotic plaques using various imaging technologies. (nature.com)
We here propose the use of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) for the identification of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. (nature.com)
In contrast, our study demonstrates that autofluorescence in the NIR range uniquely characterizes atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and may allow classification of atherosclerotic plaques into lesions of low or high risk for future cardiovascular events. (nature.com)
Besides establishing fluorescence emission tomography (FLECT) as a preclinical tool for the detection of plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage and its potential use in testing and monitoring of plaque-stabilizing drugs, our report has the potential to support technical developments for imaging technologies that will ultimately allow to risk stratify atherosclerotic plaques in patients and, in particular, to identify plaques that are prone to cause cardiovascular events. (nature.com)
A non-linear optical imaging modality (NLOM), coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, can be used to image lipid-rich structures commonly found in atherosclerotic plaques. (springer.com)
In combination with supervised machine learning, CARS imaged morphological features can be used to characterize the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. (springer.com)
Based on a set of label-free CARS images of atherosclerotic plaques (i.e. foam cell clusters) from a Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit model, we developed an automated pipeline to classify atherosclerotic lesions based on their major morphological features. (springer.com)
Atherosclerotic plaques eventually lead to the blockage of blood flow, causing in extreme cases, the eventual rupture of the arteries [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
In the groups (both the initiation and the progression) receiving recombinant IL-27 administration, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques was suspended, and the percentage of regulatory T cells (LAP + or Foxp3 + ) in the spleen and peripheral blood was increased. (hindawi.com)
Infiltrating monocytes take up the modified low-density lipoproteins and become foam cells, which make plaques unstable, resulting in acute myocardial infarction [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tregs produce cytokines, including TGF- β [ 8 ] and IL-10 [ 9 ], which can suppress the development and characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques. (hindawi.com)
New evidence shows for the first time that the virus that causes COVID directly infects atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries, producing a persistent inflammatory response. (medscape.com)
They found an accumulation of viral RNA in atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries, which was particularly concentrated in lipid-rich macrophage foam cells present within the plaques. (medscape.com)
They suggest that these macrophages may act as viral reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in atherosclerotic plaques. (medscape.com)
C reactive protein (CRP), an important serum marker of atherosclerotic vascular disease, has recently been reported to be active inside human atherosclerotic plaques. (bmj.com)
Cryostat sections of atherosclerotic plaques were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD68 (macrophages), anti-5G4 (CRP), aE11 (MAC), and 12E7 (oxLDL). (bmj.com)
The presence of CRP, complement, and oxLDL in a high proportion of plaque tissue from patients with unstable coronary artery disease implies that these surrogate markers have important proinflammatory effects inside atherosclerotic plaques. (bmj.com)
2,6 More refined analysis of local vascular inflammation and the cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic plaques revealed that there is a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines and that this balance is crucial for lesion development ( Figure 2A). (researchgate.net)
During this process, many inflammatory factors are released, leading to aggravated progression of atherosclerosis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The study found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication in all analyzed human autopsy coronaries regardless of their pathological classification, although viral replication was highest in early-stage lesions that progress to more advanced atherosclerotic plaques. (medscape.com)
These so called foam cells appear to be the most abundant cells within atherosclerotic plaques. (sciencepop.org)
A quality feature of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques is certainly their relative lack of ability to migrate. (sciencepop.org)
Lately it has been associated with increased mobile cholesterol in macrophage-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques because of endocytosis of customized 8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester lipoproteins [5]-[7]. (sciencepop.org)
Migration of macrophages and dendritic cells related phagocytic antigen presenting cells has recently been shown to be critical for their egress out of plaques a key step in the regression of atherosclerotic plaques [9]-[14]. (sciencepop.org)
Atherosclerotic plaque regression or the reversal of pre-established atherosclerotic plaques is 8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester an important goal in the design of anti-atherosclerosis therapies which would be administered to patients with pre-established disease [15]. (sciencepop.org)
Thus mechanisms for inducing macrophage migration in response to appropriate chemotactic factors which could lead to their egress out of atherosclerotic plaques are important for designing novel therapeutics aimed at stimulating atherosclerotic plaque regression. (sciencepop.org)
A study of atherosclerotic plaque regression in mice has reported significant alterations in the expression of a variety of genes in inflammatory cells in the regressing plaques including significantly increased expression of the scavenger receptor class B type I. (sciencepop.org)
The earliest pathologic descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions focused on morphologies of fatty streaks to fibroatheromas (FAs) and advanced plaques complicated by hemorrhage, calcification, ulceration, and thrombosis. (medscape.com)
We develop a free boundary multiphase model for early atherosclerotic plaques, and we use it to investigate the effects of impaired macrophage anti-inflammatory behaviour on plaque structure and growth. (arxiv.org)
Atherosclerosis is characterised by an alteration of the vascular endothelium and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that decrease the lumen of blood vessels. (pocketdentistry.com)
In the aortic root, HF-fed vitamin D-deficient mice had increased macrophage infiltration with increased fat accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation, but a lower prevalence of the M1 macrophage phenotype within atherosclerotic plaques. (vitamindwiki.com)
It is well established that cholesterol ester-enriched foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. (vondellhenderson.com)
Early atherosclerotic plaques arise when immune cells, mostly macrophages, ingest oxidised LDL cholesterol and create foam cells. (wellnessofhealth.com)
The purpose of the study was to observe microscopic atherosclerotic plaques, both calcium-rich and lipid-rich. (exciscope.com)

Genome-wide analysis of LXRalpha activation reveals new transcriptional networks in human atherosclerotic foam cells. (mpg.de)
Genome-wide analysis of LXR-alpha regulated transcriptional networks in human atherosclerotic foam cell development. (mpg.de)

It is commonly used to detect risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease possibly due to increased plaque inflammation. (bvsalud.org)

This mouse model was instrumental for the description of NIRAF as a potential indicator of an atherosclerotic plaque's risk in causing future cardiovascular events. (nature.com)
We also found that the virus persists in these foam cells that could be responsible for long-term, low-grade inflammation in the vasculature that could contribute to the long-term cardiovascular manifestations in patients who have recovered from COVID," she said. (medscape.com)
SARS-CoV-2 induced a strong inflammatory response as evidenced by release of cytokines (including interleukin-1 beta and interluekin-6 that are linked to myocardial infarction) in both macrophages and foam cells, which may contribute to the ischemic cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19. (medscape.com)
Despite the effectiveness of statin therapy in reducing the incidence and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), considerable residual risk remains for patients with hypertriglyceridemia. (acc.org)
This chapter describes the relationship of peri-odontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). (pocketdentistry.com)
BACKGROUND: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has emerged as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with activation of macrophage inflammasomes as a potential underlying mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world. (biomedcentral.com)

13 Conjugated quercetin metabolites accumulate in human atherosclerotic lesion sites, but not in normal arteries. (rsc.org)
Immune mechanisms are thought to play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, 1, 2 and inflammatory mediators are thought to be instrumental in early atherosclerotic lesion formation, plaque progression, and plaque rupture. (bmj.com)
A) The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is crucial for lesion development and imbalance is colloquially referred to exacerbate atherosclerotic disease. (researchgate.net)
In the past few years, inflammation has emerged as a major driving force of atherosclerotic lesion development. (researchgate.net)
The monocytes then differentiate into macrophages and uptake modified LDLs to become foam cells with a feature of intracellular cholesterol accumulation as lipid droplets, which is the hallmark of early lesion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The atherosclerotic lesion size of EX-527-treated mice was greatly increased compared to that of the mice in the control group. (nih.gov)

CAD, also known as ischaemic heart disease, involves the reduction of sufficient blood flow to the heart muscles due to atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries. (pocketdentistry.com)

Quercetin -rich vegetables such as onion and lettuce in meals are quite popular, and the daily intake of quercetin in Western countries is estimated to be 10-20 mg. 3 The extensive studies using cell cultures and experimental animals have clearly indicated its anti-atherosclerotic and anti-carcinogenic effects, as well as its protective action in the central nervous system (CNS). (rsc.org)
the hypothesis was that IPE's ASCVD benefit derived from anti-atherosclerotic properties. (acc.org)

We also find that emigration can potentially slow or halt plaque growth by allowing material to exit the plaque, but this is contingent on the availability of live macrophage foam cells in the deep plaque. (arxiv.org)

Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons, VLDL, Lp(a), IDL, and LDL particles (LDL-commonly known as "bad cholesterol" when in reference to both heart disease and vascular disease in general), which is responsible for carrying fat molecules (lipids), including cholesterol, around the body to all cells within all tissues. (wikipedia.org)
We've been studying the export and sorting of cholesterol from endosomes, exploring the system as a paradigm for the greater question of how cells control the distribution of lipids to maintain membrane homeostasis. (harvard.edu)
A thicker vascular intima is a telltale sign of vascular atheroma formation, which is still at a sub-clinical stage of development, and involves the trans-differentiation of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and stem cells and the net uptake of large amounts of cholesterol by smooth muscle-like cells and macrophages. (fatsoflife.com)
This qualified prospects to the deposition of huge amounts of intracellular cholesterol kept in cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester droplets offering the cells a quality foamy appearance. (sciencepop.org)
These include the ability to mediate reverse cholesterol transport from atherosclerotic plaque resident foam cells to the liver [26]-[28]. (sciencepop.org)
Siglec-E deficiency promotes foam cell formation by enhancing acetylated and oxidized LDL uptake without affecting cholesterol efflux in macrophages in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
At the advanced stage foam cells are unable to fully process the internalized cholesterol and eventually die, causing the deposition of cholesterol and the formation of lipid necrotic core in the arterial wall. (biomedcentral.com)
GLSP reduced the number of foam cells by improving ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (thno.org)
Atherosclerosis apparently begins with the accumulation of cholesterol-laden foam cells in the arterial wall. (healthjockey.com)
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the primary measure of atherosclerotic risk and thus a therapeutic target in clinical practice. (mayoclinic.org)
[ 5 ] confirmed that inflammatory cytokines contribute to foam cell formation by modifying cholesterol-mediated LDL receptor regulation in mesangial cells. (medsci.org)
Moreover, VDR deletion increases atherosclerosis by enabling lipid-laden M2 monocytes to adhere, migrate, and carry cholesterol into the atherosclerotic plaque and by increasing macrophage cholesterol uptake and esterification. (regenerativemedicine.net)
METHODS: We used cholesterol-loaded TET2-deficient murine and embryonic stem cell-derived isogenic human macrophages to evaluate mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice modeling TET2 CH to assess the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Tet2 deficiency in murine macrophages acted synergistically with cholesterol loading in cell culture and with hypercholesterolemia in vivo to increase JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1) phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (bvsalud.org)
The microparticles described by Phillips and coworkers had a mean diameter of 24 nm, as judged by â ¦ Cholesterol also undergoes esterification as it is packaged into chylomicrons and VLDL inside intestinal and liver cells, respectively. (vondellhenderson.com)
Lipoproteins containing apoA-I (HDL) are key mediators in RCT (9â 11), whereas non-high-density lipoproteins These small HDL particles can then acquire cholesterol and phospholipids that are effluxed from cells, a process mediated by ABCA1 resulting in the formation of mature HDL. (vondellhenderson.com)
LDL cholesterol oxidises and inflames, drawing immune cells. (wellnessofhealth.com)
Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, and explore the possible mechanism. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Results Compared with blank control group, Ac-LDL aggregation and contents of cholesterol and triglyceride of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups decreased significantly (P＜0.01), while cholesterol efflux increased (P＜0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Conclusion Berberine may increase cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with activation of PPARγ pathway and increase of expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA. (shsmu.edu.cn)

Atherosclerosis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation in the arterial wall, is driven by immune cells and cytokines. (hindawi.com)
For example, the secreted cytokines of type 1 CD4þ T-helper cells (T H 1 cells) such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IFN-g, TNF-a and TNF-b are pro-inflammatory and exacerbate atherosclerotic disease, whereas T H 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 are considered to be mainly atheroprotective and can counteract T H 1 cytokine activity/production. (researchgate.net)
These foam cells in turn produce more inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to promote the migration of the quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the medial layer to intima and activate VSMC proliferation and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in the thickening of intima and occlusion of the blood vessel [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phagocytosis of lipoproteins by monocytes creates lipid-bloated foam cells, which release cytokines and effector molecules that promote myocyte migration while upregulating endothelial cell adhesion and platelet activation proteins and disrupting vasodilation mechanisms. (mayoclinic.org)
Ceramides increase LDL infiltration and promote LDL aggregation (A), are upregulated in response to inflammatory cytokines (B), are enriched in atherosclerotic plaque (C), and increase platelet activation while disrupting endothelial function (D). (mayoclinic.org)

In fact, Adam's work provides an explanation for the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in lysosomes of atherosclerotic foam cells. (harvard.edu)
The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, our results show that the inhibition of SIRT1 promoted atherosclerotic plaque development in ApoE -/- mice by increasing the MCP-1 expression and macrophage accumulation. (nih.gov)
It is defined as thickening of blood vessel walls due to the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells and fibrous components, forming the so called atheromatous plaque. (pocketdentistry.com)

The virus preferentially replicates in foam cells in comparison with other macrophages, they add, suggesting that these cells might act as a reservoir of viral debris in atherosclerotic plaque. (medscape.com)
Our data conclusively demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting and replicating in macrophages within the coronary vasculature of patients with COVID-19," write the authors, adding that SARS-CoV-2 preferentially replicates in foam cells compared to other macrophages, suggesting these cells "might act as a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 viral debris in the atherosclerotic plaque. (medscape.com)

And just as was seen in cultured macrophages and foam cells, infection of vascular tissue triggered an inflammatory response. (medscape.com)

Many studies have indicated that numerous immune cells promote chronic inflammation and progressive plaque growth [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S/V on the expression of metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
Vascular endothelial cells serve a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating vascular tension, platelet adhesion, inflammation and fibrinolysis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In vascular inflammation, RvD1 reduces the activation of smooth muscle cells by inflammatory stimuli and inhibits the hyperplasia of the intima. (fatsoflife.com)
Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
In vitro , we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes by HPLC, and subsequently assessed the protective effects of these main active components on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and calcification in RAW264.7 and HASMC cells. (thno.org)
Inflammation contributed to foam cell formation in the radial arteries of ESRD patients via activation of the CXCL16/CXCR6 pathway, which may be regulated by P2X7R. (medsci.org)

Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and foam cell formation in wild type (WT) and Siglec-E −/− - peritoneal macrophages were examined in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, peritoneal macrophages from vitamin D-deficient mice displayed an M2-predominant phenotype with increased foam cell formation and ER stress. (vitamindwiki.com)

Findings indicated that more than 79% of macrophages (white blood cells that help remove lipids) and over 90% of foam cells (lipid-laden macrophages that are a hallmark of atherosclerosis at all stages of the disease) are S+, and more than 40% of both cell types are S antisense+, indicating SARS-CoV-2 can infect macrophages at a high rate. (medscape.com)

It involves interactions between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposits, endothelial cells, leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes and smooth muscle cells, all of which are involved in promoting cellular migration and proliferation to drive the formation of foam cell clusters abundant in atherosclerotic plaque [ 4 ]. (springer.com)
4 Furthermore, CRP promotes foam cell formation by opsonising low density lipoprotein (LDL). (bmj.com)
The membrane-bound form of CXCL16 binds and internalizes oxidative low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and promotes adhesion of cells expressing its cognate receptor, CXCR6 [ 6 , 7 ] . (medsci.org)
Methods HP-1 cells were induced into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and were treated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) to establish the THP-1 macrophage derived foam cell models. (shsmu.edu.cn)

It is apparent that macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Using an ex vivo model, the researchers also found that atherosclerotic tissue could be directly infected by the virus. (medscape.com)
The secondary endpoint is the assessment of endothelial (dys) function by looking at ex vivo vascular reactivity and mRNA expression of endothelial cells from the wall of discarded segments of internal mammary artery. (frontiersin.org)

Primary lesions were characterized by dense intimai fibrosis with necrotic debris (83% of intimai tissue) and foam cells typical of atherosclerosis. (elsevierpure.com)

Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
Impacts of Siglec-E expression and cell surface sialic acid status on oxidized LDL uptake and signaling involved were examined by biochemical assays. (biomedcentral.com)
These changes include higher death rates, defective efferocytic uptake of dead cells, and reduced rates of emigration. (arxiv.org)
We find that high rates of cell death relative to efferocytic uptake results in a plaque populated mostly by dead cells. (arxiv.org)
It was suggested that IFN-α priming promotes lipid uptake and foam cell formation which is a vital step in plaque build-up. (healthjockey.com)
Macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A) expression by IFN-α seems to be particularly linked with improved lipid uptake and an increased number of foam cells. (healthjockey.com)

HDL bears biologically active lipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and stimulates a variety of cell signaling pathways in diverse cell types which may contribute to its ability 8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester to protect against atherosclerosis. (sciencepop.org)

The term atherosclerosis is derived from the Greek "athero," meaning gruel, or wax, corresponding to the necrotic core area at the base of the atherosclerotic plaque, and "sclerosis" for hardening, or induration, referring to the fibrous cap of the plaque's luminal edge. (medscape.com)

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SLE activity is responsible for alterations in arterial walls compatible with early atherosclerotic process, since the reduced arterial stiffness observed in active disease may be secondary to a greater inflammatory infiltration and foam cell formation. (usp.br)
Whether Siglec-E expression on macrophages impacts foam cell formation and atherosclerosis remains to be established. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. (embl.de)
Macrophages and endothelial cells play interlinked roles in blood vessel formation. (edu.au)
We have discovered unique adult stem cells in mouse tissues termed Endothelial-Macrophage (EndoMac) progenitor cells that give rise to both macrophages and endothelial cells and contribute to blood vessel formation after tissue injury. (edu.au)
It was mentioned that IFN-α priming supposedly triggers the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells in SLE patients. (healthjockey.com)
In vitro cultured THP-1 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL were utilized to study the link between the SIRT1 function, autophagy flux, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and foam cell formation using different methods. (nih.gov)
In particular, we demonstrate that blocking SIRT1 can exacerbate the acetylation of key autophagy machinery, the Atg5 protein, which further regulates the THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation that is triggered by ox-LDL. (nih.gov)
Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Filipin staining were performed to assess foam cell formation. (medsci.org)
Additionally, foam cell formation significantly increased in the radial arteries of the inflamed group compared to that of the controls. (medsci.org)
Treatment of vitamin D-deficient mice with the ER stress reliever PBA during HF feeding suppressed atherosclerosis, decreased peritoneal macrophage foam cell formation, and downregulated ER stress proteins without changing blood pressure. (vitamindwiki.com)
Increased foam cell formation results from lack of VDR-SERCA2b interaction, causing SERCA dysfunction, activation of ER stress-CaMKII-JNKp-PPARγ signaling, and induction of the scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Bone marrow transplant of VDR-expressing cells into KODMAC mice improved insulin sensitivity, suppressed atherosclerosis, and decreased foam cell formation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
2 â Necessary part of cell walls â Precursor chemcial for steroid compounds â Formation of bile acids for digestion 3 after selective delivery of cholesteryl ester to the liver via the SR-B1. (vondellhenderson.com)
It may also invade and proliferate within heart and coronary artery endothelial cells, and, along with Streptococcus sanguis, it may also induce platelet aggregation associated with thrombus formation. (medscape.com)

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of SIRT1 on AS in ApoE -/- mice and the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in an ox-LDL-stimulated human monocyte cell line, THP-1. (nih.gov)

In cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells, pharmacologic or genetic activation of AMPK inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), while inhibition of AMPK had opposite effects. (diabetesjournals.org)
In the present study, we investigated the effect of arsenite on the expression of TF in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. (go.jp)

Preventing the development, maturation, or spread of neoplastic cells. (theodora.com)
Macrophages also play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (sciencepop.org)

The atherosclerotic lesions promote an intracellular signaling cascade, highlighted in Fig. 1 . (springer.com)

This project aims to isolate, characterise, and investigate the properties of human EndoMac progenitor cells, for therapeutic manipulation. (edu.au)

We have found hyperglycemia to dampen the vasculogenic capacity of mouse EndoMac progenitor cells after tissue injury. (edu.au)
Immunohistochemical stains confirmed this proliferative tissue to be primarily smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the coagulation cascade, constitutively expressed in subendothelial cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells and initiating rapid coagulation when the vascular vessel is damaged. (go.jp)
Endothelial cells play a vital role in the health and integrity of every tissue of the body. (detoxamin.com)

However, the role of Th2 cells in atherosclerosis remains controversial. (hindawi.com)

IL-27 is a member of the IL-12 family and is composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBI3) and p28 subunits, which are produced by active antigen-presenting cells [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

In an exploratory way, quercetin supplementation could also improve endothelial function by eliminating senescent vascular endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)

Heart Disease is the end result of injury that started at the extremely thin layer of endothelial cells that line the inside surface of the heart and blood vessel walls. (detoxamin.com)

Recently, CRP was identified within early atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries obtained at necropsy. (bmj.com)

COS cells transfected with the CD6 clone express a 90-kD protein that reacts with all available anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies. (embl.de)

Quercetin glycosides from diet are slightly absorbed via the intestinal epithelial cells, although most of them return into the digestive tract by the action of specific transporter systems. (rsc.org)
Phase II enzymes present in the intestinal epithelial cells and the liver cells facilitate their metabolic conversion to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. (rsc.org)
Supporting proteome analyses confirmed that organic PM extracts induce a hierarchical oxidative stress response in macrophages and epithelial cells, in which the induction of electrophile-response element (EpRE) regulated genes (for example, heme oxygenase 1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) at lower levels of oxidative stress prevented the more damaging pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects seen at higher levels of oxidative stress [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The extracellular domain of CD6 is significantly related to the extracellular domain of the human and mouse T cell antigen CD5, the cysteine-rich domain of the bovine and mouse type I macrophage scavenger receptor, the extracellular domain of the sea urchin spermatozoa protein that crosslinks the egg peptide speract, the mammalian complement factor 1, and the human lung tumor antigen L3. (embl.de)