MacrophagesRevealed by antigen showiLigandsScavengerPathogenesis of AtherosclerosisBindsInflammationInitiationEndothelialLipidApolipoproteinMiceAdaptive immune responsesAntibodyLigandPlateletsTumorHyperlipidemiaFatty acidUptakeInflammatoryPromotesImmuneTherapeuticCellsAbsenceRoleMolecularProcessLargePlasmaMajorDevelopmentCoreAdditional
Macrophages6
- Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
- In atherosclerotic lesions oxidatively modified LDL is found and oxidized LDL is specifically recognized and ingested by macrophages via scavenger receptor A and CD36. (thermofisher.com)
- The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Whether Siglec-E expression on macrophages impacts foam cell formation and atherosclerosis remains to be established. (biomedcentral.com)
- By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mouse B7RP-1 is expressed by antigen presenting cells including B cells, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.cn)
Revealed by antigen showi1
- The cells of adaptive immunity identify specific molecular constructions revealed by antigen showing cells in the contest of MHC determinants. (rawveronica.com)
Ligands2
- This observation led us to hypothesize that CD36 ligands might be generated during vascular injury in the absence of hyperlipidemia and systemic oxidant stress. (techblessing.com)
- For this, we studied the regulation of CD36, CXCL16, LOX-1, SR-A1 and SR-B1 expression on MDDC treated with DEP associated or not with TLR2, 3 and 4 ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Scavenger2
- CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), also known as platelet glycoprotein 4, fatty acid translocase (FAT), scavenger receptor class B member 3 (SCARB3), and glycoproteins 88 (GP88), IIIb (GPIIIB), or IV (GPIV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD36 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- These professional antigen-presenting cells are able to discriminate unmodified self from non-self thanks to pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll like Receptors (TLR) and Scavenger Receptors (SR). SR were originally identified by their ability to bind and internalize modified lipoproteins and microorganisms but also particles and TLR agonists. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis1
- Here, we explore the likely role of 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1-mediated AA metabolism,15-oxo-ETE, in the early pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Binds4
- Recently our group, in collaboration with Podrez, Hazen, and Byzova, showed that atherogenic oxLDL binds and activates platelets in a CD36-dependent manner (28). (techblessing.com)
- This Antibody was verified by Relative expression to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
- Binds to VLA1 (Very Late Antigen-1) and α4β1 integrins. (goconqr.com)
- Inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) is a specific ligand on antigen-presenting cells and cells of the peripheral tissue that binds to the inducible co-stimulator receptor (ICOS). (thermofisher.cn)
Inflammation5
- Several in vitro research and tests with Compact disc36C mice exposed a job for Compact disc36 in a variety of important biological processes, including atherosclerosis (17), tumor angiogenesis (18), energy metabolism (19), inflammation (20), host defense (21, 22), antigen presentation (3), and taste (23). (techblessing.com)
- Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
- Pharmacological blockade of CD36 in Treg from subjects with prediabetes decreased Teff production of the Th17 cytokines that differentiate overall prediabetes inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
- We hypothesize that these pro-oxidative chemicals could synergize with oxidized lipid components generated in low-density lipoprotein particles to enhance vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Initiation3
- It is apparent that macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The following are key inflammatory proteins involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis. (goconqr.com)
- The TLRs are found to be functionally involved in the recognition of self and non-self-antigens, maturation of DCs and initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity. (tcdb.org)
Endothelial2
- Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of murine carotid thrombi from Compact disc36C mice demonstrated a substantial decrement in endothelial antigen build up, which implies that Compact disc36 is important in MP recruitment into thrombi. (techblessing.com)
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
Lipid5
- The function of these lipid modifications is currently unknown but they likely promote the association of CD36 with the membrane and possibly lipid rafts which appear to be important for some CD36 functions. (wikipedia.org)
- ApoE-deficient (apoE −/− ) and apoE/Siglec-E-double deficient (apoE −/− /Siglec-E −/− ) mice were placed on high fat diet for 3 months and their lipid profiles and severities of atherosclerosis were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we show that genetic deletion of Siglec-E accelerated atherosclerosis without affecting lipid profile in apoE −/− mice. (biomedcentral.com)
- Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory process where lipid deposition and oxidation in the artery wall constitute a hallmark of the disease [ 12 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apolipoprotein1
- Apolipoprotein B is a ligand for the LDL receptor and elevated levels are associated with premature atherosclerosis. (thermofisher.com)
Mice6
- In humans, rats and mice, CD36 consists of 472 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 53,000 Da. (wikipedia.org)
- Human platelet CD36 deficiency (known as the NakaC phenotype) is common in Asian and African populations (24C27), and similar to the situation in mice, is not associated with an obvious bleeding diathesis. (techblessing.com)
- The prothrombotic phenotype associated with hyperlipidemia in apoE-null mice fed a Western-type high-fat diet was rescued by genetic deletion of CD36, demonstrating an important link among platelet CD36, hyperlipidemia, oxidant stress, and thrombosis. (techblessing.com)
- We now report a more general role for CD36 in thrombus formation in normal mice. (techblessing.com)
- The Animal Model Research Core will provide services to investigators using murine models relevant to nutrition, including maintaining breeding colonies of genetically modified mice, genotyping, training in breeding and animal husbandry, biochemical analyses, body composition analyses, metabolic phenotyping, and quantification of atherosclerosis. (grantome.com)
- We have found that exposure to ambient ultrafine particulate matter, highly enriched in redox cycling organic chemicals, promotes atherosclerosis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Adaptive immune responses1
- DC are professional antigen-presenting cells that are essential for initiating adaptive immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody2
- Knockdown Validated: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - HCV replication was increased by CD36. (novusbio.com)
- The effector activity of the adaptive immune system includes direct assault of antigen bearing cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), activation to B-cells to produce antibody against the antigen, and induction of swelling, with enhanced innate response, in the area near the antigen. (rawveronica.com)
Ligand2
- In the absence of ligand, membrane bound CD36 exists primarily in a monomeric state. (wikipedia.org)
- However exposure to the thrombospondin ligand causes CD36 to dimerize. (wikipedia.org)
Platelets1
- Although CD36 was first isolated and structurally characterized from platelets (1), where it was termed glycoprotein IV or IIIb, its functional role on platelets has been obscure. (techblessing.com)
Tumor1
- This review summarizes how its dual functions determine immune cell functions and fates, which contribute to common diseases including atherosclerosis and tumor progression. (rupress.org)
Hyperlipidemia1
- These conditions include high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia), and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). (supplemented.net)
Fatty acid2
- Work in genetically modified rodents suggest a role for CD36 in fatty acid metabolism, heart disease, taste, and dietary fat processing in the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- CD36 functions as both a signaling receptor and fatty acid transporter in various immune and non-immune cells. (rupress.org)
Uptake3
- We were particularly interested in the role of microparticles (MPs) in this process, because previous studies from our lab and others demonstrated that CD36-dependent phagocyte reputation and uptake of apoptotic cells and/or shed photoreceptor external sections was mediated by binding of Compact disc36 to phosphatidyl serine (PS) and/or oxPS on the areas (13, 29C31). (techblessing.com)
- VAV, a downstream effector implicated in CD36-mediated oxidized LDL uptake, was shown to interact with SHP-1 following oxidized LDL treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mechanistically, Siglec-E interacts with CD36 to suppress downstream VAV signaling involved in modified LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammatory1
- Diesel exhaust particles and oxidized phospholipids synergistically affect the expression profile of several gene modules that correspond to pathways relevant to vascular inflammatory processes such as atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Promotes2
- Furthermore, Treg CD36 uniquely promotes Th17 cytokine production by Teff in prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
- This is the first report that 15-oxo-ETE promotes early pathological process of atherosclerosis by accelerating E-selectin expression and monocyte adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune1
- Moreover, recent studies in animal models, as well as in humans, support the hypothesis the accumulation and changes of low denseness lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial intima causes the innate immune system, which Ruxolitinib sulfate might be the first step in the atherosclerosis process. (rawveronica.com)
Therapeutic1
- Iron nanoparticles are conjugated with two types of antibodies (one against antigens on therapeutic cells and the other directed at injured cells) to produce magnetic bifunctional cell engager (MagBICE). (regenerativemedicine.net)
Cells5
- Based on this notion and the observation that CD36 is found on the surface of cells, CD36 is thought to have a 'hairpin-like' structure with α-helices at the C- and N- termini projecting through the membrane and a larger extracellular loop (Fig. 1). (wikipedia.org)
- This topology is supported by transfection experiments in cultured cells using deletion mutants of CD36. (wikipedia.org)
- The activity of those cells depends on the generation of a large number of antigen receptors, such as T-cell receptors (TCRs) and immunoglobulin, by somatic rearrangement processes in blast cells. (rawveronica.com)
- they predominantly are CD4+, CD3 +, TCR/ +, T-cells, which identify protein antigens offered to them as fragments bound to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. (rawveronica.com)
- Here, following pulmonary immunization with a Salmonella vaccine strain, mouse MAIT cells expanded as separate CD127-Klrg1+ and CD127+Klrg1- antigen-adapted populations that differed in terms of their transcriptome, function and localization in lung tissue. (biomed.news)
Absence1
- Because normal hemostasis is maintained in the absence of CD36, these studies suggest that CD36 might be an attractive target for antithrombotic therapy in the setting of atherosclerosis. (techblessing.com)
Role6
- It is not clear what role these linkages play on the function of the mature CD36 protein on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
- This dimerization has been proposed to play an important role in CD36 signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
- These total results provide what we should believe to be always a novel role for CD36 in thrombosis. (techblessing.com)
- These data support the protective role of Siglec-E in atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- A great number of studies reported that 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) played an important role in atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the evidence for the role of 15-oxoETE in atherosclerosis is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular1
- However, CD36 is extensively glycosylated and has an apparent molecular weight of 88,000 Da as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
Process1
- consequently, the atherosclerosis process could rely on several activating stimuli (6, 7). (rawveronica.com)
Large1
- Using Kyte-Doolittle analysis, the amino acid sequence of CD36 predicts a hydrophobic region near each end of the protein large enough to span cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma1
- Disulfide linkages between 4 of the 6 cysteine residues in the extracellular loop are required for efficient intracellular processing and transport of CD36 to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Major1
- Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, and low LDL levels reduce the risk of major events in patients with CVD [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Development1
- Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
Core1
- Like SCARB2, CD36 is proposed to contain an antiparallel β-barrel core with many short α-helices adorning it. (wikipedia.org)
Additional1
- Besides glycosylation, additional post-translational modifications have been reported for CD36. (wikipedia.org)