• In invertebrates such as Drosophila, neuroblasts are neural progenitor cells which divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast, and a daughter cell of varying potency depending on the type of neuroblast. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the fruit fly model organism Drosophila melanogaster, a neuroblast is a neural progenitor cell which divides asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast and either a neuron, a ganglion mother cell (GMC), or an intermediate neural progenitor, depending on the type of neuroblast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division: recent advances and implications for stem cell biology. (ca.gov)
  • In Drosophila , a population of muscle-committed stem-like cells called adult muscle precursors (AMPs) keeps an undifferentiated and quiescent state during embryonic life. (biologists.com)
  • Centrosome asymmetry plays a key role in ensuring the asymmetric division of Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts [NBs]) and male germline stem cells (GSCs) [1-3]. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)
  • In Drosophila neuroblasts, asymmetric division and spindle orientation is dependent on Pins/LGN recruitment to the apical cortex. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) glial cells are known to be generated from glioblasts, which produce exclusively glia or neuroglioblasts that bifurcate to produce both neuronal and glial sublineages. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, Par-complex patches resembling Par-islands exist in Drosophila mitotic neuroblasts. (elifesciences.org)
  • We used Drosophila Schneider cells (S2 cells) of mesodermal origin, as host cells for cell-autonomous reconstruction of cell polarity ( Schneider, 1972 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Niche-associated activation of rac promotes the asymmetric division of Drosophila female germline stem cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Analysis of cell movements and fate mapping during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (uchicago.edu)
  • The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche. (uchicago.edu)
  • Drosophila embryonic neuroblasts in culture: autonomous differentiation of specific neurotransmitters. (uchicago.edu)
  • Cell division cycle of cultured neural precursor cells from Drosophila. (uchicago.edu)
  • Molecular genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster ovo locus, a gene required for sex determination of germline cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • During Drosophila sensory bristle development, precursor cells segregate Numb asymmetrically to one of their progeny cells, rendering it unresponsive to reciprocal Notch signaling between the two daughters. (silverchair.com)
  • The EBF transcription factor Collier directly promotes Drosophila blood cell progenitor maintenance independently of the niche. (sdbonline.org)
  • In the lymph gland , an hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larva, a group of cells called the Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC), whose specification depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier (Col) and the HOX factor Antennapedia (Antp), has been proposed to form a niche required to maintain the pool of hematopoietic progenitors (prohemocytes). (sdbonline.org)
  • They also showed that cross-regulation between col and eya in muscle progenitor cells is required for specification of muscle identity, revealing a new parallel between the myogenic regulatory networks operating in Drosophila and vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • Blood cell production in the Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland , is controlled by intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • During embryogenesis, embryonic neuroblasts delaminate from either the procephalic neuroectoderm (for brain neuroblasts), or the ventral nerve cord neuroectoderm (for abdominal neuroblasts). (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, in multicellular organisms, symmetry breaking allows the generation of cells with different fates and underpins the complex arrangement of tissues and organs achieved during embryogenesis. (cshlpress.com)
  • Open in a separate windows Fig. 7 Sea urchin AGS induces asymmetric cell divisions during early embryogenesis and extra invaginations after blastulation in sea star embryos. (biopaqc.com)
  • To identify direct Collier (Col) targets in different cell types, ChIP-seq was used to map Col binding sites throughout the genome, at mid-embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • These results reveal that asymmetric centrosome behavior is not an essential feature of stem cell divisions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The stem cell population is maintained by asymmetric divisions in which one daughter cell commits to specific fate and the other maintains parental pluripotency. (nature.com)
  • Asymmetric cell divisions, in which cellular components, such as existing adherens junctions, are distributed unequally to daughter cells can result in one daughter cell leaving the epithelium. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast, symmetric divisions in epithelia divide cellular components equally, and usually results in both daughter cells remaining in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
  • Indeed, launch of ocean urchin AGS in to the ocean superstar embryo induces asymmetric cell divisions, recommending the fact that molecular advancement of AGS proteins is type in the changeover of echinoderms to micromere development and the existing developmental design of ocean urchins not observed in various other echinoderms. (biopaqc.com)
  • In the chick and mouse, the neuroepithelium proliferates during neurogenesis by symmetric cell divisions, but transitions to asymmetric cell divisions to create self-renewing stem cells and neural precursor cells3,4. (biopaqc.com)
  • Launch of asymmetric cell divisions in to the developmental plan sometimes appears throughout phylogeny hence, and has important jobs to significantly modification the developmental plan frequently, which general leads to useful and morphological diversification. (biopaqc.com)
  • It really is unclear, nevertheless, how these asymmetric cell divisions arose in the developmental plan during advancement originally, and added to diversification. (biopaqc.com)
  • Remarkably, ~80% of these?embryos underwent random asymmetric cell divisions from the 2C16 cell stages. (biopaqc.com)
  • These results suggest that sea urchin AGS indeed has an ability to induce asymmetric cell divisions and potentially a polarity-inducing activity even in the sea star embryos, a distantly related echinoderm. (biopaqc.com)
  • We demonstrate that the SPGs share direct sibling relationships with neurones and are the products of asymmetric divisions. (biologists.com)
  • Neural progenitor divisions are asymmetric. (biologists.com)
  • All pyramidal neurons descend from cell divisions of radial glial cells (RGs) in the VZ, typically through various types of basal (or intermediate) progenitors in the SVZ ( Florio and Huttner, 2014 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • At each of several precursor cell divisions in this lineage, the two daughter cells signal to each other via the Notch pathway. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3 caspase regulates asymmetric cell division. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Indian hedgehog regulates intestinal stem cell fate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development. (ca.gov)
  • Furthermore, we show that Notch signalling positively regulates glial cells missing ( gcm ) expression in the context of SPG development. (biologists.com)
  • Thus, LKB1 regulates multiple biological pathways involved in cell growth and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on these findings, we propose that CED-3 caspase plays a critical role in the asymmetric division by size and fate of neuroblasts, and that this contributes to the reproducibility and robustness with which the smaller daughter cell is produced and adopts the apoptotic fate. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The positions that the migrated cells occupy will determine their neuronal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adult neurogenesis is characterized by neural stem cell differentiation and integration in the mature adult mammalian brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Little is known about the early stages that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural stem cells and their immediate progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The embryonic AMPs are at the origin of all adult fly muscles and, as we demonstrate here, they express repressors of myogenic differentiation and targets of the Notch pathway known to be involved in muscle cell stemness. (biologists.com)
  • Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • How do signalling dynamics impact cell differentiation? (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • In contrast with this model, this study shows that genetic ablation of the PSC does not cause an increase in blood cell differentiation or a loss of blood cell progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Further, premature blood cell differentiation when PSC specification or signaling was impaired, led to assigning the PSC a role equivalent to the vertebrate hematopoietic niche. (sdbonline.org)
  • The PSC contributes to lymph gland homeostasis by regulating blood cell differentiation, rather than by maintaining core progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Radial glial cells, also called radial glial progenitor cells, divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast and another radial glial cell that will re-enter the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mitosis occurs in the germinal neuroepithelium (or germinal zone), when a radial glial cell divides to produce the neuroblast. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mechanism of specifying glial cell fates within the CNS is novel and provides further insight into regulatory interactions leading to glial cell fate determination. (biologists.com)
  • After any retinal injury in experimental conditions, glial cells are activated and undergo reactive gliosis with increased an expression level of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), which leads to overgrowth of outer Müller glial cell processes. (molvis.org)
  • Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
  • Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
  • In the embryo neuroblasts form the middle mantle layer of the neural tube wall which goes on to form the grey matter of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • From stem cell to embryo without centrioles. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Totipotent cells have the capacity to differentiate to all cell types, including somatic cells, germ cells, and certain cells that exist outside the embryo and are important to fetal development that are termed extraembryonic cells. (citizendium.org)
  • Such tissue renewal may be accomplished via the use of adult stem cells, or embryonic stem cells, which may be derived from a human embryo in the blastocyst stage. (citizendium.org)
  • However, supporters of embryonic stem cell research frequently contend that even the comparison to abortion is inappropriate, since while a several month old fetus might have sufficient neurological development to be conscious in some meaningful sense, a human embryo in the blastocyst stage has so little development that one can safely conclude that it cannot exist as a conscious being. (citizendium.org)
  • The initial asymmetric cell department in the ocean urchin embryo takes place on the 16-cell stage, yielding four macromeres and four micromeres. (biopaqc.com)
  • Fig.?7b, c, arrows), resembling the 16-cell stage of the sea urchin embryo. (biopaqc.com)
  • Neuroblasts are formed when a neural stem cell, which can differentiate into any type of mature neural cell (i.e. neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, etc.), divides and becomes a transit amplifying cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type I neuroblasts give rise to a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell (GMC), which undergoes a terminal division to generate a pair of sibling neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the use of diphtheria toxin -- which is far more toxic to human cells than mouse cells -- to destroy the human neurons in the mice reversed the observed improvements in motor function. (citizendium.org)
  • This result suggests that the observed increase in motor function was indeed produced by neurons derived from the human embryonic stem cells. (citizendium.org)
  • embryonic neuroblasts divide to both self-renew Rabbit Polyclonal to ADRB1 also to asymmetrically?generate the neurons from the larval anxious program2. (biopaqc.com)
  • Organotypic slices of ferret neocortex were infected with a GFP-adeno-associated virus that preferentially targets postmitotic cells, thus robustly labeling migrating neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cell-type identity was assessed after imaging by immunostaining for Satb2, a marker of upper-layer neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Donor embryonic cells have a greater potential for axonal outgrowth and regeneration than mature host neurons (Chen et al. (org.es)
  • She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition, we provide evidence that a pig-1 MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase)-dependent reciprocal gradient of "mitotic potential" is formed in the QL.p neuroblast, and that CED-3 caspase antagonizes this mitotic potential. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, directional ablations that separated mesoderm from mitotic domains disrupted spindle orientation, suggesting that forces transmitted from mesoderm to mitotic domains can polarize Pins and orient division during gastrulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dlx1 and Dlx2 control neuronal versus oligodendroglial cell fate acquisition in the developing forebrain. (ca.gov)
  • Those neural crest cells with a neuronal fate contribute to the trigeminal ganglion ( Jiang et al 2002 ). (clinicalgate.com)
  • The third (vagal) population has a more extensive origin, from the neural folds caudal to the otocyst, i.e. prorhombomere C. These cells will contribute to the ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, with the non-neuronal vagal crest cells migrating into pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6, some of them continuing into the heart to contribute to the division of the cardiac outflow tract. (clinicalgate.com)
  • For a full account of the neuronal contribution of neural crest cells, see Chapter 24 . (clinicalgate.com)
  • The generation of the embryonic CNS is a lineage-based process in which neural progenitors, called neuroblasts (NBs), give rise to largely invariant lineages of neural/glial cells. (biologists.com)
  • In the healthy brain, neuroglia stem cells generate progenitors, which in turn give rise to differentiating cells that will eventually acquire their final functional state. (stanford.edu)
  • It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
  • However, stem cells are difficult to distinguish from multipotential progenitors, which may look and act like them. (karger.com)
  • Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
  • Collier is expressed in a core population of lymph gland progenitors and cell autonomously maintains this population. (sdbonline.org)
  • In vertebrates, a neuroblast or primitive nerve cell is a postmitotic cell that does not divide further, and which will develop into a neuron after a migration phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transit amplifying cells are slightly more differentiated than neural stem cells and can divide asymmetrically to produce postmitotic neuroblasts and glioblasts, as well as other transit amplifying cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • NBs divide in an asymmetric manner to bud off a set of ganglion mother cells (GMC), which in turn divide once to produce two postmitotic daughters. (biologists.com)
  • In mammals, caspases affect various aspects of stem cell lineages. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Both of these lineages autonomously bring about two extremes of cell fate: the top micromeres stay inductive CP-724714 small molecule kinase inhibitor and develop the?singular fate of skeletogenic cells for the larval skeleton8, whereas the tiny micromeres bring about the primordial germ cells9,10. (biopaqc.com)
  • Cell lineage analysis techniques have been used to analyse most of the embryonic NB lineages at the histological level. (biologists.com)
  • Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
  • Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • In many cell lineages, the conditional role of Notch signaling is integrated with the autonomous action of the Numb protein, a Notch pathway antagonist. (silverchair.com)
  • Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which conditional and autonomous modes of fate specification are integrated within cell lineages. (silverchair.com)
  • A neuroblast has differentiated such that it will mature into a neuron and not any other neural cell type. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type 0 neuroblasts divide to give rise to a neuroblast, and a daughter cell which directly differentiates into a single neuron or glia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)
  • LKB1, also known as STK11 , is a master kinase that serves as an energy metabolic sensor and is involved in cell polarity regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, little work has been done on the roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we tried to prove that loss of LKB1 disrupts breast epithelial cell polarity and causes tumor metastasis and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer were determined by using immunofluorescence, western blot assay, and cell migration and invasive assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, the non-transformed human breast cell line MCF-10A was cultured in three dimensions to further reveal the role of LKB1 in breast epithelial cell polarity maintenance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, it was found for the first time that endogenous LKB1 knockdown resulted in abnormal cell polarity in acini formed by non-transformed breast epithelial cells grown in 3D culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of endogenous LKB1 gave rise to dysregulation of cell polarity and invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LKB1 also plays crucial roles in establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, LKB1 helps establish and maintain cell polarity in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The maintenance of stem or progenitor cell fate relies on intrinsic factors as well as local cues from the cellular microenvironment and systemic signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Together, this study shows that the PSC is dispensable for blood cell progenitor maintenance and reveals the key role of the conserved transcription factor Col as an intrinsic regulator of hematopoietic progenitor fate. (sdbonline.org)
  • During larval development, optic lobe neuroblasts are generated from a neuroectoderm called the Outer Proliferation Center. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spana and Doe, 1996 ) (mediated by Notch and Delta and cell-cell interaction), are involved in the specification of daughter cell fates. (biologists.com)
  • How does genetic information impact cell fates? (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • In this lineage, the fates of two of the precursor cells (pIIa and pIIIb) are specified by Notch signaling ( Fig. 1 , blue arrowheads). (silverchair.com)
  • We show that the interphase centrosome does not define spindle orientation in female GSCs and that DSas-4 mutant GSCs [7], lacking centrioles and centrosomes, invariably divide asymmetrically to produce cystoblasts that proceed normally through oogenesis-remarkably, oocyte specification, microtubule organization, and mRNA localization are all unperturbed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • CP-724714 small molecule kinase inhibitor a A summary diagram that depicts Vasa (red) and AGS (green) localization patterns during 8C16 cell stage. (biopaqc.com)
  • In the control retina, nestin was found principally in glial structures in the ganglion cell layer, as confirmed by nestin/GFAP immunolabeling. (molvis.org)
  • Including discussions of the molecular basis of polarization mechanisms, asymmetric division of stem cells during development, the generation of left-right asymmetry of the body axis in mammals, and theoretical approaches to symmetry breaking, the volume is a vital reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as physical scientists interested in how and why symmetry breaking occurs in living systems. (cshlpress.com)
  • Using enhanced long-read single-cell isoform sequencing, we comprehensively analyze RNA isoforms in multiple mouse brain regions, cell subtypes, and developmental timepoints from postnatal day 14 (P14) to adult (P56). (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, developmental patterns of cell-type specific splicing are especially pronounced in the murine adolescent transition from P21 to P28. (biorxiv.org)
  • Pluripotent cells may differentiate to cells of most types, and multipotent cells are capable only of differentiating to certain types within a group of cells that perform similar functions. (citizendium.org)
  • Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence promotes error-prone DNA repair and mutagenesis. (ca.gov)
  • The fly sensory organ lineage thus embodies a universal strategy for generating cell fate asymmetry during development. (silverchair.com)
  • In mammalian embryos, cranial neural crest cells emigrate from the edges of the still unfused cranial neural folds, unlike trunk neural crest cells and the cranial crest of other vertebrates, which begin migration only after neural tube closure. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Genetic experiments in the mouse and other vertebrates have shown that skeletal patterning of the pharyngeal arch neural crest cells depends on the absence of Hox gene expression in the cells migrating into the first arch, and the expression of Hoxa2 in the second arch crest cells. (clinicalgate.com)
  • These are the two precursor cells that do not inherit Numb, yet must make Numb to segregate to one daughter during their own division. (silverchair.com)
  • however, they also constitute one of the cell types involved in adult neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, adult neurogenesis represents another means, apart from molecular, synaptic, or morphological changes of an individual cell, to alter the functional circuitry depending on the demand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results confirmed the presence of nestin in glial (e.g., astrocytes), reactive Müller, and endothelial cells. (molvis.org)
  • In humans, neuroblasts produced by stem cells in the adult subventricular zone migrate into damaged areas after brain injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
  • By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
  • Nestin is an intermediate filament protein known to play several roles, including as a marker of neural progenitor and proliferating endothelial cells. (molvis.org)
  • The other daughter inherits the Notch pathway antagonist Numb, asymmetrically segregated from the precursor cell. (silverchair.com)
  • We show that the genesis of a subset of glial cells, the subperineurial glia (SPGs), involves a new mechanism and requires Notch. (biologists.com)
  • The Notch cell-cell signaling pathway is used extensively in cell fate specification during metazoan development. (silverchair.com)
  • This ensures that one daughter adopts a Notch-independent, and the other a Notch-dependent, cell fate. (silverchair.com)
  • We show that this region contains a Notch-responsive cis-regulatory module that directs numb transcription in the pIIa and pIIIb cells of the bristle lineage. (silverchair.com)
  • This renders the second daughter immune to the reciprocal Notch signal, ensuring that it adopts the alternative, Notch-independent, cell fate. (silverchair.com)
  • The term stem cell is also used in reference to any adult cells that are capable of assisting in the restoration of adult tissue via self-renewal. (citizendium.org)
  • Adult stem cells hold great promise in mitigating much of the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell use. (citizendium.org)
  • The same cell type traced across development shows more isoform variability than across adult anatomical regions, indicating a coordinated modulation of functional programs dictating neural development. (biorxiv.org)
  • During two years as an instructor and head of a research group in Munich, Germany, Dr. Petritsch and her team showed that cell fate determinants use a bimodal mechanism (diffusion and active capturing) for proper intracellular location. (stanford.edu)
  • Neuroblasts are being studied extensively as they have the potential to be used therapeutically to combat cell loss due to injury or disease in the brain, although their potential effectiveness is debated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)
  • We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
  • These arise from a disruption in the pattern of migration of the neuroblasts on their way to their target destinations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro analysis revealed that loss of LKB1 expression enhanced migration, invasion and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, while LKB1 overexpression in MDA-MB-435 s cells, which have a low basal level of LKB1 expression, promoted the acquisition of epithelial phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Figure 35.1 shows stylized views of human embryos at an early stage of neural crest migration (A) and at the end of the crest migration (B). N.B. These views do not show the neural crest cells themselves and not by a specific staining procedure. (clinicalgate.com)
  • In human embryos, histological methods have revealed equivalent cranial neural crest cell origins and migration routes to those of the mouse, except that no emigration from the diencephalon has been detected ( O'Rahilly & Müller 2007 ). (clinicalgate.com)
  • The use of embryonic stem cells has been a source of considerable controversy due to its sacrifice of human embryos in the blastocyst stage, which some people view as the destruction of human life . (citizendium.org)
  • Human embryos fertilized in the ordinary manner and harvested in the blastocyst stage have been used as an extensive source of stem cells for research purposes, and have been shown to possess therapeutic value in laboratory animals. (citizendium.org)
  • The most infamous study of embryonic stem cells asserted that cloned human embryos had been created via somatic cell nuclear transfer, and stem cells had been generated from these embryos. (citizendium.org)
  • Ethical objections to the use of human embryonic stem cells revolve around the destruction of human embryos in the blastocyst stage to obtain the stem cells. (citizendium.org)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • However, despite a significant functional relevance of this form of whole-cell plasticity, little is known about the processes that regulate it. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs regulate the G1-S transition and promote rapid proliferation. (ca.gov)
  • Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. (ca.gov)
  • The outer layer to the mantle layer is the marginal layer and this contains the myelinated axons from the neuroblasts forming the white matter of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)