Of particular interest is the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) which mislocalises in epilepsy. (dcu.ie)
AQP4 is generally expressed in astrocytic endfeet where it facilitates detoxification of neural tissue through the glymphatic system. (dcu.ie)
Mounting evidence has demonstrated that AQP4, a water channel protein, is closely correlated with brain edema and could be an optimal therapeutic target for the reduction of ischemic brain edema. (benthamscience.com)
Pathogenetic antibodies focusing on the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are found in the majority of individuals with NMO [3]. (healthyguide.info)
AQP4 is usually expressed in astrocyte foot processes near capillaries and in ependymal cells lining the ventricles-key sites for water movement between the cellular, vascular, and ventricular compartments. (baxkyardgardener.com)
In the current review, we describe the astrocytic involvement in the operation of the CNS, and then focus on how astrocytes contribute to drug addiction through diversified pathways. (degruyter.com)
Genes1
Screening the regulated genes revealed astrocytic expression of the astray-encoded phosphoserine phosphatase to bi-directionally regulate water consumption. (ox.ac.uk)
Reactive1
Systemic sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 produced a deterioration of the cells that integrate the vascular unit displaying astrocytic and microglial reactive profiles, while edema and lipid peroxidation were also observed. (biomedcentral.com)
GABA4
This aberrant astrocytic GABA is synthesized by the enzymatic action of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), whose pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing are reported to significantly alleviate parkinsonian motor symptoms in animal models of Parkinson's disease. (en-journal.org)
Here we demonstrate that genetic ablation of MAOB blocks the MPTP-induced augmentation of astrocytic GABA-mediated tonic inhibition of neighboring dopaminergic neurons as well as parkinsonian motor symptoms, indicating the necessity of MAOB for parkinsonian motor symptoms. (en-journal.org)
Our study provides genetic pieces of evidence for the causal link between the pathological role of astrocytic MAOB-dependent tonic GABA synthesis and parkinsonian motor symptoms. (en-journal.org)
The astrocytic GABA tonically inhibits neighboring DA neuronal activity, causing nigrostriatal DA deficiency and parkinsonian motor symptoms. (en-journal.org)
Inhibition2
Here, we show that astrocytic S1P 2 activation by S1P results in glutamate uptake inhibition to promote excitotoxic damage. (eneuro.org)
Furthermore, we demonstrate that GFAP-MAOB transgenic mice, in which MAOB is over-expressed under the GFAP promoter for astrocyte-specific over-expression, display exacerbated MPTP-induced tonic inhibition and parkinsonian motor symptoms compared to wild-type mice, indicating the importance of astrocytic MAOB for parkinsonian motor symptoms. (en-journal.org)
Neurons1
Systemic sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 increased the expressions of astrocytic GFAP and microglial Iba1, and decreased the expressions of endothelial glycocalyx, NeuN neurons from CA1 pyramidal layer and oligodendrocytic MBP myelin sheath from the fimbria of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathological1
Brain edema is a pathological phenomenon that water and brain tissue volume increase. (karger.com)
Localization1
Yang B, Ma T, Verkman A. cDNA cloning, gene organization, and chromosomal localization of a human mercurial insensitive water channel evidence for distinct transcriptional units. (benthamscience.com)
Processes1
Nanoscopic astrocytic processes contacting synapses and blood vessels contain the molecular machinery for microRNAs. (dcu.ie)
Vascular1
Each astrocytic process is located in an individual domain in the neocortex and hippocampus, forming a neuro-glio-vascular structural unit ( Sofroniew & Vinters, 2010 ). (ac.ir)
Mice3
Here, we determined that St2 -/- substantially reduced scratching behaviors in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as well as acetone and diethylether followed by water-induced dry skin in mice. (nih.gov)
Despite markedly reducing angiotensinogen in the blood, eliminating Agt from hepatocytes did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite, and in fact, these mice consumed the largest amounts of salt and water after sodium deprivation. (bvsalud.org)
Here, female mice without DAGLa having the choice between sugared and pure water drank less of the sweetened water than mice with intact DAGLa. (uni-bonn.de)
Glutamate2
S1P inhibited astrocytic glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily through S1P 2 . (eneuro.org)
Astrocytic S1P-S1P 2 signaling increased extracellular glutamate, which could contribute to neurotoxicity. (eneuro.org)
Edema5
Aging was found to have a profound effect on the TBI-induced loss of astrocyte function needed for maintaining water transport and edema-namely, aquaporin-4. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we show in the rodent water intoxication model of cytotoxic edema that astrocyte swelling and altered astrocyte calcium waves are central in the evolution of SiD. (mtak.hu)
Addititionally there is evidence the fact that appearance of AQP9 are available in astrocytic end foot and could play an essential function in aggravation of distressing human brain edema [4,33]. (baxkyardgardener.com)
Accumulation of sodium in the cell causes a rapid uptake of water through osmosis, with subsequent swelling of the cells. (wikipedia.org)
Aquaporins2
Aquaporins are multifunctional water and solute transporters highly divergent in living organisms. (benthamscience.com)
Takata K, Matsuzaki T, Tajika Y. Aquaporins: water channel proteins of the cell membrane. (benthamscience.com)
Excessive1
Excessive accumulation of brainwater content causes a gradual expansion of brain parenchyma, decreased blood flow and increased intracranial pressure and, ultimately, cerebral herniation and death. (benthamscience.com)
Astrocyte1
Based on the analysis of various dynamical modes of spontaneous astrocytic chemical activity, the peculiarities in astrocyte-neuron interaction in complex multicellular systems can be further investigated. (sgu.ru)
Intrathecal2
Although intrathecal CT cisternography with water-soluble iodinated contrast medium has been used, very few studies have dealt with the intrathecal use of gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA), though it appears superior to CT. (ajnr.org)
Both radionuclide cisternography and CT with intrathecal water-soluble iodinated contrast medium (CT myelography) have been used for this purpose but still have limitations and use ionizing radiation. (ajnr.org)
Role2
Indeed, astrocytic end feet, express the most AQP-4 channels in the entire CNS, playing a key role in brain activation and deactivation ( Mader and Brimberg, 2019 ). (raypeatforum.com)
Lena-Louise Schüle, Este Leidmaa and colleagues have combined sophisticated genetic, histological and biochemical methods to assess the role of astrocytic DAGLa in 2-AG production in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. (uni-bonn.de)
Thirst4
Despite virtually eliminating expression in the brain, deleting astrocytic Agt did not reduce thirst or sodium appetite. (bvsalud.org)
KEY POINTS: Angiotensin signalling is thought to be responsible for the increased thirst and sodium appetite caused by hypovolaemia, producing elevated water and sodium intake. (bvsalud.org)
Thirst emerges from a range of cellular changes that ultimately motivate an animal to consume water. (ox.ac.uk)
We propose that thirst elevates astrocytic D-serine release, which awakens quiescent glutamatergic circuits to enhance water procurement. (ox.ac.uk)
Increases1
In addition to its renal and cardiovascular functions, angiotensin signalling is thought to be responsible for the increases in salt and water intake caused by hypovolaemia. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins1
AQPs are water-transporting proteins which have been identified as the main water channels to provide a key route for water movement in the brain STMY [13,30,31,40]. (baxkyardgardener.com)
Release1
Our results indicate that the spinal IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway contributes to chronic itch via astrocytic JAK2-STAT3 cascade activation, promoting TNF-α release to regulate the GRP/GRPR signaling-related itch response. (nih.gov)
Channels1
Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate whether administration of potential drugs against K + and water channels shortly after chemically induced status epilepticus (SE) can attenuate morphological and molecular changes in brain glial cells and improve the clinical prognosis in terms of lowering frequency and severity of seizures. (eu-gliaphd.eu)
Molecular2
Molecular cloning of a mercurial-insensitive water channel expressed in selected water-transporting tissues. (benthamscience.com)
Here, we identify molecular and cellular adaptations in the brain using single-cell sequencing of water-deprived Drosophila. (ox.ac.uk)
Blood1
When the cysts are formed call of duty modern warfare 2 hwid ban bypass of accumulated water and fluids, the three principal methods of treatments are: 1 yo warm the Kidney with the aim to prevent further accumulation 2 resolve the phlegm masses, and 3 restore mw 2 dll injection blood circulation to the affected area 5. (vicrecruitment.com.au)
Activity1
The purpose of this work is to show the mechanisms of transitions between different dynamic modes of spontaneous astrocytic calcium activity. (sgu.ru)
Methods1
In: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (cdc.gov)
Standard1
entities (astrocytic mind tumor and acute myeloid leukemia) were not standard for PNS. (healthyguide.info)
Transport1
Volga State Academy of Water Transport (VGAVT), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, st. (sgu.ru)
Treatment1
Distilled water was used as control treatment. (hh-ra.org)