Assumed that olfactory receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell. (wikipedia.org)
In vertebrates, the olfactory receptors are located in both the cilia and synapses of the olfactory sensory neurons and in the epithelium of the human airway. (wikipedia.org)
Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
On serial sections through the olfactory bulb of mOR37-transgenic mouse lines, double-labeling experiments demonstrated that distinct immunoreactive glomeruli corresponded to glomeruli that were targeted by neurons expressing a particular member of the mOR37 receptor subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)
The more kinds of active receptors present in the sensory neurons of the nasal cavity, the greater the capacity to detect low concentrations of odorant. (blogspot.com)
The glomerular layer receives direct input from olfactory nerves, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa , a region of the nasal cavity . (wikidoc.org)
The ends of the axons cluster in spherical structures known as glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor . (wikidoc.org)
Glomeruli are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells , which in turn output to the olfactory cortex . (wikidoc.org)
As a neural circuit, the olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory epithelium), and one output (mitral cell axons). (wikidoc.org)
By analogy to similar parts of the brain such as the retina , many researchers have focused on how the olfactory bulb filters incoming information from receptor neurons in space, or how it filters incoming information in time. (wikidoc.org)
Among vertebrates, the sense of smell is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed in sensory neurons within the olfactory epithelium [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In female mosquitoes, AgOR1-expressing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were almost exclusively segregated in segments 3 to 9, whereas AgOR2-expressing ORNs were distributed over flagellomeres 2 to 13. (ijbs.com)
Insects detect and discriminate volatile odorants by means of olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) located in sensory structures called olfactory sensilla. (ijbs.com)
They all belong to the vast family of G protein-coupled receptors which, once bound to their specific ligand or scent, are stimulated and trigger off signal transduction pathways, opening and shutting calcium ion channels in olfactory neurons, which end up telling the brain what it is smelling. (proteinspotlight.org)
Olfactory receptors reside on the cell surface of olfactory receptor neurons, and are involved in odorant detection. (blogspot.com)

The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium , and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. (wikidoc.org)
It receives axonal input from the vomeronasal organ , a distinct sensory epithelium from the main olfactory epithelium that detects pheremones, among other chemical stimuli. (wikidoc.org)
There are many different kinds of olfactory receptors, the great majority of which are found in the olfactory epithelium in the nose. (proteinspotlight.org)
It's no surprise to see it in the olfactory epithelium in the snout, but notice that it's also in the axial skeleton (vertebral column), probably in cartilage cells that will soon become bone. (blogspot.com)
level in olfactory epithelium is the most appropriate internal dose measure for use in risk assessment for this endpoint. (cdc.gov)

Humans have approximately 5 million olfactory receptors in the nose. (grandviewoutdoors.com)
We have a mere 7 million olfactory receptors, while whitetail deer have almost 300 million. (worlddeer.org)

The olfactory receptors form a multigene family consisting of around 800 genes in humans and 1400 genes in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Mice have about 1000 genes for olfactory receptors and this single gene family accounts for about 4% of all the genes in the mouse genome. (blogspot.com)
Humans have about 800 olfactory receptor genes but half of them are pseudogenes. (blogspot.com)
If this assumption is correct then it should be possible to identify specific olfactory receptor genes that are responsible for the diversity in odor detection. (blogspot.com)
The authors then tried to correlate ability to detect low levels of these odorants with the presence of specific markers for alleles of olfactory receptor genes. (blogspot.com)
The olfactory receptor encoded by this gene responded to isovaleric acid whereas the pseudogene produced no response and other intact genes did not respond to this ligand. (blogspot.com)
The OR11H7P gene is part of a large cluster of olfactory receptor genes on chromosome 14. (blogspot.com)
We hypothesize that the radiation of the group γ-c OR genes in each bird lineage parallels the evolution of specific olfactory sensory functions. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, with some exceptions such as olfactory receptors and genes involved in keratin production, transporter genes are significantly more heterogeneously expressed than are most non-transporter genes. (biorxiv.org)
For example, one of the intervals of interest is loaded with olfactory receptor (OR) genes. (blogspot.com)
All evidence suggests that conserved molecular mechanisms, such as those involved in the fixation of glycine in the GnRH molecule for either 10,000 or 400 million years, link nutrient uptake to pheromone-controlled reproduction via the creation of de novo olfactory receptor genes. (microrna.pro)
We identified an association (rs7688383) in the vicinity of the UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 genes (OR=1.115, p-value=4x10-15), which have been linked to olfactory function. (cdc.gov)

However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. (frontiersin.org)

Crabtree, in 1978, had previously suggested that Cu(I) is "the most likely candidate for a metallo-receptor site in olfaction" for strong-smelling volatiles which are also good metal-coordinating ligands, such as thiols. (wikipedia.org)
The results demonstrate a direct link between phenotpypic variation in human olfaction and olfactory receptor gene polymorphisms. (blogspot.com)
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction , the perception of odors. (wikidoc.org)
Not only does this make it hard to voluntarily attend to the olfactory channel, but it also can explain why olfaction goes largely unnoticed in our day-to-day experience of flavour. (biomedcentral.com)

This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)

Closely related olfactory receptors molecules tend to bind similar odorants. (blogspot.com)
The detection of odorants is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs). (biomedcentral.com)
This factsheet explains the terminology used to describe odorants and odor, how the human olfactory system works, and how humans respond to odor. (porkgateway.org)

Once the odorant has bound to the odor receptor, the receptor undergoes structural changes and it binds and activates the olfactory-type G protein on the inside of the olfactory receptor neuron. (wikipedia.org)
The cAMP opens cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels which allow calcium and sodium ions to enter into the cell, depolarizing the olfactory receptor neuron and beginning an action potential which carries the information to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
2 They ran a series of tests on the cells, each called an olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). (icr.org)
Disrupting the olfactory neuron function by mutation or laser ablation in worms and flies extends their life spans. (brainstorming.com)

Rather than binding specific ligands, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules, and conversely a single odorant molecule may bind to a number of olfactory receptors with varying affinities, which depend on physio-chemical properties of molecules like their molecular volumes. (wikipedia.org)
Such isotope effects are exceedingly common, and so it is well known that deuterium substitution will indeed change the binding constants of molecules to protein receptors. (wikipedia.org)
in the cilia recognizing odorous molecules from the environment and in the axons recognizing molecular cues in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
These conclusions are based on the assumption that each olfactory receptor can bind to a single odorant molecule-or a small number of related molecules. (blogspot.com)
Background Olfactory receptors work at the interface between the chemical world of volatile molecules and the perception of scent in the brain. (uni-frankfurt.de)
With genetic and biochemical methods for investigation of taste cell cultures was then determined that the human taste cells contain many of the key molecules of which it is known that they are also in olfactory receptors. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
The researchers-as-a-Calcium-Imaging method known to show that the cultured taste cells respond to odor molecules similar to olfactory receptor cells used then. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
It is still not known what molecules the vast majority of the 400 different types of functional enable human olfactory receptors. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Since the cultured taste cell to odors, you could be potentially used to determine which molecules bind to specific human olfactory receptors. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
The finding, published in Frontiers in Oncology , suggests that taking the opposite approach - blocking the receptor with specific molecules, or perhaps even with specific scents - could provide a new way to treat prostate cancer. (frontiersin.org)
The scientists suggest that blocking the receptor with specific molecules, or perhaps even with specific scents, could provide a new way to treat prostate cancer. (frontiersin.org)

These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (wikipedia.org)

In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. (wikidoc.org)

These odorant receptors are known as hOR 17-4. (proteinspotlight.org)

The receptors AgOR1 and AgOR2, as well as the binding protein AgOBP1, have been implicated in the recognition of human host odors. (ijbs.com)
While female Anopheles rely on their sense of smell to find a blood host in addition to sugar providing plants and appropriate oviposition sites [ 1 ], the nectar feeding male mosquitoes mainly use their olfactory system to locate host plant odors [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Detectable odors can have a significant impact on people by affecting human emotions as well as having physiological impacts on the olfactory system. (porkgateway.org)
The team built an olfactory map that identifies exactly which receptor pairs detect and process specific odors. (icr.org)

Thus, by using a chemical that binds to copper in the mouse nose, so that copper wasn't available to the receptors, the authors showed that the mice couldn't detect the thiols. (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory bulb transmits smell information from the nose to the brain, and is thus necessary for a proper sense of smell. (wikidoc.org)
Researchers found out now that the so-called functional olfactory receptors, the Sensors that detect smells in the nose are also in human taste cells on the tongue. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
But Dr Tatjana Abaffy , a research assistant professor working with Matsunami, was interested in olfactory receptors that are present outside the nose. (frontiersin.org)
Joy has something called hyperosmia, basically a superhuman sense of smell, her nose has more olfactory receptors than the rest of us. (answerswithjoe.com)
I knew nothing about olfactory receptors underlying the prowess of a dog's nose. (365tomorrows.com)
They use the antennae like a human nose by detecting their environment's olfactory information (smells). (pestcontroliq.com)

When we inhale a smell, the aroma particles are caught up by olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. (masstamilan.in)

Drawing on recent work, the evidence suggests that concurrent gustatory and somatosensory stimulation capture attention at the expense of the olfactory channel. (biomedcentral.com)
An odorant is a substance capable of eliciting an olfactory response whereas odor is the sensation resulting from stimulation of the olfactory organs. (porkgateway.org)
Activation of circuits regulating these innate behaviors begins in the periphery with sensory stimulation (primarily via the olfactory system in rodents), and is then processed in the brain by a set of delineated structures that primarily includes the amygdala and hypothalamus. (frontiersin.org)
We found that stimulation of ß adrenergic receptors increased primary branching of rodent astrocytes in vitro Conversely, astrocyte-conditional knockout of the ß1 adrenergic receptor reduced the size of gray matter astrocytes and led to dysregulated sensorimotor integration in female mice. (bvsalud.org)
The sensory experience is produced by stimulation of specific receptors in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
The gross anatomy (peripheral and central nervous system) of taste, microscopic and ultrastructural morphology of taste buds, physiology of taste (modalities, distribution of taste sensations, electrophysiology of the receptors, mechanism and intensity of stimulation, and taste contrasts), as well as a few clinical applications, are discussed in this article. (medscape.com)

Hence, changes in olfactory perception might be involved in unhealthy eating and potentially lead to weight gain. (frontiersin.org)

It's quite likely that many people reading this blog can't smell isovaleric acid at low concentrations because they don't have one of the olfactory receptors for that ligand [ A Sense of Smell: Olfactory Receptors ]. (blogspot.com)
When scientists first described the receptors responsible for our sense of smell , they naturally assumed that these chemical sensors resided exclusively in the lining of our noses. (frontiersin.org)
Thus far, Matsunami's lab has identified the molecular keys or "ligands" that activate more than 50 different olfactory receptors, most involved in smell and other senses. (frontiersin.org)
Many hunters assume deer and other prey species have a better sense of smell than predators, including coyotes, but I've been proven wrong in that assessment time and time again. (grandviewoutdoors.com)
His name was Les, he was a doctor, and yeah, she started noticing a musky, yeasty smell coming off of him, and she assumed it was from something at work. (answerswithjoe.com)

2022. Valence opponency in peripheral olfactory processing. (icr.org)
The primary sensory areas receive somesthetic, auditory, visual, and gustatory stimuli from the thalamus, which receives stimuli from specialized sensory organs and peripheral receptors. (msdmanuals.com)

The presence of odor receptors and taste receptors in the same cell, which offers exciting possibilities to investigate the interactions between olfactory and taste stimuli on the tongue, explain the authors of the study. (fitness-gear-pro.com)

In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. (wikidoc.org)
When translating from rodent models to humans, it is important to understand that the sensory inputs of rodents are primarily olfactory, auditory, and somatosensory, with minimal visual inputs. (frontiersin.org)

To scrutinize the hypothesis that olfactory receptor proteins may also be present in the axonal processes and the nerve terminals, serial sections through the olfactory bulb were probed with the antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
their axonal projections converge onto one medial and one lateral glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)
The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. (wikidoc.org)
Numerous interneuron types exist in the olfactory bulb including periglomerular cells which synapse within and between glomeruli, and granule cells which synapse with mitral cells. (wikidoc.org)
The accessory olfactory bulb, which resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb, forms a parallel pathway independent from the main olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)
Like the main olfactory bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. (wikidoc.org)
However, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb project their axons to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus where they may influence aggressive and mating behavior. (wikidoc.org)
Olfactory T. Bulb" visible at upper left. (wikidoc.org)
However, the olfactory bulb also receives "top-down" information from such brain areas as the amygdala , neocortex , hippocampus , locus coeruleus , and substantia nigra . (wikidoc.org)
While all of these functions could theoretically arise from the olfactory bulb's circuit layout, it is unclear which, if any, of these functions are performed exclusively by the olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)
We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m 2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). (frontiersin.org)

The rest is probably due to polymorphisms or environmental differences in downstream parts of the olfactory detection pathway. (blogspot.com)
Schymura D, Forstner M, Schultze A, Kröber T, Swevers L, Iatrou K, Krieger J. Antennal expression pattern of two olfactory receptors and an odorant binding protein implicated in host odor detection by the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . (ijbs.com)
Odor-detection in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae involves large families of diverse proteins, including multiple odorant binding proteins (AgOBPs) and olfactory receptors (AgORs). (ijbs.com)
2. Direct regulation of energy homeostasis: The olfactory system may have direct effects on energy homeostasis (and therefore, longevity) independent of its function in odor detection. (brainstorming.com)

In insects, olfactory receptors are located on the antennae and other chemosensory organs. (wikipedia.org)
In A. gambiae , the majority of olfactory sensilla populate the antennae [ 4 ], whereas much lower numbers are located on the other two olfactory appendages, the maxillary palps and the proboscis [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)

To find the ligands that bind OR51E2 - the first step to figuring out what role it might play in prostate cancer cells - Abaffy made a virtual model of the olfactory receptor. (frontiersin.org)

A coyote likely has fewer olfactory receptors than a whitetail or equal numbers at best. (grandviewoutdoors.com)

Golebiowski, Ma and Matsunami showed that the mechanism of ligand recognition, although similar to other non-olfactory class A GPCRs, involves residues specific to olfactory receptors, notably in the sixth helix. (wikipedia.org)
The results also show that there is a certain amount of redundancy in ligand binding to receptors. (blogspot.com)
Methodology/Principal Findings: We present a method for structure-based virtual screening that is based on the comprehensive prediction of ligand binding sites on a protein model and automated construction of a ligand-receptor interaction map. (uni-frankfurt.de)
What is more, a second ligand known as undecanal has the exact opposite effect on sperm, in vitro, by inhibiting the olfactory receptor. (proteinspotlight.org)

This notion was recently supported by the finding that the olfactory receptor gene repertoire of the nocturnal kakapo, Strigops habroptilus , that is known to rely heavily on olfactory cues is larger than that of its related, but diurnal relatives (kea, Nestor notabilis , and kaka, Nestor meridionalis ). (biomedcentral.com)
P = 4.94 × 10-8) near the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 gene (NPR3). (cdc.gov)

Olfactory receptors belong to a family of proteins called G protein-coupled receptors or GPCRs, which are the most commonly exploited drug target in modern medicine. (frontiersin.org)

Since each receptor is presumably capable of binding a specific odorant, it seems very likely that mice can detect a large number of different smells. (blogspot.com)

They are incapable of producing a full-length functional receptor protein. (blogspot.com)
ORs are G-protein coupled receptors that form a remarkably large protein superfamily in vertebrate genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
She found repeated mentions in the scientific literature of a receptor called OR51E2 present in such unusually high levels in prostate cancer cells that it earned the alternate moniker Prostate-Specific G Protein-Coupled Receptor (PSGR). (frontiersin.org)
Altogether, the results demonstrate that both sexes express the two olfactory receptor types as well as the binding protein AgOBP1 but there is a significant sexual dimorphism concerning the number and distribution of these cells. (ijbs.com)
We show that the protein is required at an early, but post-receptor engagement, stage of the viral lifecycle. (cdc.gov)

Activated olfactory receptors trigger nerve impulses which transmit information about odor to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The question whether OR proteins are indeed present in the axons and nerve terminals of OSNs is thus of fundamental importance toward an understanding of the functional wiring in the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
After coursing along the stylopharyngeus muscle and providing its nerve supply, the nerve assumes a medial relation to the external carotid artery and anteromedial to the internal carotid artery. (medscape.com)

Olfactory pathways bypass the thalamus and go directly to specialized areas of the cortex. (msdmanuals.com)

8] Evolutionarily, the olfactory system may have a dual role of detecting outside sensory cues and also internal nutrients. (brainstorming.com)

No. But they do have receptors on their surface, which are very like - if not identical - to olfactory receptors we have in our noses, and which can pick up scents. (proteinspotlight.org)

Malfunction of the metalloproteins in the olfactory system is hypothesized to have a connection with amyloidal based neurodegenerative diseases. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, antibodies were generated against unique epitopes of distinct OR types and used in immunohistochemical experiments to visualize the receptor proteins in whole-mount preparations and tissue sections of the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
It is the second processing stage of the accessory olfactory system . (wikidoc.org)
The results together provide the first Demonstration of functional olfactory receptors in human taste cells, suggesting that olfactory receptors may play in the taste system, they interact with taste receptor cells on the tongue. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Describe the human olfactory system and how it responds to odor. (porkgateway.org)
On this notion, it has been shown that individuals with obesity show several alterations in the olfactory system. (frontiersin.org)

The primary sequences of thousands of olfactory receptors are known from the genomes of more than a dozen organisms: they are seven-helix transmembrane proteins, but there are very few solved structures. (wikipedia.org)
By means of immunohistochemistry and double-labeling studies using transgenic mouse lines as well as Western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the newly generated antibodies specifically recognized the receptor proteins. (jneurosci.org)
In this study, we have explored the expression of these olfactory proteins, as well as the ubiquitous odorant receptor heteromerization partner AgOR7, in the thirteen flagellomeres (segments) of female and male antenna. (ijbs.com)

Olfactory structures express a high density of receptors for hormones such as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin. (brainstorming.com)

They also appear poorer at detecting the olfactory components of a flavour relative to the taste and somatosensory parts. (biomedcentral.com)

We previously identified adrenergic receptors as preferentially enriched in developing gray versus white matter astrocytes, suggesting that noradrenergic signaling could be a cue that promotes the functional maturation of gray matter astrocytes. (bvsalud.org)

It looks like OR11H7P encodes a receptor that binds isovaleric acid. (blogspot.com)

We know this because F&S whitetails editor Scott Bestul once tested it with a drug-sniffing dog (and because deer have more olfactory receptors than any pooch). (fieldandstream.com)

Nearly a quarter of a century later, researchers are still wondering what these receptors are doing in such disparate locations. (frontiersin.org)
Duke researchers have shown in new research that one olfactory receptor plays a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer. (frontiersin.org)
We can only assume that this study can be reproduced by a group of researchers having access to the original data. (genenetwork.org)

In a recent but highly controversial interpretation, it has also been speculated that olfactory receptors might really sense various vibrational energy-levels of a molecule rather than structural motifs via quantum coherence mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Not only is this instrumental in generating our sense of food texture via receptors located within the various tissues of the mouth [ 9 ], but it also detects sensations relating to temperature, irritation and pain. (biomedcentral.com)
Avoid nuts such as sweet almond, hazelnut, and peanut oils if allergic, even while this may seem like common sense, some people will assume that because the oil does not enter the body, it must be harmless and to understand the importance of exercising utmost caution when handling these oils, you must have experienced an allergic reaction to nuts. (masstamilan.in)
Roaches have receptors that sense vibrations and sounds, helping them detect possible threats. (pestcontroliq.com)

Sperm cells also express odor receptors, which are thought to be involved in chemotaxis to find the egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
The same kind of olfactory receptors are also found on the surface of sperm membranes. (proteinspotlight.org)

Instead, one can expect that even closely related species experienced different selection pressures on olfactory abilities. (biomedcentral.com)

She then trained a computer to screen a library of 2,516 different human metabolites and pick out the ones most likely to unlock the virtual receptor. (frontiersin.org)
Many people assume that the cockroaches are "playing possum" when they stay still for so long, especially after a human walks in. (pestcontroliq.com)
We provide new evidence that the ß1 adrenergic receptor is robustly expressed by both mouse and human astrocytes, and that conditional knockout of the ß1 adrenergic receptor from female mouse astrocytes impairs gray matter astrocyte maturation. (bvsalud.org)

These receptors act by a lock and key mechanism. (frontiersin.org)

It is important to note that these findings do not imply that all birds have similar olfactory systems and abilities. (biomedcentral.com)

This result strongly suggests that e.g. ecological niche adaptations such as daily activity patterns can lead to different olfactory abilities in close relatives [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the current study of the Monell Chemical Senses Center has found that olfactory receptors are also present in taste cells on the tongue. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Other experiments by the Monell Chemical Senses Center have already shown that a single taste cell may contain both taste and olfactory receptors. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
In the future, further investigation is to find out whether olfactory receptors are preferably localized on a given Taste cell type, for example, on fresh or salt-detecting cells. (fitness-gear-pro.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms42

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science4

Health Care1

Neurons16

Epithelium5

Million olfactory receptors2

Genes12

Related to olfactory function1

Olfaction4

Implies that olfactory2

Odorants3

Neuron4

Molecules11

Family of G protein-c1

Vertebrates1

Odorant receptors1

Odors4

Nose7

Nasal cavity1

Stimulation6

Perception1

Smell5

Peripheral2

Stimuli1

Humans2

Bulb12

Detection4

Antennae2

Ligands1

Whitetail1

Ligand4

Gene2

GPCRs1

Smells1

Protein5

Nerve3

Pathways1

Cues1

Noses1

System6

Proteins3

Structures1

Somatosensory1

Functional1

Binds1

Deer1

Researchers3

Sense4

Sperm2

Closely1

Human3

Mechanism1

Similar1

Patterns1

Taste3