AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceGeographicals
Testicular HydroceleTestisElephantiasis, FilarialScrotumSpermatoceleWuchereria bancroftiUrologic Surgical Procedures, MaleLymphangiectasisHernia, InguinalSpermatic Cord TorsionGenital Diseases, MaleFijiInjections, IntralymphaticFilariasisTesticular DiseasesCryptorchidismSpermatic CordInguinal CanalMicrofilariaEpididymitisRete TestisHaitiSpermatogenesisFilaricidesMyokymiaVaricoceleEncyclopedias as TopicEmergency MedicineGenital Neoplasms, Male
ScrotumEpididymisVaricoceleFluidScrotalHerniaSpermatic cordEpididymitisPediatric hydrocelesTesticleProcessus vaginalis remainsSurrounds the testisManagement of hydroceleFilarial HydrocelePosteriorAccumulationGroinAsymptomaticTumorHerniasAdultDiagnosisNoncommunicatingLymphatic filariasisInflammationFertilityUsually occursExcisionSurgicallyLaparoscopicGubernaculumTesticular torsionOccursIncidencePainlessTestosteroneSpermSutureLumpsSecondaryCanalMesorchiumOrchiectomyProcedureSymptoms
Scrotum18
  • A primary hydrocele testis causes a painless enlargement in the scrotum on the affected side and is thought to be due to the defective absorption of fluid secreted between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis (investing membrane). (wikipedia.org)
  • A hydrocele testis feels like a small fluid-filled balloon inside the scrotum. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] During embryogenesis, the testis descends through the inguinal canal, drawing a diverticulum of peritoneum into the scrotum as it descends. (wikipedia.org)
  • Congenital hydrocele testis results when the processus vaginalis remains, allowing fluid from the peritoneum to accumulate in the scrotum. (wikipedia.org)
  • A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid that results from a defect or irritation in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • A communicating hydrocele is similar to a hernia except that the sac connecting the abdomen to the scrotum or labia majora contains only fluid rather than abdominal contents. (medscape.com)
  • In primary hydrocele, the processus vaginalis of the spermatic cord fuses at term or within 1-2 years after birth, obliterating the communication between the abdomen and the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular cancer is likely the most well-known condition, but there are many other benign conditions of the testes and scrotum that range from minor to life-threatening. (romlotthazai.hu)
  • The terms testis (singular) and testes (plural) refer to the male reproductive gland (or glands), the source of spermatozoa and of the androgens, usually paired in an external scrotum in man and certain other mammals. (wordinfo.info)
  • Hydrocele is an abnormal fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum or along the spermatic cord in males. (medscape.com)
  • Primary hydroceles are those of congenital origin and may be further divided into communicating or non-communicating (ie, with or without patency between peritoneum and scrotum). (medscape.com)
  • In children, most hydroceles are congenital and of the communicating type, in which patency of the processus vaginalis allows peritoneal fluid to flow into the scrotum, particularly during Valsalva maneuvers. (medscape.com)
  • The change in position of the testes is much more pronounced than that of the ovaries and includes its journey through the thickness of the abdominal wall to the scrotum. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • There was inflammatory fat stranding and thickening of the adjacent subcutaneous fat and scrotum and a small right hydrocele. (springeropen.com)
  • The most common symptom is a mass or hydrocele (buildup of fluid) inside the scrotum. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Over the last 3 months of gestation, the testis must course its way down from its original retroperitoneal position to its final destination in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • The testis is a paired, ovoid male reproductive organ that sits in the scrotum, separated from its mate by a scrotal septum. (medscape.com)
  • Inferiorly, the testis is anchored to the scrotum by the scrotal ligament, a remnant of the gubernaculum. (medscape.com)
Epididymis12
  • Normally, the communication between the processus vaginalis and the peritoneum is obliterated, and the tunica vaginalis is the tissue that remains overlying the testis and the epididymis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondary hydrocele usually occurs as a result of an underlying condition, such as infection (filariasis, tuberculosis of the epididymis, syphilis), injury (trauma, post-herniorrhaphy hydrocele), or malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis (the coiled tube on top of the testis that provides the space and environment for sperm to mature), and epididymo-orchitis is inflammation of the epididymis and testes. (merckmanuals.com)
  • 3. In the adult, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis between the testis and epididymis. (wordinfo.info)
  • The scrotal part of the processus vaginalis mostly surrounds the testis to form the tunica vaginalis, although the posterior aspect of the testis that is attached to the epididymis is not covered by the tunica. (medscape.com)
  • The deformity leads to inadequate posterior fixation of the testis to the epididymis and scrotal wall. (aafp.org)
  • Epididymectomy Excision of the epididymis from the testis. (nursekey.com)
  • An image depicting the testes and epididymis can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • The tunica vaginalis testis (a remnant of the processus vaginalis) envelopes the testis in a double layer, except at the superior and posterior borders where the spermatic cord and epididymis adhere to the testes. (medscape.com)
  • The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis testis is closely applied to the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens. (medscape.com)
  • On the posterolateral surface of the testis, this layer invests a slit-like recess between the body of the epididymis and the testis that is called the sinus of epididymis. (medscape.com)
  • The epididymal head overhangs the upper pole of the testis, receives the seminal fluid from the ducts of the testis (which pierce the upper portion of the mediastinum), then allows the passage of the sperm into the distal portion of the epididymis. (medscape.com)
Varicocele4
Fluid16
  • A hydrocele testis is an accumulation of clear fluid within the cavum vaginale, the potential space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the fluid of a hydrocele testis is transparent, light shone through the hydrocelic region will be visible from the other side. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Symptoms of a hydrocele testis can easily be distinguished from testicular cancer, as a hydrocele is soft and fluid-filled, whereas testicular cancer feels hard and rough. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrocele fluid can be aspirated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sclerotherapy, the injection of a solution following aspiration of the hydrocele fluid may increase success rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • A noncommunicating hydrocele is a collection of scrotal fluid that is isolated from the abdomen. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrocele of the cord is associated with pathologic closure of the distal processus vaginalis, which allows fluid pooling in the mid portion of the spermatic cord. (medscape.com)
  • Noncommunicating hydrocele results from pathologic closure of the processus vaginalis and trapping of peritoneal fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Other causes of hydrocele include radiation therapy, exstrophy of the bladder, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome , and a change in the type or volume of peritoneal fluid, such as in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and those with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. (medscape.com)
  • With noncommunicating hydroceles, in both children and adults, fluid accumulates because of altered balance between fluid production and absorption within the tunica. (medscape.com)
  • Following laparoscopic or transplant surgery in males, inadequate aspiration of irrigation fluid may cause hydroceles in patients with a patent processus vaginalis or a small hernia. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrocele could be defined as a collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis ( TV ) formed when the PV remains patent. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • The anterior side of the hydrocele sac is opened and the fluid evacuated. (vesalius.com)
  • The surgical process of removing a hydrocele (the accumulation of fluid in the coat around the testis). (wordinfo.info)
  • Hydrocelectomy Excision of the tunica vaginalis of the testis for removal of a hydrocele (a fluid-filled sac). (nursekey.com)
  • Intervention group (Group A) n = 30: ultrasound-guided aspiration of hydrocele fluid at study onset. (who.int)
Scrotal4
  • The scrotal approach, with excision or eversion and suturing of the tunica vaginalis, is recommended for chronic noncommunicating hydroceles. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, Alp et al report that the scrotal approach is an effective alternative for the treatment of communicating hydrocele in pediatric patients. (medscape.com)
  • While they are commonly benign, hydroceles should be evaluated thoroughly, as they can be associated with underlying scrotal pathology. (medscape.com)
  • Funiculitis, an inflammation of cord structures, may cause inguinal or scrotal pain, but the testis is normal. (aafp.org)
Hernia8
  • Indirect inguinal hernia indicates increased risk of hydrocele testis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Operations were for inguinal hernia (110 cases), hydrocele (25), undescended testis (16), umbilical hernia (13) and funiculocele (3). (ima.org.il)
  • For more information on surgery in children, see Pediatric Hydrocele and Hernia Surgery . (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the authors reported on the features of the internal inguinal ring (IIR) found in cases of hydrocele and in cases of inguinal hernia treated during the study period. (medscape.com)
  • For additional information on hydroceles, see Hydrocele in Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Hydrocele and Hernia Surgery. (medscape.com)
  • The following chapter will try to describe in a complete, yet concise and summarized way about the history, embryology and development, diagnosis and treatment of congenital inguinal hernia and hydrocele. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • Hydrocele and congenital inguinal hernia appear as a result of failure in the process of obliteration of the processus vaginalis ( PV ), a peritoneal evagination created from coelomic epithelium which normally seals during the first year of age. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • Failure in the process of obliteration of the PV is then associated with hernia, hydrocele, and encysted cord hydrocele. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Spermatic cord4
Epididymitis1
Pediatric hydroceles2
  • The inguinal approach, with ligation of the processus vaginalis high within the internal inguinal ring, is the procedure of choice for pediatric hydroceles (typically, communicating). (medscape.com)
  • The authors suggest that the modified single-port technique is safe, effective, and more cosmetically appealing for the management of complicated pediatric hydroceles. (medscape.com)
Testicle2
  • The word testicle is a diminutive of testis . (wordinfo.info)
  • 2. In the fetus, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis (the serous membrane surrounding the front and sides of the testicle) supporting the mesonephros and the developing testis. (wordinfo.info)
Processus vaginalis remains1
  • and (4) vaginal hydrocele, in which the processus vaginalis remains patent only around the testes. (medscape.com)
Surrounds the testis1
  • This anomaly is known as the "bell-clapper" deformity, in which the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis. (aafp.org)
Management of hydrocele1
Filarial Hydrocele2
Posterior3
  • The rim of remaining sac is inverted posterior to the testis and sutured together using 3-0 monifilament suture. (vesalius.com)
  • On the posterior surface, it is reflected inwardly to form an incomplete vertical septum called the mediastinum testis. (medscape.com)
  • Located on the posterior border of the testis, it is composed of 3 parts, including the head (caput), body (corpora), and tail (cauda). (medscape.com)
Accumulation1
Groin1
  • Young girl with groin bulge, which, at surgery, was a hydrocele of along the canal of Nuck. (medscape.com)
Asymptomatic2
  • Most hydroceles are asymptomatic or subclinical. (medscape.com)
  • Asymptomatic adults with isolated noncommunicating hydroceles can be observed indefinitely or until they become symptomatic, as complications such as infection or testicular compromise are exceedingly rare. (medscape.com)
Tumor3
  • Tumor, especially germ cell tumors or tumors of the testicular adnexa, may cause hydrocele, and traumatic (ie, hemorrhagic) hydroceles are common. (medscape.com)
  • A biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from the tumor within the testes and analyzing the cellular structure in the lab. (pleuralmesothelioma.com)
  • Light will not transmit through a solid tumor, while a hydrocele will glow a soft red color. (aafp.org)
Hernias1
  • A few studies have attempted to show a link between certain molecular derangements and an increased incidence of patent processus vaginales (and therefore hydroceles and indirect hernias). (medscape.com)
Adult1
  • Described by some as being shaped and sized like a large olive or small plum, the average volume of the adult testis is approximately 25 mL. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
  • The clinician may be misled by focusing on the hydrocele, which delays the diagnosis of torsion. (medscape.com)
  • First, the diagnosis of hydrocele, as other growths of the testis may mimic hydrocele. (ndtv.com)
Noncommunicating3
  • Noncommunicating hydroceles are the most common type of hydrocele globally, affecting more than 30 million men and boys. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, large noncommunicating hydroceles may also warrant surgical management. (medscape.com)
  • Noncommunicating hydroceles can also be congenital, or they may result from conditions such as inflammation, infection, previous surgeries, or testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
Lymphatic filariasis1
  • Hydrocele also can be caused by tuberculosis and by tropical infections such as lymphatic filariasis (LF) . (medscape.com)
Inflammation3
  • A secondary hydrocele is secondary to either inflammation or a neoplasm in the testis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondary hydroceles are caused by conditions such as inflammation, infection, previous surgeries, or testicular torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic or acute inflammation of the testes, their appendages, prostate. (dawasante.net)
Fertility3
  • citation needed] A hydrocele testis is not generally thought to affect fertility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydroceles do not have an effect on later fertility. (medscape.com)
  • The formation of varicose veins in the venous plexus of the testes (plexus pampiniformis) can impair the supply of nutrients, fertility and hormone release of the testes. (varicocele-treatment.com)
Usually occurs1
Excision2
  • citation needed] Hydrocelectomy with Excision of the Hydrocele Sac Incision of the hydrocele sac after complete mobilization of the hydrocele. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocele surgery with excision of the hydrocele sac is useful for large or thick-walled hydroceles and multilocular hydroceles. (wikipedia.org)
Surgically2
  • If the hydrocele is not surgically removed, it may continue to grow. (wikipedia.org)
  • In pediatric patients, communicating hydroceles are surgically managed if they persist beyond the first year or two of life. (medscape.com)
Laparoscopic2
  • In a study by Saka et al, 69 patients with hydrocele underwent either laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (40 patients) or open repair (29 patients), and the safety and efficacy of the two approaches were compared. (medscape.com)
  • Wang et al reported success with single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of the internal ring in 483 children with hydrocele. (medscape.com)
Gubernaculum3
  • The gubernaculum testis is attached distally to the labioscrotal ridge, which will serve as an axis around which the mesoderm is modeled, giving rise to the inguinal canal. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • Distal traction generated by the gubernaculum testis. (pediatricurologybook.com)
  • In this disorder, incomplete attachment of the gubernaculum and testicular tunics to dartos fascia causes the cord to twist above the level of the testis and tunica vaginalis. (aafp.org)
Testicular torsion1
  • Testicular torsion may cause a reactive hydrocele in 20% of cases. (medscape.com)
Occurs1
  • Ipsilateral hydrocele occurs in as many as 70% of patients after renal transplantation. (medscape.com)
Incidence1
  • In a Swedish study, the annual incidence of hydroceles in patients age 18 years and older who presented to specialized healthcare was 60 per 100,000 men. (medscape.com)
Painless1
  • Hydrocele testes vary greatly in size and are typically painless and harmless. (wikipedia.org)
Testosterone1
  • As the fetus develops, the functioning testis produces the male hormone testosterone to allow development of male genitalia. (medscape.com)
Sperm1
Suture1
  • The hydrocele sac is reduced (plicated) by suture Hydrocele surgery: Lord's technique. (wikipedia.org)
Lumps1
  • An ultrasound, or Doppler, can show if there are lumps or masses in the testes as well as any areas of restricted blood flow. (pleuralmesothelioma.com)
Secondary3
  • Hydroceles can be primary and secondary. (medscape.com)
  • Filariasis, secondary to infestation with Wuchereria bancrofti, has also been shown to be a significant cause of secondary hydroceles in endemic regions of the world. (medscape.com)
  • Hydroceles have been classified as primary or secondary. (medscape.com)
Canal2
  • Abdominoscrotal hydroceles (and canal of Nuck hydroceles) require an inguinal approach so that the abdominal extent can be managed. (medscape.com)
  • Less commonly, hydroceles occur in females along the canal of Nuck. (medscape.com)
Mesorchium1
Orchiectomy1
Procedure1
  • In many patients, the procedure of aspiration and sclerotherapy is repeated as the hydrocele recurs. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms2
  • Systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting are absent in uncomplicated hydrocele. (medscape.com)
  • GU symptoms are absent in uncomplicated hydrocele. (medscape.com)