Several physiological stresses including nutrient starvation, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pathogenic infections, and chemotherapy can trigger phagophore formation. (hindawi.com)
CHOP expression is induced by certain cellular stresses including starvation and the induced CHOP suppresses cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase (2). (affbiotech.com)
Metabolic1
Metabolic alterations in cancer cells are numerous and include aerobic glycolysis, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, and increased generation of biosynthetic intermediates needed for cell growth and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogenic1
The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. (bvsalud.org)
Protein2
The matter was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The plant plant-orange matter total protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, Sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. (worldcarecouncil.org)
Glutamate is a component amino acid in many protein rich foods including the gluten protein in flour and is found as a free acid in cheeses and soya sauce. (foodb.ca)
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes the synthesis of the non-essential amino acid asparagine from aspartate. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional2
11. Transcriptional induction of the human asparagine synthetase gene during the unfolded protein response does not require the ATF6 and IRE1/XBP1 arms of the pathway. (nih.gov)
expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). (nih.gov)
Gene7
We show that recessive mutations in the ASNS gene are responsible for this syndrome. (nih.gov)
There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ASNS gene on chromosome 7q21. (cdc.gov)
15. Amino acid deprivation induces the transcription rate of the human asparagine synthetase gene through a timed program of expression and promoter binding of nutrient-responsive basic region/leucine zipper transcription factors as well as localized histone acetylation. (nih.gov)
Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
Total count of NCBI Gene Reference Into Function hits for target listed in parenthesis, and summary table with links to publications per PMID with the specific text in article that includes the reported target. (nih.gov)
Taken together, HCC subtype which is more reliant on asparagine and glutamine metabolism has a worse prognosis, and a core gene of asparagine metabolism GOT2 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target of HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Synthesis3
Our study thus indicates that asparagine synthesis is essential for the development and function of the brain but not for that of other organs. (nih.gov)
As a central metabolic organelle, mitochondria execute critical biochemical functions for the synthesis of fundamental cellular components, including fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
TCA metabolism and FOCM enable cells to convert carbohydrates and amino acids to lipids, non-essential amino acids, nucleotides (including purines used for cofactor synthesis), glutathione, heme, and other cellular components. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion2
The neurological impairment resulting from ASNS deficiency may be explained by asparagine depletion in the brain or by accumulation of aspartate/glutamate leading to enhanced excitability and neuronal damage. (nih.gov)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) barely expresses ASNS and is thus sensitive to asparagine depletion therapy by asparaginase (ASNase). (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors2
On the contrary, functional mitochondria are present in all proliferative cells within our body (including all tumors), as they are responsible for converting the diverse nutrients available to cells into the fundamental building blocks required for cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors with elevated ASNS activity may acquire proliferation advantage and chemotherapy resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma2
Importantly, long-term (49 weeks) hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling initiated late in life (94-104 weeks), in conjugation with HFD feeding, protected mice against neoplastic disorders, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in a strain and sex-specific manner. (bvsalud.org)
Polymorphism in asparagine synthetase is associated with overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (cdc.gov)
Chromosome1
The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) includes nuclear chromosome (nDNA)- and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded polypeptides. (nih.gov)
Pancreatic1
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) expression status is believed to play a role in determining sensitivity to asparaginase treatment in several tumor types, including leukemia, lymphoma, and pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
Mice1
Hypomorphic Asns mutant mice have structural brain abnormalities, including enlarged ventricles and reduced cortical thickness, and show deficits in learning and memory mimicking aspects of the patient phenotype. (nih.gov)
Survival1
In the current study, the primary objective was to evaluate the effect of eryaspase on both progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in patients with low ASNS, with a prespecified hazard ratio (HR) below 0.85 for either endpoint. (medscape.com)
Mechanism1
However, the asparagine metabolism status and relevant mechanism in HCC were barely understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancers2
Any organochlorine, TCS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory responsiveness could result in chronic inflammation, which is associated with numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease and several types of cancers (Amin et al. (researchgate.net)
Despite the successful application in ALL and NKTCL patients, ASNase has not been proved to be effective in many other cancers, due to their reduced dependency on circulating asparagine [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression2
However, the study authors found that eryaspase was effective regardless of ASNS expression. (medscape.com)
While ASNS expression does not appear to be predictive based on these results, it does seem to be predictive based on other studies, and so its role will be further explored in future clinical studies, according to the manufacturer. (medscape.com)
Human2
The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. (bvsalud.org)
Overexpression of LIN28B has been associated with advance human malignancies and cancer stem cells (CSCs), including AML. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients2
By conducting consensus clustering and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression of HCC samples from three cohorts, we classified the HCC patients into two subtypes based on asparagine metabolism level. (biomedcentral.com)
No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. (mdpi.com)
Brain1
A rare genetic neurometabolic disorder with characteristics of severe progressive microcephaly, severe to profound global development delay, intellectual disability, seizures (typically tonic and/or myoclonic and frequently intractable), hyperekplexia and axial hypotonia with appendicular spasticity, as well as hyperreflexia, dyskinetic quadriplegia and abnormal brain morphology (cerebral atrophy with variable additional features including ventriculomegaly, pons and/or cerebellar hypoplasia, simplified gyral pattern and delayed myelination). (cdc.gov)
Types1
MicroRNA (miR)‑mediated mRNA and multiple signaling pathway dysregulations have been extensively implicated in several cancer types, including gliomas. (worldcarecouncil.org)