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MammalsClone CellsCloning, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceAmino Acid SequenceSequence Homology, Amino AcidDNA, ComplementaryPhylogenySequence Analysis, DNADNASequence AlignmentRNA, MessengerSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidEscherichia coliPlasmidsGenes, BacterialCell LinePolymerase Chain ReactionNucleic Acid HybridizationSpecies SpecificityGenesMutationChromosome MappingRecombinant ProteinsCloning, OrganismDNA, BacterialDNA Restriction EnzymesTranscription, GeneticBlotting, SouthernGene ExpressionBiological EvolutionDNA PrimersEvolution, MolecularDNA, RecombinantBlotting, NorthernPhenotypeGene Expression RegulationMultigene FamilyBacterial ProteinsRestriction MappingOpen Reading FramesMarsupialiaGenetic VariationGenomic LibraryRodentiaGenetic Complementation TestConserved SequenceChickensPromoter Regions, GeneticCattleGenetic VectorsChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidCarrier ProteinsCricetinaeTime FactorsCosmidsTissue DistributionKineticsBirdsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionTranscription FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalCells, CulturedRecombinant Fusion ProteinsMembrane ProteinsMice, Inbred C57BLOrgan SpecificityModels, BiologicalDNA, ViralExonsReptilesGenes, ViralLiverBrainPan troglodytesDogsDNA Transposable ElementsCetaceaGenotypeSwineRNAPinnipediaDNA-Binding ProteinsFossilsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTransfectionIn Situ HybridizationGenomeIntronsMice, Inbred BALB CVertebratesT-LymphocytesEpitopesShrewsProtein BiosynthesisAntibodies, MonoclonalSubstrate SpecificityDNA Probes
SomaticGenetically identicalOrganismsSpeciesSCNTEmbryonic stemEmbryoFragmentationDollyGenetic materialCommonlyReproductionRefersReproducePopulationsOvercomeParthenogenesisTerm clonePotsNaturallyBiologyMolecularAdvantagesPrinciplesTechniqueResultMainProcessProducesIdentificationVarietyPopulationBodyAnimalsSingleModernMedicalProductionCellsComment
Somatic6
  • The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
  • Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
Genetically identical6
  • It may also be part of asexual reproduction, which is a process where a single parent organism produces genetically identical offspring by itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
  • This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Amoeba reproduces solely by asexual reproduction to produce genetically identical offspring, and some animals alternate between sexual and asexual stages which result in clones being formed. (biotopics.co.uk)
Organisms4
  • Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. (asu.edu)
Species7
  • Cloning has been proposed as a means of reviving extinct species. (wikipedia.org)
  • depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
  • The term is sometimes used inaccurately to describe reproduction modes in hermaphroditic species that can reproduce by themselves because they contain reproductive organs of both sexes in a single individual's body. (alchetron.com)
  • In these species asexual reproduction occurs either in summer (aphids) or as long as conditions are favourable. (alchetron.com)
  • Many taxa with heterogony have within them species that have lost the sexual phase and are now completely asexual. (alchetron.com)
  • Many species of aphids practice both sexual and asexual reproduction. (meadowia.com)
  • Among mammals, some species of mole vole ( Ellobius ) and spiny rats ( Tokudaia ) have two X chromosomes, with sex determined in some unknown manner. (stackexchange.com)
SCNT1
  • Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
Embryonic stem1
  • Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Embryo2
  • Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
Fragmentation2
  • Earthworms are also capable of asexual reproduction through fragmentation or regeneration. (meadowia.com)
  • Asexual reproduction through fragmentation and regeneration allows earthworms to regenerate lost body parts and recover from injuries. (meadowia.com)
Dolly1
  • The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
Genetic material2
  • The offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. (alchetron.com)
  • A clone is simply a group of individuals containing exactly the same genetic material. (biotopics.co.uk)
Commonly2
  • Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
Reproduction16
  • Cloning is a natural form of reproduction that has allowed life forms to spread for hundreds of millions of years. (wikipedia.org)
  • A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
  • from the Greek παρθένος parthenos, "virgin", + γένεσις genesis, "creation") is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. (alchetron.com)
  • This is because in asexual reproduction a successful genotype can spread quickly without being modified by sex or wasting resources on male offspring who won't give birth. (alchetron.com)
  • Originally the term clone was used to cover plant material simply derived from asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction - tubers, plantlets, offsets etc. and cuttings, grafts etc. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • What is sexual and asexual reproduction? (meadowia.com)
  • Asexual and sexual reproduction are two different methods of producing young that we see across the natural world. (meadowia.com)
  • Sexual reproduction is the method that we are usually most familiar with, as it is the way in which humans reproduce. (meadowia.com)
  • Asexual reproduction has some advantages and disadvantages. (meadowia.com)
  • The main advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require a male or a female. (meadowia.com)
  • Asexual reproduction is in essence cloning. (meadowia.com)
  • This can help an individual live on until such a time when a mate becomes available, allowing a clone to carry out the sexual reproduction missing earlier on. (meadowia.com)
  • Asexual reproduction allows them to multiply quickly without the need for a male, while sexual reproduction allows them to give birth to males offspring to head off and colonise new plants. (meadowia.com)
  • However, it might be easy to mistake their ability to regenerate for asexual reproduction. (meadowia.com)
  • However, only the head end of the worm will repair itself, the tail will die, meaning this cannot count as asexual reproduction. (meadowia.com)
  • begingroup$ Too many answers explore theoretical possibilities, while parthenogenesis - form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization, which currently exist on our planet, is ignored. (stackexchange.com)
Refers3
  • Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
Reproduce1
Populations2
  • There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Real examples from human history exist, including surviving populations from shipwrecks with very small numbers of individuals. (stackexchange.com)
Overcome1
  • Although some of the practical difficulties of cloning whole mammals have been overcome, there is little likelihood of applying this cloning technique to humans. (biotopics.co.uk)
Parthenogenesis1
  • The offspring produced by apomictic parthenogenesis are full clones of their mother. (alchetron.com)
Term clone1
  • Coined by Herbert J. Webber, the term clone derives from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), twig, which is the process whereby a new plant is created from a twig. (wikipedia.org)
Pots1
  • While I have to agree with the author's concerns (we'll call him Kettle) about the use of waffling and fake science in the supposed cloning "bans" proposed by the Pots, if truth be told, there's enough concern to go around for both the Pots and the Kettles. (lifeissues.net)
Naturally1
  • As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)
Biology2
  • Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
  • Genetic and molecular analyses have led to the identification, cloning and characterization of a few genes that contribute to parasitic fitness in the pathogens. (sisef.it)
Advantages1
  • However some believe that there are a variety of advantages in being able to clone agricultural animals by splitting early embryos. (biotopics.co.uk)
Principles1
  • The principles of cloning have been applied to some more fundamental experimentation in plants and animals. (biotopics.co.uk)
Technique1
  • The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)
Result1
  • If artificial cloning and natural cloning both lead to the same result, which is the formation of a clone, that is, an organism with identical or nearly identical genes to another organism, then the plight of This creation is very different between the two creatures. (wikipedia.org)
Main1
Process2
  • Viewed in this way, identical (non-fraternal) twins are fairly commonplace examples of a natural cloning process. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • the reliability of the process could be increased, and it has transpired that cloned offspring effectively age prematurely - due to progressive deterioration of structures called telomeres at the edges of chromosomes. (biotopics.co.uk)
Produces1
  • Curiously, the 9-banded armadillo (pictured above) routinely produces 4 offspring which are a clone. (biotopics.co.uk)
Identification1
  • Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Variety1
  • In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Population1
  • You just need few surviving males mostly composed of anatomically feminine males which already exists in the human population. (stackexchange.com)
Body2
  • However, with the advent of techniques including nutritional and temperature conditioning of cells taken from the body of higher animals, it has proved possible to clone mammals, e.g. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Some animals can even create clones by losing a body part. (meadowia.com)
Animals1
  • On e of the wardens protecting these animals in Chillingham Cattle Park, Denene Crossley, states how "being isolated, they've managed to essentially purify their gene pool, to the point where they're natural clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
Single1
  • Still, I want to see those references - every single one of them - from published peer-reviewed scientific textbooks in human embryology, and in accord with the international nomenclature. (lifeissues.net)
Modern1
  • A group of behaviorally modern humans was cut off from the rest of the earth-like planet. (stackexchange.com)
Medical1
  • It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
Production1
  • Natural cloning is the production of clones without the involvement of genetic engineering techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Cells3
  • It had been thought that in mammals (including Man), the situation was somewhat different and that it was very difficult to persuade nuclei from differentiated cells to divide again, when inserted into other cells. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • In the laboratory, cells have been taken from human embryos (normally obtained via an abortion) or from foetal blood cells in umbilical cord. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • In the 1960s, however, Carrel's thesis about cell immortality was put into question by the discovery that human diploid cells can only proliferate for a finite period. (asu.edu)
Comment1
  • Comment: Ditto, Kettle - for "total cloning bans" H.R. 534 EH, H.R. 234 IH, H.R. 916 IH, and S. 245 IS. (lifeissues.net)