Articular cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since articular cartilage does not have a blood supply and chondrocytes (cells in articular cartilage) have limited mobility, the articular cartilage has very limited ability to heal itself. (wikipedia.org)
Autologous chondrocytes implantation and osteochondral autograft transplantation are limited by scarce cartilage production, low proliferative capacity of chondrocytes, chondrocyte de-differentiation and complications due to donor site morbidity 5 . (nature.com)
That joint preservation technology developed at USC is a therapeutic bio-implant, called Plurocart, composed of a scaffold membrane seeded with stem cell-derived chondrocytes-the cells responsible for producing and maintaining healthy articular cartilage tissue. (scienceblog.com)
Evseenko said molecular characterization studies showed the bio-implant mimicked natural articular cartilage, with more than 95 percent of implanted cells being identified as articular chondrocytes. (scienceblog.com)
Articular cartilage is mainly composed of chondrocytes and dense extracellular matrix (ECM) without blood vessels or innervation. (biomedcentral.com)
Strategies for IGF delivery to chondrocytes and cartilage matrix are essential for its clinical application in OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
When cartilage is damaged, MSCs derived from synovial fluid can partially move to the injured site and differentiate into chondrocytes to repair the defect, and IGF-1 induces chondrogenic differentiation [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The particular nature of hyaline articular cartilage, including the avascular nature and the low number of chondrocytes and stem cells in the surrounding cartilage lesions, results in limited potential to reconstruct osteochondral defects through a self-healing process ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Introduction: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/CCN2 is a unique growth factor that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation, but not hypertrophy, of articular chondrocytes in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
Results: In the MIA-induced OA model, quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays showed a significant increase in the level of CTGF/CCN2 mRNA, and immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that the clustered chondrocytes, in which clustering indicates an attempt to repair the damaged cartilage, produced CTGF/CCN2. (elsevierpure.com)
Currently, the only FDA-approved cell-based therapy for cartilage defects involves autologous chondrocyte implantation: chondrocytes harvested from low-contact areas are expanded in vitro and then re-injected directly into the damaged site 1 . (nature.com)
The complex composition of hyaline cartilage is maintained by chondrocytes residing in the cartilage matrix which contains 90-95% Type II collagen. (anika.com)
BIOCHIP will carry out a multicenter, prospective phase II clinical trial to treat knee cartilage injuries using engineered grafts based on autologous nasal chondrocytes (NC). (unimi.it)
As compared to typically employed articular chondrocytes, NC have a higher and more reproducible capacity to generate mature cartilage tissues. (unimi.it)
Transplantation of autologous chondrocytes has been proposed to regenerate articular cartilage but this therapy fails mainly to the absence of a material support (scaffold) for the adequate stimulation of cells. (upv.es)
Their three-dimensionality plays a critical role in articular cartilage tissue engineering to maintain chondrocyte function, since monolayer culture of chondrocytes makes them dedifferentiate towards a fibroblast-like phenotype secreting fibrocartilage. (upv.es)
Cartilage is the slippery "anatomical Teflon" secreted by specialised cells called chondrocytes. (thenakedscientists.com)
This was treated with enzymes to release the cartilage-producing chondrocytes which were then incubated in a culture vessel containing a suitable growth medium for fourteen days to increase their numbers. (thenakedscientists.com)

If left untreated, the cartilage lesions will gradually worsen and the grade of the lesion or defect will increase. (wikipedia.org)
In some patients joint degeneration starts with posttraumatic focal lesions, which are lesions in the articular (joint) cartilage ranging from 1 to 8 cm 2 in diameter," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
Moreover, to produce acceptable structural and functional repair, all three kinds of tissues involved in osteochondral lesions, including subchondral bone, the osteochondral interface and articular cartilage, need to be reconstructed simultaneously ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
BACKGROUND: During surgery for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), preservation or excision of the osteochondral fragment is chosen based on the cartilage condition which influences the indication and clinical outcomes of surgical treatments. (bvsalud.org)
Attracting precursor cells into the defect site of cartilage lesions through bone marrow stimulation has been a successful treatment option in cartilage repair. (anika.com)
The microfracture technique for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions in tthe knee. (anika.com)
Chondral lesions that do cause pain and dysfunction have the potential to progress to osteoarthritis (wearing out of the knee) in some cases. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Methods: Twenty six patients (18 men and 8 women) with focal full-thickness cartilage lesions of the knee on the medial or lateral femoral condyle, or trochlea were included in this study. (iomcworld.org)
Articular cartilage lesions that may be limited (focal defects) or generalized like in osteoarthritis (OA) constitute a key, unsolved clinical problem as a result of the inadequate ability of this tissue to self-repair. (eurekaselect.com)
Approaches based on the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide attractive tools to enhance the repair of cartilage lesions as such cells are easy to acquire, expand, and can specifically commit towards the chondrocyte phenotype. (eurekaselect.com)
This chapter aims at providing an overview of the most current and innovative strategies based on the implantation of MSCs as a means to enhance cartilage repair both in focal defects and in OA lesions in vivo. (eurekaselect.com)

Thus, IGF has great potential to promote the regeneration of articular cartilage after injur y[ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that CTGF/CCN2 may be useful in regeneration of articular cartilage. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusion: These findings suggest the utility of CTGF/CCN2 in the regeneration of articular cartilage. (elsevierpure.com)
Protein-based injectable hydrogels towards the regeneration of articular cartilage [Tesis doctoral]. (upv.es)
This combination demonstrated ability for the differentiation of MSCs towards the chondrocytic lineage and makes these materials very good candidates for the regeneration of articular cartilage. (upv.es)

citation needed] When the damage increases and the chondral defect reaches the subchondral bone, the blood supply in the bone starts a healing process in the defect. (wikipedia.org)
At 16 weeks after implantation surgery, full‑thickness osteochondral defects with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 4 mm were well‑filled with newly regenerated tissues, exhibiting the simultaneous regeneration of avascular articular cartilage and well‑vascularized subchondral bone, as proven through macroscopic and microscopic observations in PRF‑treated groups compared with that in the untreated group. (spandidos-publications.com)
The application of L‑PRF and F‑PRF for osteochondral defects in rabbits contributed to massive host remodeling and reconstruction of osteochondral tissues, thus offering a prospective bioactive scaffold for the simultaneous reconstruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
Abstract] Osteochondral defects involve both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. (udc.es)
Deeper subchondral bone stimulation yietlds better cartilage stimulation, higher collagen Type II content and less Type I. (anika.com)
Microfracture is a technique that involves creating small holes in the subchondral bone beneath the defect. (surgeonsync.com)
Self-restoration is only produced when the defect reaches the subchondral bone and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) invade the defect. (upv.es)

Shoulder and knee arthroscopy are the most common arthroscopic procedures conducted for repairing meniscus and cartilage problems and fixing rotator cuff tears respectively. (xcelorthopedics.com)
However, it is difficult to predict arthroscopic and histological findings of the cartilage on osteochondral fragments by radiographic evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
This study aimed to evaluate whether OA changes, including osteophyte and joint space narrowing, could predict arthroscopic and histological findings of the cartilage in OLT. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: OA changes, such as osteophyte formation and joint space narrowing, are associated with arthroscopic findings of the articular surface and cartilage degeneration in osteochondral fragment in OLT. (bvsalud.org)
Several arthroscopic techniques are available for repairing osteochondral defects. (surgeonsync.com)
The outcomes of arthroscopic osteochondral defect repair vary depending on several factors, including the size and location of the defect, the chosen surgical technique, and the patient's age and overall health. (surgeonsync.com)
2019) found that arthroscopic microfracture resulted in significant improvements in pain, function, and patient satisfaction in the majority of patients with small to medium-sized defects. (surgeonsync.com)
Chondroplasty: This arthroscopic approach is designed to trim away the damaged cartilage, providing symptom relief and eliminating the risk of further cartilage damage. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
The arthroscopic cartilage regeneration procedure or realignment osteotomy has been performed as a joint-conserving procedure in cases where conservative treatment for damaged articular cartilage and early osteoarthritis failed. (jameswyliemd.com)

Articular cartilage damage in the knee may be found on its own but it will more often be found in conjunction with injuries to ligaments and menisci. (wikipedia.org)
X-rays show only bone injuries and are therefore not very helpful in diagnosing cartilage damage, especially not in early stages. (wikipedia.org)
Cartilage degeneration resulting from injuries or wear-and-tear leads to osteoarthritis, which impacts millions and costs in excess of $65B per annum. (ca.gov)
Bioactive agents, including cytokines and growth factors such as stromal cell-derived factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor, VEGF, and others, were shown to promote cell recruitment and have a helpful effect on the repair of articular cartilage injuries ( 8 , 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The Angel System® is a reliable method used in patients requiring regeneration after injuries to the tendons, cartilage and muscles. (bioortopeda.pl)
Gregory Jay, MD, PhD posits that patients with acute knee injuries and resultant inflammation are at risk for early wear and damage to articular cartilage due to loss of lubricating ability. (lifespan.org)
These patients present to emergency departments and manifest an acute traumatic synovitis (TS) secondary to acute structural defects such as acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries following trauma. (lifespan.org)
Injuries to articular cartilage of the knee are becoming increasingly common and can cause significant pain and dysfunction. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Unfortunately, cartilage lacks a blood supply and exhibits poor healing potential but there are non-surgical and surgical treatment options available for these injuries. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Spontaneous healing of articular cartilage injuries is poor and untreated defects predispose to osteoarthritis. (unimi.it)
Osteochondral defects are injuries to the articular cartilage and underlying bone in a joint. (surgeonsync.com)
Injuries and certain diseases, such as dissecting osteochondritis, can lead to defects in the cartilage layer. (blimpt.com)
Cartilage injuries are diagnosed by Dr. Provencher after he performs a thorough medical review and physical examination. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Articular cartilage treatment varies for each patient depending on patient's age, patient's activity level, defect size and location and associated knee injuries. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Patients with knee injuries have been treated using cartilage grown from their own noses, Swiss doctors announced this week. (thenakedscientists.com)
With this in mind, Basel University's Ivan Martin and his colleagues recruited ten patients with cartilage injuries to their knees. (thenakedscientists.com)
It is a surgical procedure performed to replace the worn-out cartilage and is usually performed to treat small areas of cartilage damage usually caused by sports or traumatic injuries. (tomnoonanmd.com)
Joint damage can occur for a number of reasons, including sports injuries, physical use, autoimmune responses to the tissues, and a lifetime of wear and tear on articular cartilages. (lifepharm.com)

Her second research area focuses on the neuromuscular, biomechanical and functional outcomes of individuals with varying degrees of knee joint degeneration, from those with focal articular cartilage defects to end-stage knee osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty. (osu.edu)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support chondrogenic differentiation and are an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. (nature.com)
Accordingly, investigations on cellular therapies have therefore moved to progenitor cell populations such as bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into cartilage cells 4 . (nature.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MKM) have the potential to form various cell types that are part of skeletal tissues (e.g. bone, cartilage, fat). (bioortopeda.pl)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), are capable of creating various types of cells that make up skeletal tissues, such as cartilage, bone or fat. (bioortopeda.pl)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have a potential for articular cartilage regeneration. (stemcellbio.com)
Increased knee cartilage volume in degenerative joint disease using percutaneously implanted, autologous mesenchymal stem cells. (anova-irm.com)
Intra-articular injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in six patients with knee osteoarthritis. (anova-irm.com)
Adult human mesenchymal stem cells delivered via intra-articular injection to the knee following partial medial meniscectomy. (anova-irm.com)

citation needed] Articular cartilage does not usually regenerate (the process of repair by formation of the same type of tissue) after injury or disease leading to loss of tissue and formation of a defect. (wikipedia.org)
Scar tissue made up of a type of cartilage called fibrocartilage is then formed. (wikipedia.org)
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with low potential for self-repair. (nature.com)
This is the first time an orthopaedic implant composed of a living cell type was able to fully integrate in the damaged articular cartilage tissue and survive in vivo for up to six months," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
The cartilage tissue generated was also biomechanically functional-both strong enough to withstand compression and elastic enough to accommodate movement without breaking. (scienceblog.com)
No long-term solutions exist for cartilage degeneration, but cellular therapies hold promise toward replacing degenerated cartilage with healthy tissue. (ca.gov)
Toward developing a long-term solution for this vexing problem, cellular therapies hold the promise of replacing degenerated cartilage with healthy tissue. (ca.gov)
these are cartilage extracellular matrix component important in imparting mechanical function to the tissue. (ca.gov)
Thereafter, these bioactive scaffolds were implanted into osteochondral defects surgically created in rabbits to assess their effects on tissue repair using micro‑CT scanning, histological observations and the evaluation scoring method for cartilage repair established by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). (spandidos-publications.com)
Orth, P., *Eldracher, M., Cucchiarini, M., Madry, H. Small diameter subchondral drilling improves DNA and proteoglycan contents of the cartilaginous repair tissue in a large animal model of a full-thickness chondral defect Journal of Clinical Medicine , 2020, 18;9(6):E1903. (uniklinikum-saarland.de)
The treatment of cartilage tissue or bone diseases with stem cells is still being researched. (bioortopeda.pl)
Articular cartilage is an avascular, hypocellular tissue with dense collagen fibrils and a protein matrix that provides a low-friction and highly durable wear resistant surface. (anika.com)
The collagen fibrils and matrix proteins together form a unique tissue that regulates water content (75% of hyaline cartilage) lubricates, and provides tensile strength to resist mechanical wear. (anika.com)
EN] Articular cartilage is a tissue with low capacity for self-restoration due to its avascularity and low cell population. (upv.es)
However, this new formed tissue is a fibrocartilaginous type cartilage and no a hyaline cartilage, which finally leads to degeneration. (upv.es)
however, it does not have the adequate mechanical properties, does not provide the biological cues for cells and regenerated tissue is not articular cartilage but fibrocartilage. (upv.es)
Recently, injectable hydrogels have attracted attention for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage due to their ability to encapsulate cells, injectability in the injury with minimal invasive surgeries and adaptability to the shape of the defect. (upv.es)
Following this new approach we aimed at synthesizing two new families of injectable hydrogels based on the natural protein gelatin for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage. (upv.es)
Normal articular cartilage is an incredible smooth and even tissue. (blimpt.com)
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) for knee osteoarthritis. (stemcellbio.com)
Cartilage cells are harvested from the biopsy tissue, expanded in a lab and then replanted in the patient's knee during a second surgery, providing growth of new cartilage surfaces. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Nasal chondrocyte-based engineered autologous cartilage tissue for repair of articular cartilage defects: an observational. (thenakedscientists.com)
Migratory chondrogenic progenitor cells from repair tissue during the later stages of human osteoarthritis , Cell Stem Cell 4 (2009) 324-335. (anova-irm.com)
B.A. Jones, M. Pei, Synovium-Derived stem cells: a tissue-Specific stem cell for cartilage engineering and regeneration , Tissue Eng. (anova-irm.com)
Thus far, none of the pharmacological treatments and surgical options allow to reproduce the original cartilage integrity in patients, resulting instead in the formation of a fibrocartilaginous reparative tissue with poor mechanical function that is unable to withstand natural loading and stresses throughout life. (eurekaselect.com)
The articular or hyaline cartilage is the tissue lining the surface of the two bones in the knee joint. (tomnoonanmd.com)
It constitutes a fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the outer cortical surface of bone, except at joints, where bone is lined by articular cartilage. (medscape.com)

Effect of intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem and regenerative cells on clinical signs of chronic osteoarthritis of the elbow joint in dogs. (anova-irm.com)
Erosions may also be seen at the intra-articular portion of the distal end of the radius or within the carpal bones. (medscape.com)

If left untreated, they may lead to osteoarthritis. (udc.es)
Articular cartilage defects occur when cartilage of the knee becomes damaged and can eventually lead to osteoarthritis. (matthewprovenchermd.com)

This systematic review updated the current evidence on MSCs augmentation for chondral procedures in patients with symptomatic chondral defects of the knee. (springer.com)
All the clinical studies investigating surgical procedures for chondral defects of the knee augmented with MSCs were accessed. (springer.com)
Chondral defects of the knee are common. (springer.com)
Thus, this systematic review updated the current evidence on MSCs application in chondral defects of the knee. (springer.com)
Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. (anika.com)
The overall prevalence of chondral defects of the knee in athletes has been estimated to be 36% (Flanigan 2010). (cincinnatisportsmed.com)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves harvesting healthy cartilage cells from the patient, which are then cultured and expanded in the laboratory. (surgeonsync.com)
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI): ACI is a two stage procedure performed by Dr. Provencher where a biopsy of healthy cartilage is first removed from the knee. (matthewprovenchermd.com)

The cartilage surfaces of fragments were arthroscopically assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade. (bvsalud.org)

With arthroscopy, surgeons can precisely target the defect and surrounding tissues, minimizing damage to healthy cartilage and bone. (surgeonsync.com)
In this technique, healthy cartilage and bone are harvested from a non-weight-bearing area of the joint and transplanted into the defect. (surgeonsync.com)
The damaged cartilage needs to be replaced with healthy cartilage. (tomnoonanmd.com)

Building on previous research to develop and characterize the implant, the current study involved implantation of the Plurocart membrane into a pig model of osteoarthritis. (scienceblog.com)
However, most studies focused on focal cartilage defect through surgical implantation. (stemcellbio.com)

2006) found that small articular cartilage defects can progress to osteoarthritis over time if left untreated. (wikipedia.org)
Since cartilage defects have a poor intrinsic healing capacity, left untreated they can lead to: joint degeneration, chronic pain and disability. (anika.com)

The Center provided the healthcare community with some of the first clinical publications on operations for osteoarthritis, including meniscus repair, meniscus transplantation, and tibial osteotomy to restore joint function and limit or slow the need for joint replacement. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Similar to autograft transplantation, allograft transplantation involves transplanting cartilage and bone from a donor. (surgeonsync.com)

This is a condition characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, such as the patella. (blimpt.com)
Once the cartilage is torn it will not heal easily and can lead to degeneration of the articular surface, leading to the development of osteoarthritis. (tomnoonanmd.com)

The second series of materials were inspired in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage and consisted of injectable mixtures of gelatin and hyaluronic acid. (upv.es)

However, it is being investigated as a tool for monitoring cartilage degeneration, and it can be used for guided injections of joints not easily accessed without imaging. (medscape.com)
Defects of both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were included. (springer.com)
The primary function of articular cartilage is to reduce the friction between joints and make joint movement smooth, soft, and painless [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteochondral defects caused by degenerative diseases of joints, traumas and inflammation are important issues in clinical practice. (spandidos-publications.com)
Most osteoarthritis (OA) resulting from degenerative diseases of joints, traumas and inflammation will unavoidably progress to osteochondral defects ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Assuming exponential decay by incorporating viscous damping improves the prediction of the coefficient of friction in pendulum tests of whole articular joints. (lifespan.org)
This is because articular cartilage of the type found in joints has a very poor ability to self-repair. (thenakedscientists.com)
At present, treatment options for cartligage damage are very limited, ranging from trying to stimulate injured cartilage to regrow by injecting growth-factor and platelet-rich plasma, to grafting pieces of cartilage from other joints or even completely replacing a joint with a prosthesis. (thenakedscientists.com)
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joints breaks down. (medlineplus.gov)

The success of any technology aimed at repairing chondral defects will thus be based on its ability to produce tissues that most closely recapitulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of native cartilage. (nature.com)
Cartilage is a rubber-like substance and does not have as much direct blood supply or repair mechanisms as other soft tissues and organs of the body. (lifepharm.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can depict many of the same characteristics of osteoarthritis that plain radiography can, but it is not necessary in most patients with osteoarthritis, unless additional pathology amenable to surgical repair is suspected. (medscape.com)
People with previous surgical interventions face more chances of articular cartilage damage due to altered mechanics of the joint. (wikipedia.org)
Several surgical techniques have been developed in the effort to repair articular cartilage defects. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical intervention may delay or prevent wearing out of the knee in select symptomatic patients who could be at risk for developing osteoarthritis. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Articular cartilage surgeon, Dr. Matthew Provencher provides diagnosis and both surgical and nonsurgical treatment options for patients in Vail who need articular cartilage treatment. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Dr. Matthew Provencher, Vail, Aspen, Colorado Springs and Denver, Colorado orthopedic knee surgeon, usually begins articular cartilage treatment with non-surgical measures. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
If symptoms continue or worsen with conservative measures, a surgical knee cartilage repair may be performed by Dr. Provencher. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
If a large, focal defect is present or conservative measures fail to alleviate symptoms, Dr. Provencher may recommend a surgical knee cartilage repair. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
The type of surgical procedure performed depends on the size and location of the injured cartilage. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
There are several surgical techniques performed by Dr. Provencher to treat articular cartilage damage. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
What is the Recovery Following Surgical Articular Cartilage Treatment? (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Large osteochondral defects are associated with mechanical instability and are accepted indications for surgical intervention to prevent development of degenerative joint disease. (iomcworld.org)

Abstract] The unavailability of sufficient numbers of human primary cells is a major roadblock for in vitro repair of bone and/or cartilage, and for performing disease modelling experiments. (udc.es)
Abstract] The establishment of cartilage regenerative medicine is an important clinical issue, but the search for cell sources able to restore cartilage integrity proves to be challenging. (udc.es)
Abstract] The purpose of this study was to investigate cartilage repair of in vitro lesion models using human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) with different collagen (Col) scaffolds. (udc.es)

While microfracture can provide pain relief and improve joint function, the resulting fibrocartilage is not as durable as native articular cartilage. (surgeonsync.com)
This gradually leads to a covering of new fibrocartilage that replaces the damaged cartilage. (matthewprovenchermd.com)

They begin to worry that clicks in the knee joint will lead to rapid wear of the articular cartilage and degenerative damage to the knee joint. (blimpt.com)
The menisci resemble the letter "C" in shape and protect the articular surfaces of the bones that form the knee joint. (blimpt.com)
Such a damaged articular surface becomes uneven, as a result of which various mechanical sensations may appear, including clicks in the knee joint. (blimpt.com)
The articular cartilage within the knee joint helps support a healthy knee. (matthewprovenchermd.com)

However, clinical efficacy of these treatments is not conclusive, as these treatments do not consistently regenerate hyaline cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)

Osteoarthritis is typically diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence. (medscape.com)
Currently, ultrasonography has no role in the routine clinical assessment of the patient with osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
The demonstrated efficacy of our optimized PEMF regimens has clear clinical implications for future regenerative strategies for cartilage. (nature.com)
Demonstration of therapeutic efficacy of the new treatment will address a large clinical need (over 2 million cartilage defects/year worldwide), improve quality of life (reduce pain & disability in the young, delay prosthetic implants in the elderly), exploit a commercial opportunity (prospected revenues of up to 130 million €/year) and reduce healthcare costs (estimated 12,000€ healthcare savings/procedure). (unimi.it)
Moreover, in order to extend the potential use of this technique to older people or those with degenerative cartilage pathologies like osteoarthritis, a lot more fundamental and pre-clinical research work needs to be done. (thenakedscientists.com)

[ 5 , 8 ] One important characteristic of primary osteoarthritis is that the abnormalities found in the load-bearing (ie, highly stressed) areas of the affected joint differ from those found in the non-load-bearing areas. (medscape.com)
The presence of noninflammatory joint fluid helps distinguish osteoarthritis from other causes of joint pain. (medscape.com)
Yes you may experience locking if a piece of articular cartilage has broken off and is a loose body in the joint or you may experience catching or giving way. (wikipedia.org)
For the first time, researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC have used a stem cell-based bio-implant to repair cartilage and delay joint degeneration in a large animal model. (scienceblog.com)
In fact, a single injection of rCTGF/CCN2 incorporated in gelatin hydrogel (rCTGF/CCN2-hydrogel) into the joint cavity of MIA-induced OA model rats repaired their articular cartilage to the extent that it became histologically similar to normal articular cartilage. (elsevierpure.com)
The camera attached to the arthroscope shows an image of the joint on a television screen allowing the surgeon to examine the affected joint or areas such as cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and perform the repair. (xcelorthopedics.com)
We argue that inflammation results in the destruction of lubricin, accompanied by the fibrillation of cartilage and chronic symptoms which underpin the population-based observation of early OA attributable to joint injury. (lifespan.org)
Articular cartilage is a complex, highly organized structure that serves as the outer covering of bones within a joint and functions to decrease force while allowing for low-friction motion. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
It allows surgeons to visualize, diagnose, and treat various joint conditions, including osteochondral defects. (surgeonsync.com)
Mean ± SD scores for lameness (A), joint flexion (B), and joint effusion (C) in horses that had undergone experimental induction of osteoarthritis in 1 middle carpal joint and a sham operation in the other middle carpal joint, followed by oral treatment with ASU extracts (1:2 [avocado-to-soybean] ratio mixed in 6 mL of molasses) or molasses (6 mL) alone (placebo treatment) once daily from days 0 to 70. (avma.org)
But more than 2 million people, usually through injury, are diagnosed with cartilage-related joint conditions every year, and the problem is often long-lived. (thenakedscientists.com)
It can be damaged by trauma such as accidents, mechanical injury such as a fall or from degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) occurring in older people. (tomnoonanmd.com)
The symptoms of articular cartilage damage include joint pain, swelling, stiffness and a decrease in the range of motion of the knee. (tomnoonanmd.com)

Levels of acute-phase reactants are typically within the reference range in patients with osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
Articular cartilage conditions can be predicted by OA changes on plain radiographs, which is useful for choosing the appropriate treatment for patients with OLT. (bvsalud.org)
Since the late 1980s, microfracture/drilling has been developed into the procedure of choice due to its low-cost nature, relative low morbidity, and encouraging results as first line treatment for small cartilage defects, especially in young and active patients 2,3,4 . (anika.com)
Patients with symptomatic chondral defects typically present with knee pain and swelling. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
Chondroplasty is typically performed in patients who do not present full thickness defects, or defects down to the bone. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Patients will be prescribed a strict physical therapy rehabilitation program after a knee cartilage repair procedure. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
A team of plastic surgeons retrieved from each of the patients a small biopsy of cartilage measuring just a few millimetres across from the nasal septum. (thenakedscientists.com)

The second objective of this study is to identify factors, early after ACL reconstruction, which may predispose individuals to articular cartilage degeneration and the early development of knee osteoarthritis. (osu.edu)

Cucchiarini, M., Madry, H. Biomaterial-guided delivery of gene vectors for targeted articular cartilage repair. (uniklinikum-saarland.de)

Next, to examine the effect of rCTGF/CCN2 on the repair of articular cartilage, we created defects (2 mm in diameter) on the surface of articular cartilage in situ and implanted rCTGF/CCN2-hydrogel or PBS-hydrogel therein with collagen sponge. (elsevierpure.com)
In the group implanted with rCTGF/CCN2-hydrogel collagen, new cartilage filled the defect 4 weeks postoperatively. (elsevierpure.com)

Kreuz PC, Steinwachs MR, Erggelet C, Krause SJ, Konrad G, Uhl M, Südkamp N. Results after microfracture of full-thickness chondral defects in different compartments in the knee. (anika.com)
Microfracture: Microfracture requires Dr. Provencher to create tiny holes in the bony surface of the defect. (matthewprovenchermd.com)

Our findings confirm the safety and feasibility of cartilage grafts engineered from nasal cells to repair damaged knee cartilage. (thenakedscientists.com)

Fresh osteochondral allografting is an alternative procedure to replace diseased articular cartilage. (wheelessonline.com)
This procedure is suitable for smaller defects and can provide long-lasting pain relief and functional improvement. (surgeonsync.com)
In an autograft OATs procedure, small plugs of cartilage and bone are removed from the healthy portion of a patient's knee and transferred to the damaged area. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
In an allograft OATs procedure, the cartilage and bone plugs are harvested from a donor and transplanted to the damaged area. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
The procedure is known as cartilage replacement. (tomnoonanmd.com)

This Development Candidate Feasibility Award is a first step toward the overall goal of developing a cell-based cartilage repair therapy using stem cells derived from the skin. (ca.gov)

It tends to be diagnosed only after other structures have been ruled out - well if it isn't your meniscus or ligaments, what else could it be, perhaps we should look at the articular cartilage? (wikipedia.org)

Effects of an articular cartilage lubrication with a viscosupplement in vitro and in vivo following osteochondral fractures in horses. (ucsd.edu)
These studies have demonstrated that mechanical forces are able to shape the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate when appropriately applied in in vitro models of cartilage regeneration. (nature.com)

Treatment of osteoarthritis and muscle and tendon diseases with stem cells is a method with which very high hopes have been associated for several years. (bioortopeda.pl)

MSC exosome as a cell-free MSC therapy for cartilage regeneration: Implications for osteoarthritis treatment. (anova-irm.com)

The diagnoses were posttraumatic arthritis in seven ankles, osteoarthritis in two, and an osteochondral defect in two. (wheelessonline.com)
In this article, we will explore the role of arthroscopy in osteochondral defect repair, discussing its benefits, techniques, outcomes, and future directions. (surgeonsync.com)

Arthroscopy allows surgeons to directly visualize the defect and assess its size, location, and severity. (surgeonsync.com)

Following injury or degeneration, the avascular nature and relative low cell count of articular cartilage prevent a repair response that restores the normal architecture of cartilage. (anika.com)

[ 70 ] No single biomarker has proved reliable for diagnosis and monitoring, but combinations of cartilage-derived and bone-derived biomarkers have been used to identify osteoarthritis subtypes, with possible impact on treatment. (medscape.com)
It's a last resort treatment for pain and mobility issues associated with osteoarthritis, a progressive disease caused by degeneration of the protective layer of cartilage that stops our bones grinding together when we sit, stand, write, or move around. (scienceblog.com)
Articular cartilage repair is a critical issue in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Optimization of IGF delivery systems will facilitate treatment application in cartilage repair and improve OA treatment efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth factors and their signaling pathways have recently attracted much attention in cartilage repair for OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Effective treatment of cartilage defects represents a challenging problem, mainly due to the tissue's limited intrinsic self-repair capacity. (nature.com)
The potential use of MSC in the treatment of bone or cartilage disorders is still subject to scientific research. (bioortopeda.pl)
For the treatment of generalized cartilage loss in osteoarthritis, an alternative delivery strategy would be more appropriate. (stemcellbio.com)
What are the Treatment Options for Articular Cartilage Damage? (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Are you a candidate for articular cartilage treatment? (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Purpose: The purpose of this study to evaluate the effect of drilling on treatment of knee osteochondral defects among 2-3 cm². (iomcworld.org)
Treatment of a full-thickness articular cartilage defect in the femoral condyle of an athlete with autologous bone-marrow stromal cells. (anova-irm.com)
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy-a review. (anova-irm.com)

Besides the cell source choice, also mechanical stimuli are crucial in the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. (nature.com)
These approaches include scaffold-free and scaffold-guided procedures as well as gene-based strategies to stimulate the cell chondrogenic activities as a means to restore the natural structure and mechanical integrity in sites of cartilage damage. (eurekaselect.com)

The tiny holes allow marrow and stem cells to seep out which form a clot over the defect. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
Injectable mesenchymal stem cell therapy for large cartilage defects-a porcine model. (anova-irm.com)
Articular cartilage regeneration with autologous peripheral blood stem cells versus hyaluronic acid: a randomized controlled trial. (anova-irm.com)

An ex vivo study showed that IGF-1 in fetal bovine serum was responsible for maintaining articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Materials and Methods: The effects of recombinant CTGF/CCN2 (rCTGF/CCN2) on repair of damaged cartilage were evaluated by using both the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced experimental rat osteoarthritis (OA) model and full-thickness defects of rat articular cartilage in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)

It is also important to remember that although the amount of damage is an important factor, the location of the defect(s) can also influence the symptoms you are getting in terms of pain and function and their repair options available. (wikipedia.org)
These conservative strategies can alleviate pain symptoms, but they cannot terminate the progression of cartilage deterioration and repair cartilage defects. (biomedcentral.com)

Current therapies, including innovative autologous cell-based treatments, cannot predictably and reproducibly restore cartilage structure and function. (unimi.it)

One person can have severe pain with a single small defect while another person can have very little pain with several large full thickness defects. (wikipedia.org)
CTGF/CCN2, a hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product, possessed the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage in two animal models, which were experimental osteoarthritis and full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. (elsevierpure.com)

The elbow is not commonly affected in osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
Small defects are commonly treated with conservative measures, such as rest, modified activities, medications and a physical therapy program. (matthewprovenchermd.com)
It is commonly used by mouth with glucosamine or other ingredients for osteoarthritis. (medlineplus.gov)

But what if doctors could intervene and repair damaged cartilage before surgery is needed? (scienceblog.com)

The choice of technique depends on various factors, including the size and location of the defect, the patient's age and activity level, and the surgeon's expertise. (surgeonsync.com)

Anatomy46

Organisms6

Diseases28

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Chondrocytes18

Lesions11

Regeneration of articular cartilage5

Subchondral bone7

Arthroscopic9

Injuries18

Focal articular cartilage defects1

Mesenchymal stem8

Tissue27

Intra-articular2

Lead to osteoarthritis2

Chondral defects of the knee6

Chondrocyte implantation2

International Cartilage Repair Society1

Healthy cartilage3

Implantation2

Left untreated2

Transplantation2

Degeneration of the articular2

Extracellular matrix1

Joints9

Tissues2

Surgical12

Abstract3

Fibrocartilage2

Knee joint4

Regenerate1

Clinical5

Joint13

Patients7

Predispose1

Delivery of gene vectors1

Collagen2

Microfracture2

Grafts1

Procedure5

Cell-based cartilage1

Meniscus1

Vitro2

Tendon1

Therapy for cartilage1

Osteochondral defect2

Directly visualize1

Avascular nature1

Treatment13

Mechanical2

Stem3

Vivo2

Symptoms2

Restore cartilage1

Thickness defects2

Commonly3

Repair damaged1

Patient's age1