• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological studies in rat focal ischemia models using transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion indicate that reperfusion after an ischemic episode of 2- to 3-hour duration does not result in reduction of the size of the infarct. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this study is to establish and validate an animal model for research in the recovery and sequela stages of brain ischemia by testing brain infarction and sensorimotor function after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) after 1-90 days in rats. (jove.com)
  • Loosen the loose knot of the internal carotid artery and continue inserting the thread bolt to the beginning of the middle cerebral artery marked with the suture and cut off the exposed thread bolt. (jove.com)
  • Experimental stroke (transient focal cerebral ischemia) was induced by a 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with the use of a suture inserting into the lumen of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in male Wistar rats. (banglajol.info)
  • Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The model used in this study was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cerebral ischaemia is caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, which leads to some brain tissue damage, accompanied by inflammation and immune response [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • rat model by middle cerebral artery occlusion. (archive.org)
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injured rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). EA treatment at the DU 20 and DU 24 acupoints treatment were conducted to rats from the 12 h after MCAO/R injury for consecutive 7 days. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to make the CIRI model in rats and monitored region cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to ensure that blood flow was blocked and recanalized. (sciencegate.app)
  • Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals, and middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to make cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. (molecularhydrogenstudies.com)
  • Female rats with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) females treated with 17β-estradiol, progesterone, or placebo were subjected to transient, unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (I/R). The maximum contractile response, measured my wire myography, in response to the endothelin B receptor agonist sarafotoxin 6c was increased in female arteries after I/R, but the maximum response was significantly lower in arteries from OVX females. (lu.se)
  • Under controlled conditions of normoxia, normocarbia, and normothermia, halothane-anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion by the intraluminal occlusion technique. (utmb.edu)
  • This accounts for 60-97% of renal arterial lesions, which could lead to the occlusion of the renal artery and ischemic atrophy of the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
  • A rat GCIRI model was established by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and cervical vena retransfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The scientists then induced a brief occlusion of the carotid artery, the main vessel carrying blood to the brain. (life-enhancement.com)
  • The behavioral performance of both the niacin-treated and control rats was found to be impaired following occlusion-reperfusion, but the niacin-treated rats were far less impaired. (life-enhancement.com)
  • Occlusion of a cerebral artery impairs blood flow leading to neuronal death. (edu.au)
  • All pets underwent coronary artery occlusion for 45?min accompanied by 2?hours of reperfusion. (technuc.com)
  • Medical procedure of I/R damage in rat center Rats underwent myocardial ischemia with the short-term occlusion from the LAD near its origins to stimulate I/R damage as previously referred to [38]. (technuc.com)
  • Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-280 g and aged 7 weeks were housed individually in an animal resources facility in a room at a controlled temperature (20-22.8°C) and under a 12 h light/dark cycle. (hindawi.com)
  • Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by perfusion restoration for establishing a simulated renal IRI model. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 200-250 g were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center of Nanchang University (Nanchang, Jiangxi, China). (frontiersin.org)
  • A total of 40 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: The sham group, the I/R group, the I/R+GRh2 (10 mg/kg) group and the I/R+GRh2 (20 mg/kg) group. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atorvastatin on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C) in Sprague-Dawley rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The rat model of cerebral artery ischemia was established by the suture-occluded method with ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 72 h. (geneticsmr.com)
  • 2. Zhang X, Zhang B-Z, Yang X-P, Zhang W-W. Protective effects of nicotinic acid on disturbance of memory retrial induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. (life-enhancement.com)
  • MCAO induced inflammatory injury, involving the ipsilateral cortex and basal ganglia with massive infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and microvascular proliferation, was exhibited in all normothermic rats. (banglajol.info)
  • However, hypothermic MCAO rats showed minimal inflammatory response. (banglajol.info)
  • The present study provides experimental evidence for the beneficial role of mild hypothermia using reversible MCAO in rats. (banglajol.info)
  • Various concentrations of SUF, especially 5, 10 and 25 μg/kg of SUF, all alleviated the infarct size, neurological function and brain edema of MCAO rats. (sciencegate.app)
  • SUF pretreatment also effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in MCAO rats, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (sciencegate.app)
  • SUF also inhibited caspase3 and Bax rats and promoted Bcl2 in MCAO rats, thus inhibiting cell apoptosis. (sciencegate.app)
  • SUF pretreatment effectively improved the neurological function and cerebral infarction of MCAO rats, inhibited excessive inflammation in rats, protected the BBB, and inhibited cell apoptosis in brain tissue. (sciencegate.app)
  • Wistar rats (n = 24, 400-450 g) were divided into three groups: (1) a sham (S)-operated group (n = 7) that underwent laparotomy and isolation (without clamping) of the superior mesenteric artery, (2) an ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) group (n = 7) that had clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by 15 min reperfusion, and (3) a control (C) group (n = 10) that underwent no surgery. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Methods and results: Wistar rats underwent ischaemia/reperfusion injury by ligation of the coronary artery followed by injection of adenovirus vectors for D1NLS and CDK4 with or without Skp2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its anti-apoptotic role, as well as the mechanism by which it regulates Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signal. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to construct the model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can obviously relieve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats probably by activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was subsequently treated with GRh2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were also used to evaluate the protective effect of GRh2 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‑induced myocardial injury in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Heusch G: Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in perspective. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Meng X, Zhang L, Han B and Zhang Z: PHLDA3 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Akt/Nrf2 axis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Abouzaki NA, Christopher S, Trankle C, Van Tassell BW, Carbone S, Mauro AG, Buckley L, Toldo S and Abbate A: Inhibiting the inflammatory injury after myocardial ischemia reperfusion with plasma-derived Alpha-1 Antitrypsin: A post hoc analysis of the VCU-α1RT study. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The effect of moderate whole body hypothermia (300 C) on transient focal cerebral ischemia induced inflammatory injury was investigated. (banglajol.info)
  • Our results indicate that moderate hypothermia has a significant protective effect on the inflammatory injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia. (banglajol.info)
  • Pre-stroke surgery is not beneficial to normotensive rats undergoing sixty minutes of transient focal cerebral ischemia PLOS ONE. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we observed the effects of propofol on multiple aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction by studying the mitochondria isolated from rat brains subjected to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. (nih.gov)
  • Propofol improved the signs of injury in the cortical mitochondria that were exposed to reperfusion following 2 h of focal ischemia. (nih.gov)
  • The IV administration of the potent σ 1 -receptor ligand 4-phenyl-1-(4- phenylbutyl)piperidine (PPBP) provides neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia. (utmb.edu)
  • We tested the hypothesis that prolonged, continuous administration of PPBP would provide further neuroprotection in a rat model of transient focal ischemia and reperfusion. (utmb.edu)
  • These data demonstrate that the σ 1 -receptor ligand PPBP attenuates ischemic injury when administration is initiated 60 min after the onset of focal ischemia but that prolonged continuous treatment with PPBP beyond 24 h provides no neuroprotection. (utmb.edu)
  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an acute episode of temporary neurologic dysfunction that results from focal cerebral, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia and is not associated with acute tissue infarction. (medscape.com)
  • Celastrol is a bioactive compound that has been found to exhibit neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, while whether it can protect against cerebral I/R injury by regulating glycolysis remains unclear. (sciencegate.app)
  • Water electrolysis-derived hydrogen inhalation had neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats with the effect of suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, and it is a possible new hydrogen resource to electrolyze water at the bedside clinically. (molecularhydrogenstudies.com)
  • This shows that the Fas-pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of the apoptosis of tubule cells during the early ischemic-reperfusion period. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, DAXX mediates both Fas-dependent and TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and renal induction of TGF-beta is well documented in renal ischemia studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggested that MQ exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia by blocking apoptosis via the p-JNK/Bax pathway. (archive.org)
  • Our results revealed that iPSC-derived RPCs can protect AKI rat from renal function impairment and severe tubular injury by up-regulating the renal tubules formation, promoting cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, and regulating the microenvironment in the injured kidney. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reperfusion of the tissue is associated with inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species, necrosis and apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • TTC, Nissl, and TUNEL staining showed the significant improvement of infarction volume, neuron morphology, and neuron apoptosis in rat with hydrogen treatment. (molecularhydrogenstudies.com)
  • Additionally, NADPH-oxidase activity is temporarily enhanced after cerebral ischemia within arteries from non-ischemic parts of the brain. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, we speculate that purinergic receptors might play dualistic roles in response to EA effects treating inflammatory injury induced by ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate whether histamine and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) contribute to mucosal repair in small intestine subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 15 min followed by reperfusion. (jci.org)
  • We tested the hypothesis that 8-Br is also protective under clinically relevant conditions (regional ischaemia) when applied either before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion, and this effect is associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). (mdpi.com)
  • Propofol has been shown to attenuate brain injury in experimental ischemia models, but few studies have focused on the direct effect of propofol on mitochondrial dysfunction. (nih.gov)
  • It did not affect the reperfusion-induced reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. (nih.gov)
  • However, it decreased the production of the mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, which are generated during reperfusion. (nih.gov)
  • However, harmful stimuli (such as ischemia-reperfusion, oxidative stress, and toxic chemicals) can change the direction and efficiency of intercellular mitochondrial transfer. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we found that local BoTA preconditioning yielded significant protection against IR injury in a rat musculocutaneous flap model. (hindawi.com)
  • Rats were randomly assigned into sham, model, experimental and control groups. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pioglitazone hydrochloride-mediated amelioration of renal IRI with respect to the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and inflammatory response using a rat model. (frontiersin.org)
  • The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely studied animal model of essential hypertension. (jci.org)
  • This study uses an established animal model to research the recovery and the sequelae stages of brain ischemia. (jove.com)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intestinal-ischaemia reperfusion and plasma amylin in an experimental model. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Laser Doppler measurement instrument was used to detect blood flow changes in the rat model. (archive.org)
  • We then established the rat ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) model and transplanted the iPSC-derived RPCs into the injured rats in combination with the hydrogel. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sufentanil (SUF) on CIRI model rats. (sciencegate.app)
  • In rat model of I/R injury, pretreatment of pre-miR-30c or 3-MA (an inhibitor for autophagy) can abrogated spinal cord protective effect of H2S. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To create an experimental model of associated comorbidities, for healing and regeneration studies, protocols for induction of nephropathy by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and induction of DM by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were associated. (scielo.br)
  • Open up in another window Body 2 Ischemia/reperfusion model and persistent treatment time training course in type 1 diabetic rats. (technuc.com)
  • In stroke, the ischemic crisis activates a series of events, including the inflammatory reactions that are potentiated by reperfusion, eventually leading to neuronal damage. (banglajol.info)
  • Control rats were injected with saline (n = 9). (gla.ac.uk)
  • At 24 h after stroke, NADPH-stimulated superoxide production by arteries from the infarcted core did not differ from levels generated by arteries from control rats, whereas levels were significantly lower 72 h after stroke. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, at both time points after stroke, superoxide production by arteries from the ischemic penumbra was 8-fold greater than levels generated by arteries from control rats. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs when circulation is abruptly restored following prolonged ischemia and it is well-known that high levels of calcium and tissue neutrophil accumulation cause cellular damage and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion and trigger IR injury [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The microvascular and parenchymal organ damage induced upon ischemia tissue reperfusion is mainly attributed to the reactive oxygen-free radicals, and it has been demonstrated in many organs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species play a role in neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Bauersachs R, Zeymer U, Brière JB, Marre C, Bowrin K and Huelsebeck M: Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: A literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Epicardial fat tissue: a new tool for identification of coronary artery disease patients? (escardio.org)
  • Use the micro forceps to isolate the common carotid artery, the external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. (jove.com)
  • Working under the microscope, use 8-0 sutures to ligate the common carotid artery with hard knot, external carotid artery far from the heart end with hard knot, internal carotid artery with loose knot and then to line the external carotid artery near the heart end. (jove.com)
  • Physical stress such as infarction, surgery and transplant may produce kidney ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, immediate recanalization of the occluded artery, using systemic or local thrombolysis, is optimal for restoring the blood flow and rescuing the ischemic brain from complete infarction. (nih.gov)
  • 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining assay was used to measure cerebral infarction areas in rats. (archive.org)
  • The infarction volume was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining on Day 4 after ischemia in all rats. (utmb.edu)
  • Cortical infarction volumes in 2-, 3-, and 4-day PPBP- treated rats were not different compared with 1- and 4-day saline-treated controls. (utmb.edu)
  • Another new study from China suggests that nicotinic acid protects memory function caused by the disruption of oxygen (cerebral ischemia) and the restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) into the brains of rats following disruption. (life-enhancement.com)
  • Our previous studies have demonstrated that EA protects cerebral neural cells against inflammatory injury after cerebral ischemia, which appears at 24 h to 14 days after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine with curcumin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. (livedna.net)
  • Hydroalcoholic extract of Zizyphus jujuba ameliorates seizures, oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. (livedna.net)
  • Compared to the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion group, the protein and mRNA expressions of p-JNK, Bax, cleaved Caspase3 was decreased significantly. (archive.org)
  • Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is considered as a major cause of acute kidney injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion and hyperamylinaemia are both associated with severe acute pancreatitis. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Compared to I/R injury groups, H 2 S pretreatment had reduced spinal cord infarct zone, improved hind motor function in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Miller, A. A. , Dusting, G. J. , Roulston, C. L. and Sobey, C. G. (2006) NADPH-oxidase activity is elevated in penumbral and non-ischemic cerebral arteries following stroke. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Surprisingly, even in the non-ischemic arteries from the contralateral hemisphere and in the basilar artery, superoxide production was increased ∼ 4- to 6-fold at 24 h, but had returned to normal 72 h after stroke. (gla.ac.uk)
  • According to the theory of TCM, cerebral ischaemia, which is also called stroke, can be induced by hyperactivity of liver Yang, disordered diet, stagnation of blood, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) caused by ischemic stroke seriously affects the prognosis of stroke patients. (sciencegate.app)
  • A deleterious consequence of cerebral ischemia is upregulation of vasoconstrictor receptors in cerebral arteries that exacerbate stroke injury. (lu.se)
  • Genetic isolation of a region of chromosome 8 that exerts major effects on blood pressure and cardiac mass in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (jci.org)
  • Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) occurs in patients who are successfully resuscitated from various clinical conditions such as cardiac arrest, asphyxia and shock, which are frequently accompanied by inflammation and can lead to serious neuronal injury, and further to neurodegeneration and learning and memory impairment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transient forebrain ischemia leads to delayed death of the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. (nih.gov)
  • Immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaM kinase II) and protein phosphatase (calcineurin) after transient forebrain ischemia demonstrated that the activity of CaM kinase II was decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus early (6-12 hours) after ischemia. (nih.gov)
  • In rat renal tissue, pioglitazone treatment decreased the serum levels of post-renal IRI creatinine and urea nitrogen, as well as necrosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been implicated as important mediators of injury following cerebral ischemia [ 13 ] and contribute to pathogenesis, exacerbating brain tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used ELISA and RT-PCR to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in rat serum and brain tissue. (sciencegate.app)
  • Twenty-two hours after re-perfusion the rats were assessed for neurobehavioral deficit, infarct volume, histological changes, and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl-2 and NF-?B levels in brain tissue. (edu.au)
  • In studies of mice models, clamping of the kidney may result in kidney ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In studies of mice models, a high-fat diet can induce greater injury to the kidney with renal ischemia-reperfusion as compared to mice with normal diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sixty minutes after the onset of ischemia, rats were randomly assigned to six treatment groups to receive a continuous IV infusion of PPBP (1 μmol · kg -1 · h -1 ) for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days or saline for 1 or 4 days. (utmb.edu)
  • CAPE considerably decreased fasting blood sugar, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and triglyceride amounts and protected the mind against oxidative tension and irritation in diabetic rats [11,12]. (technuc.com)
  • and, STZ-diabetic rats implemented CAPA (1?mg/kg/time) for 4?weeks (Body?2, -panel 2). (technuc.com)
  • RAGE and its ligand, S100b, were discovered about islet tissues within 28-week-old diabetic OLETF rats. (mdmsignaling.com)
  • Rats were divided into six groups: a sham-operation control group and 5 IR groups that were pre-treated with either isosteviol 5 mg竧-1, 10 mg竧-1, 20 mg竧-1, nimodipine 5 mg竧-1, or saline. (edu.au)
  • Thirty-four male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal group and the sham-operation group without any treatment, the I/R group with only intragastric administration of normal saline, and the intervention group, which received intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg atorvastatin at different times. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora in rats decreased after cerebral ischaemia - reperfusion injury (CIRI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • CIRI may lead to intestinal flora disorder in rats, and after the administration of RAGs, the abundance of intestinal flora can be improved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal histology was consistent with an ischaemia-reperfusion injury, whereas pancreatic histology was normal. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The unique finding that plasma amylin concentration is increased with intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury warrants further investigation. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The development of effective neuroprotection methods and the establishment of reliable imaging modalities for an early and accurate diagnosis of the extent and degree of the ischemia are imperative. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, pioglitazone ameliorates renal IRI by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory response in rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is well-documented that extracellular ATP triggers surrounding glial purinergic receptors signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines release to aggravate neural injury in cerebral ischemia [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, whether GRh2 has a protective effect on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the myocardium has yet to be elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Rosiglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, plays a protective role in hippocampal neuron damage of GCIRI rats by inhibiting the oxidative stress response and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isosteviol has been demonstrated to have protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the rat heart and the current study was undertaken to determine whether it is also effective in preventing IR injury in the brain. (edu.au)
  • The present study was undertaken to study the effects of exogenous H2S on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of spinal cord and the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord is a dynamic process that frequently occurs during a variety of clinical situations such as thoracoabdominal aortic surgery or spinal cord injury [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)