• The most common cause of viral abortion in mares is equine rhinopneumonitis, which is caused by equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Equine herpesvirus ( EHV-1 abortion virus) is most often associated with abortions in mares, while herpesvirus EHV-4 ( rhinopneumonitis virus ) is usually associated with respiratory disease in young horses. (ontario.ca)
  • 9. Equine rhinopneumonitis. (advocatekhoj.com)
  • It remains to be determined whether SLC-processed sperm samples from stallions shedding low virus titres retain sufficient equine arteritis virus to cause infection in mares through artificial insemination. (uky.edu)
  • Consistent with quantitative RT-PCR, Sendai virus- (SeV-) induced type I IFN production was inhibited by EAV infection. (uky.edu)
  • Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (or Hendra Virus Infection) Equine morbillivirus pneumonia is a frequently fatal viral respiratory infection of horses caused by Hendra virus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Disease due to Hendra virus infection has only been reported in horses and. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Hendra Virus Infection in Horses Hendra virus (HeV), a zoonotic virus first identified in Australia in 1994, is a henipavirus within the subfamily Paramyxoviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Yago K , Hagiwara S , Kawamura H , Narita M . A fatal case in newborn piglets with Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Izumida A , Takuma H , Inagaki S , Kubota M , Hirahara T , Kodama K , Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine. (cdc.gov)
  • Getah virus infection of Indian horses. (cdc.gov)
  • Kamada M , Ando Y , Fukunaga Y , Kumanomido T , Imagawa H , Wada R , Equine Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • Imagawa H , Ando Y , Kamada M , Sugiura T , Kumanomido T , Fukunaga Y , Sero-epizootiological survey on Getah virus infection in light horses in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • Carossino's main research interest was identifying host genetic factors associated with persistent equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion's reproductive tract. (thehorse.com)
  • His main research included a USDA-funded project to identify host genetic factors associated with persistent equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion's reproductive tract. (thehorse.com)
  • The herpes family of viruses has the capacity to persist in the body of its host in a dormant state as an inapparent carrier after the primary infection. (ontario.ca)
  • In some cases, the foal will be born alive at term and will die shortly after birth due to infection by the virus. (ontario.ca)
  • However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
  • Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
  • While the virus is known to infect many breeds of horses, the rate of infection varies widely, usually being highest in Standardbreds and Warmbloods. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Infected stallions can become carriers and readily spread the infection due to the fact that the virus is continually shed in the semen. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • tetanus ( Clostridium tetani ), hog cholera (hog-cholera virus), and hospital wound infection ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infection is caused by the equine arteritis virus. (alpineequine.net)
  • Contagious equine metritis is a very contagious, but uncommon, sexually transmitted infection in horses. (alpineequine.net)
  • However, since the vaccine can cause horses to test positive for the virus and it is impossible to determine if the horse is positive from vaccine or infection, all horses should be tested before being vaccinated. (vin.com)
  • Even countries presently free of PRRSV are at high risk for infection and spread of this virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies that neutralize the influenza virus, preventing infection or reducing the severity of symptoms if infection occurs. (favanimals.net)
  • Rabid animals can transmit the virus through bites or scratches, leading to a fatal infection. (favanimals.net)
  • The vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies that effectively neutralize the virus, reducing the risk of infection and the development of severe symptoms. (favanimals.net)
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningitis is associated with primary genital HSV infection and HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure to rodents suggests infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) virus and Leptospira infection. (medscape.com)
  • Mariano Carossino, DVM, PhD, decided to come to UK after meeting former Gluck Center professor of virology Udeni Balasuriya, BVSc, MS, PhD, at the International Equine Infectious Diseases Conference in 2012 and learning about his equine viral arteritis research. (thehorse.com)
  • The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
  • In the southeastern United States, where mosquito pressure is present year-round, boosters for arboviral diseases (viruses spread by insects) may be administered more frequently. (ufl.edu)
  • Equine viral arteritis (EVA) and Equine infectious anemia (EIA) are OIE-listed diseases. (huji.ac.il)
  • Here are some of the equine diseases for which approved vaccines are available. (allisonvilleanimalhospital.com)
  • Equine viral arteritis produces symptoms that are similar to other diseases. (alpineequine.net)
  • Infectious diseases like leptospirosis and herpes virus have a significant role in early abortion in mares. (teamequinety.com)
  • In this article, we will explore the core vaccines necessary for equines and delve into the understanding of some common equine infectious diseases. (favanimals.net)
  • On 1 July 2008, European Commission officially designated the French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA) as the European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for equine diseases (excluding African horse sickness). (anses.fr)
  • Equine arteritis virus ( EAV ) has the potential to cause abortion as well as the more commonly observed contagious respiratory disease and semen-shedding state in infected carrier stallions. (ontario.ca)
  • Equine viral arteritis is a contagious, viral disease that affects members of the horse family. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Contagious equine metritis is caused by a bacterium called Taylorella equigenitalis . (alpineequine.net)
  • Equine viral arteritis, or EVA, is a contagious disease of horses caused by a virus. (vin.com)
  • Equine influenza is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory system of horses. (favanimals.net)
  • Nemoto M , Yamanaka T , Bannai H , Tsujimura K , Kondo T , Matsumura T . Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H3N8 equine influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The paper presents the findings of specific antibodies in the blood sera of donkeys against the following viruses: equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine influenza virus subtype H3N8 (EIV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV). (bvsalud.org)
  • The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends that all horses be vaccinated for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
  • Vaccination is recommended for all horses for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
  • Serologic screening for exposure to known ungulate viruses including equine herpes, equine arteritis, equine infectious anemia, equine encephalomyelitis, blue tongue, epizootic hemorrhagic fever of deer and the vesicular viruses have been negative or considered noncontributory. (vin.com)
  • 4. Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern). (advocatekhoj.com)
  • 5. Equine encephalomyelitis (Western). (advocatekhoj.com)
  • Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (bionity.com)
  • Our analyses highlight the importance of careful selection and application of phylodynamic approaches to DNA viruses, as well as the importance of whole genome sampling in endemic and outbreak areas to improve our understanding of the evolution, epidemiology, and transmission dynamics of DNA viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • As an enveloped virus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, NDV encodes the six structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase protein (L) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protozoan parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi , transmitted by ticks, cause equine piroplasmosis, the most prevalent tick-borne disease in equids. (cabi.org)
  • 8. Equine piroplasmosis. (advocatekhoj.com)
  • Rapid, single-step differentiation of equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 from clinical material using the polymerase chain reaction and virus-specific primers. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination for influenza and equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) is recommended in most cases, especially in performance horses and horses exposed to transient or young equine populations. (ufl.edu)
  • Considering that equine herpesviruses, influenza viruses, and equine arteritis virus are lipid-enveloped, cleaning surfaces with detergent will disrupt this envelope, helping to render these viruses inactive. (thehorse.com)
  • The rabies vaccine stimulates the horse's immune system to produce antibodies that neutralize the virus, providing effective protection against this fatal disease. (favanimals.net)
  • West Nile virus, rabies, tetanus, and eastern/western equine encephalitis should all be vaccinated in every horse. (chastainequine.com)
  • Equine endothelial cells (EECs) were infected with the virulent Bucyrus strain (VBS) of EAV and expression of IFN-β was measured at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and IFN bioassay using vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the green fluorescence protein (VSV-GFP), respectively. (uky.edu)
  • The disease resembled some of the clinical aspects of equine purpura hemorrhagica (EPH), 3 however, an immune-complex component as occurs in EPH has not been identified in IVHS, and vascular proliferation does not occur in the equine disease. (vin.com)
  • AHS can be confused with encephalosis, equine infectious anemia, equine morbilivirus pneumonia, equine viral arteritis, babesiosis and purpura hemorrhagica so laboratory confirmation is essential. (vetacademy.org)
  • Therefore, a mechanism for separating virus from spermatozoa in the semen of carrier stallions would facilitate control measures for preventing disease transmission. (uky.edu)
  • An EVA-seronegative mare scheduled to be bred to an EVA-positive stallion that is shedding the arteritis virus in the semen should be vaccinated before breeding. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • However, outbreaks of the virus are uncommon and are usually associated with the movement of horses or shipment of semen. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Transmission commonly occurs through direct contact with horses spreading the virus in their respiratory tract, but venereal transmission is a major concern on breeding farms as the virus can even be spread through chilled or frozen semen. (vin.com)
  • United Kingdom: Equip Artervac (vaccine) Supply - Further Delay On 10th July 2023 Zoetis updated EIDS that the anticipated resupply of a new batch of Equip Artervac equine arteritis virus (EAV) vaccine, which had been due by the end of September 2023, had regrettably been delayed until December 2023. (equine-reproduction.com)
  • Tajima S , Kotaki A , Yagasaki K , Taniwaki T , Moi ML , Nakayama E , Identification and amplification of Japanese encephalitis virus and Getah virus propagated from a single porcine serum sample: a case of coinfection. (cdc.gov)
  • The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces one of most important devastating disease of swine worldwide, and the current methods poorly control it. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The type 2 highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) has spread throughout countries of southeast Asia, where it has caused severe economic losses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most abortions due to this virus occur between 8 and 11 months of gestation, although they may occur as early as 5 months. (ontario.ca)
  • The disease, called equine morbillivirus pneumonia, develops in horses that are infected by direct contact with the virus particles in urine, saliva, and respiratory secretions. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Occasionally, this virus can lead to the death of young foals. (alpineequine.net)
  • EVA-negative mares bred to EVA-positive, viral-shedding stallions will become infected, shed virus, and seroconvert. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Detection of equine arteritis virus, the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), by real time PCR. (tamu.edu)
  • Several species of bacteria have been incriminated as causative agents of equine abortion and sterility. (ontario.ca)
  • Several countries have adopted strategies for preventing and/or controlling equine viral arteritis based on vaccination and restricting the breeding activities of carrier stallions. (uky.edu)
  • IMPORTANCE Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has a complex epidemiology involving multiple strains, recombination, and vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccination against equine influenza is crucial to reduce the severity and spread of the disease. (favanimals.net)
  • Vaccination against West Nile virus is essential for horses, especially in areas where the disease is prevalent. (favanimals.net)
  • However, in some cases, carrier stallions are only identified after they have transmitted virus to a mare. (uky.edu)
  • In this study, the use of several modifications of single-layer centrifugation (SLC, SLC with an inner tube and double SLC) through Androcoll-E, a species-specific colloid were evaluated for their ability to separate spermatozoa from virus in ejaculates from carrier stallions. (uky.edu)
  • Although virus titres were reduced in the SLC samples, significant levels of infectivity still remained, especially in stallions shedding large amounts of virus. (uky.edu)
  • The virus may persist in some otherwise healthy stallions for years. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • In addition, there is no treatment to rid carrier stallions of the virus. (alpineequine.net)
  • Colts and stallions can become life-long carriers of the virus. (vin.com)
  • We offer several programs that allow you to contribute to equine research in your own unique way and double the impact of your contribution. (grayson-jockeyclub.org)
  • There is no single cause of abortion in horses because several factors contribute to equine miscarriage. (teamequinety.com)
  • Late abortion (delivery before 300 days) or premature delivery may be caused by viral infections (equine herpes virus or equine viral arteritis) or, most commonly, by placentitis, an inflammation of the placenta that may be bacterial or fungal. (equisearch.com)
  • Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles have both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines available. (ufl.edu)
  • Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) Article Update Following the USA's multi-state outbreak of Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) in 2006, Jos Mottershead and Kathy St. Martin of Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC wrote an article about the virus with world-renowned expert on the subject Dr. Peter Timoney. (equine-reproduction.com)
  • Three of these viruses were first discovered and characterized in the 1950/60s, whereas PRRSV was first isolated in Europe and in North America in the early 1990s. (bionity.com)
  • PRRSV, a positive sense and single-stranded RNA virus, is a member of family Arteriviridae [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Countries presently free from this highly virulent PRRSV, such as Japan, remain at high risk for the invasion and spread of this virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nidovirales are an order of enveloped viruses with large single-stranded positive RNA genomes. (rug.nl)
  • Detection of equine arteritis virus by real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay. (cdc.gov)
  • How Prevalent is Drug Use in Equine Reproduction? (equine-reproduction.com)
  • The results of this study indicate that, in 2015, both viruses were not prevalent in the Israeli horse population, despite importation from endemic areas. (huji.ac.il)
  • During the past decades, it has been revealed that numerous pathogens, including viruses, usurp autophagy in order to promote their propagation. (rug.nl)
  • Four virus families (Arterividae, Coronaviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae) are part of this order, which comprises several human and animal pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. (rug.nl)
  • Characterization of the expression, intracellular localization, and replication complex association of the putative mouse hepatitis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses or fungi, may attack the fetus or its membranes, resulting in fetal death and expulsion. (ontario.ca)
  • These reports suggest that various live bacteria or viruses can remain in the gut of leeches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ISER XIII Presentation Summaries Following the attendance of our lead lecturer to the 13th International Symposium on Equine Reproduction, we are pleased to be able to provide ISER XIII presentation summaries of some of the presentations which have immediate clinical relevance. (equine-reproduction.com)
  • The viral agent is commonly found in specific species of fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (also called flying foxes), and close contact among horses and these bats is suspected to have caused transfer of the virus to horses. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Prognosis - poor to grave - mortality is related to species of equidae affected and the serotype/strain of virus. (vetacademy.org)
  • avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)
  • It is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) or orthoavulavirus-1, which is currently classified into the genus Orthoavulavirus of subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae of order Mononegaviriales (ICTV) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic symptoms lasting longer than 1 week suggest the presence of meningitis caused by certain viruses or by tuberculosis, syphilis, fungi (especially cryptococci), or carcinomatosis. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, it is the existence of these latently infected carrier horses, from which the virus is re-activated by stress-induced circumstances and shed into the environment to infect other individuals, that initiates a new outbreak of the disease. (ontario.ca)
  • Previous studies have shown that the nsp11 of equine arteritis virus(EAV), which is another member of family Arteriviridae, may play a key role in viral RNA synthesis and additional functions in the viral life cycle [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. (bionity.com)