• Induced cell cycle arrest is the use of a chemical or genetic manipulation to artificially halt progression through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells can be induced to arrest as they arrive (at different time points) at a certain phase, so that when the arrest is lifted (for instance, rescuing cell cycle progression by introducing another chemical) all the cells resume cell cycle progression at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mimosine is a plant amino acid that has been shown to reversibly inhibit progression beyond G1 phase in some human cells, including lymphoblastoid cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of serum deprivation - partially or completely removing the serum and its nutrients - has been shown to arrest and synchronize cell cycle progression in G0 phase, for example in neonatal mammalian astrocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • These studies include identifying proteins that affect PML nuclear bodies, cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses. (utoronto.ca)
  • Flow cytometric analysis evidenced that piperine arrested the cell cycle at growth 2/mitosis phase, hence suppressed the breast cancer progression. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Some studies showed that blocking cell cycle progression ameliorated fibrosis. (nature.com)
  • In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
  • Genetic and biochemical experiments with several different organisms have documented that the polo-like kinase (Plk) family serves as a vital regulator in many aspects of cell cycle progression. (harvard.edu)
  • Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Commonly used drugs act to block signal transduction and cell cycle progression in different phases, thereby blocking smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation or intimal hyperplasia in the stented arterial site. (statpearls.com)
  • This intracellular complex increases the expression of p27 and blocks the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase (DNA synthesis). (statpearls.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Calmodulin is required for cell-cycle progression during G1 and mitosis. (duke.edu)
  • Flow cytometric analysis showed that progression through G1 and mitosis was affected by changes in CaM levels. (duke.edu)
  • These data indicate that CaM levels may limit the rate of cell-cycle progression under normal conditions of growth. (duke.edu)
  • Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
  • Using proteomics approaches, we have discovered the interaction of EBNA1 with host proteins that control cell proliferation and apoptosis (USP7 and CK2) and with host nucleosome associated proteins that regulate DNA replication and transcription through histone modifications. (utoronto.ca)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results showed that the ADSC-CM increased the proliferation of the dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and the HaCaT cells. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • By modulating the cell cycle and activating the anagen phase in the hair cycle, the application of the ADSCs appear to promote hair growth by increasing the proliferation of the dermal papilla cells and possibly the HaCaT epithelial cells. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • We noticed less of an influence of the ADSCs on the proliferation of HaCaT cells and organ culture, with relatively narrow therapeutic concentrations of ADSC-CM,' Dr. Kim says. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • The current study demonstrated that PD markedly inhibited PAC cell proliferation and triggered their apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibits topoisomerase II and causes DNA strand breakage, causing cell proliferation to arrest in late S or early G 2 portion of cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits DNA synthesis and, thus, cell proliferation, by causing DNA cross-links and denaturation of double helix. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • This approach revealed an essential role of Plk1 for cell proliferation and viability. (harvard.edu)
  • Because inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis are fundamental approaches to cancer therapy, it was of interest to test the effect of Plk1 depletion in normal human cells. (harvard.edu)
  • no apparent proliferation defect or cell cycle arrest was observed after Plk1 depletion. (harvard.edu)
  • The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Increased CaM caused a transient acceleration of proliferation, while the anti-sense RNA induced decrease in CaM caused a transient cell cycle arrest. (duke.edu)
  • We hypothesized that FXR and FMD may inhibit proliferation and the metastatic phenotype in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)
  • These results indicate that JNK activity may regulate cell proliferation through the regulation of cell cycles. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Our results strongly support the idea that SP600125 inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting mitosis through extended tubulin polymerization. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • In addition, we found that EBNA1 disrupts the host PML nuclear bodies required for apoptosis and DNA repair, thereby promoting cell survival with DNA damage. (utoronto.ca)
  • Acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay revealed that piperine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells which was further investigated by Western blotting. (ijpsonline.com)
  • This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • β-peltatin initially arrested PAC cells at G2/M phase, followed by apoptosis induction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that Pulsatillae chinensis and particularly its bioactive ingredient β-peltatin suppress PAC by triggering cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
  • Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • Moreover, Plk1 depletion in cancer cells over an extended time induced apoptosis (cell death), as supported by the appearance of sub-genomic DNA, the activation of caspase 3, and the formation of fragmented nuclei. (harvard.edu)
  • However, upon subsequent severe depletion of Plk1, p53-depleted MCF10A cells were arrested prior to mitosis, but subsequently exhibited sub-genomic DNA, consistent with apoptosis events. (harvard.edu)
  • In the present study, the levels of apoptosis were analyzed in dexamethasone‑sensitive (MM.1S), dexamethasone‑resistant (U266) and chemotherapy‑sensitive (RPMI 8226) myeloma cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The incompletely differentiated plasma cells are characterized by deregulated apoptosis ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, whether 6-OAP-induced mitosis arrest and pathway inhibition are followed by apoptosis requires further study. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • We asked regardless of whether the antiproliferative action of 17-AAG was as a consequence of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or each. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Annexin-V/PI movement cytometric experiments had been performed to determine if 17-AAG alone or in combination with cisplatin could induce A549 cell apoptosis. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • That SP600125 induces endoreduplication signals, promotes tubulin polymerization, a critical process in cell division, and induces delayed apoptosis in leukemia Aurora kinases cells. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Contact inhibition is a method of arresting cells when neighboring cells come into contact with each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Yu J, Yang K, Zheng J, Zhao W, Sun X. Synergistic tumor inhibition of colon cancer cells by nitazoxanide and obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor ligand. (edu.iq)
  • HLF cells were treated with Cr(VI) with and without PTP inhibition. (gwu.edu)
  • PTP inhibition bypassed the Cr(VI)-induced G2/M arrest which was associated with decreased Cdk1 Tyr15 phosphorylation, increased Plk1 activity, and the nuclear localization of Plk1. (gwu.edu)
  • Some studies have reported that the G2 M arrest induced by SP600125 may be due to inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 kinase activity through an increase in p21 levels. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Thus, inhibition of JNK activity prevents dissociation between p21 and JNK, and then prevents inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 activity, leading to induction of G2 M arrest. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)
  • In contrast lytic infection induces cell cycle arrest and leads to amplification of the viral genomes for virion production. (utoronto.ca)
  • Genetic engineering of cells with specific gene knockouts can also result in cells that arrest at different phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • G1 phase is the first of the four phases of the cell cycle, and is part of interphase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, NHEJ is the preferred pathway in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while HR is favored in S and G2 phases. (cea.fr)
  • Muse flow cytometric analysis was performed for assessing of different cell cycle phases. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Plk1 protein and activity are low in G1, accumulate during S and G2/M phases, and are rapidly reduced in the late stages of mitosis [ 7 ]. (nature.com)
  • In a cell cycle analysis, ADSC-CM shortened G1 arrest and prolonged the synthesis and mitosis phases in the dermal papilla cells. (dermatologytimes.com)
  • In Xenopus laevis, early embryonic development consists of twelve rapid cleavage cycles between DNA replication (S) and mitosis (M) without checkpoints or gap phases. (vt.edu)
  • During the cell cycle, there are two main checkpoints that regulate entrance into S and M phases. (vt.edu)
  • Two dividing cells in different phases of mitosis surrounded by interphase cells. (concordia.ca)
  • Increased JNK activity is important for the dissociation of p21 and JNK, following which cells enter into the S phases. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was executed for determination of effects of piperine on breast cancer cell viability. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cell viability or clonogenicity was tested by violet crystal assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A) Cell viability at 72 hours and (B) 6 days post-siCKAP5 treatment as measured by methoxynitrosulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Values represent average % cell viability compared to cells treated with an equivalent concentration of siControl LNP. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Analyses of the cell viability, cell cycle, migration, and matrigel invasion assays were performed to elucidate how INT 747 and /or FMD functions in prostate cancer. (edu.iq)
  • The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)
  • In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. (nature.com)
  • Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G1 phase makes up about 1/3 of that time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chk1 regulates cell cycle arrest in the presence of unreplicated DNA in somatic cells by phosphorylating Cdc25A and leading to its degradation. (vt.edu)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Development of an organism from the embryonic stage involves a number of precisely timed events that arise as a result of interactions between several components including (i) morphogens which set up concentration gradients, (ii) cell-cycle oscillators which regulate mitosis and (iii) inter-cellular communication. (imsc.res.in)
  • Therefore, the upregulation of p21 expression may contribute to G2 M arrest in the early stages, and then Cdk2 may regulate endoreduplication by treating leukemia cells in the middle stages in the presence of SP600125. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • M: A mutant screen of budding yeasts with mitotic arrest identified CDC16, CDC23, and CDC27 as key genes that, when mutated, cause arrest in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6‑O‑angeloylplenolin (6‑OAP) is a sesquiterpene lactone agent that has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through mitotic arrest with accumulated cyclin B1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
  • When unreplicated or damaged DNA is present, cell cycle checkpoint pathways cause cell cycle arrest by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). (vt.edu)
  • One goal of this work is to understand the developmental role and regulation of checkpoint signaling pathways due to its monitoring of DNA integrity within the cell. (vt.edu)
  • Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)
  • Once recruited to DSB, these complexes get activated and induce the phosphorylation of numerous targets including transducing kinases, which subsequently phosphorylate downstream effectors to delay cell cycle and promote DNA repair. (cea.fr)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • ESP1 , ESP1-myc13 and pGAL-SWE1 ESP1-13myc cells were grown in YEP + raffinose, arrested in mitosis with nocodazole and switched to YEP + galactose media to induce expression of Swe1. (figshare.com)
  • Chk1 plays a critical but not fully understood role in cell cycle remodeling and early embryonic development. (vt.edu)
  • The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • A new study from the Erikson lab by Xiaoqi Liu and Ming Lei (just appearing in Molecular and Cellular Biology ) offers important insight into the function of Polo-like kinase 1 and its role in cell regulation and carcinogenesis in mammalian cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Taken together, these data suggest new approaches for the study of Plk1 function in cell regulation and survival, and also emphasize the potential of Plk1 as a target in cancer therapy. (harvard.edu)
  • Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Protein phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of most eukaryotic cells functions and mass spectrometry-based analysis has made major contributions to our understanding of this regulation. (scilifelab.se)
  • At the cellular level, FXR activation resulted in down-regulation of procaspase -3, vimentin, and MMP9, which triggers apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest, and switch from mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype. (edu.iq)
  • However, a major unresolved question is how each cell regulates the precise number of its motile cilia during differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • During oocyte maturation RSK both phosphorylates and down-regulates Myt1 causing prophase I arrest (24). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Component of the BRCA1-RBBP8 complex which regulates CHEK1 activation and controls cell cycle G2/M checkpoints on DNA damage via BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination of RBBP8. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
  • Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
  • These heterozygous somatic mutations most regularly consist of a point mutation within exon 21, leading to an amino acid substitution or in-frame deletions within exon 19.Kinase domain mutations result in constitutive activation of EGFR by jak2 inhibitors selleck chemicals destabilization in the autoinhibited conformation on the receptor.In mutant EGFR tumors, cell survival is dependent on EGFR signaling, a phenomenon termed ?oncogene addiction? (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Another reason synchrony is important is the control for amount of DNA content, which varies at different parts of the cell cycle based on whether DNA replication has occurred since the last round of completed mitosis and cytokinesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
  • Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Plk1 belongs to a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases with a polo-box domain and plays a critical role in the initiation of mitosis, centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, and cytokinesis. (nature.com)
  • Due to its key role in the eukaryotic cell cycles, Plk1 has been one of the most validated drug targets for cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Either USP7 or PLK1 knockdown by RNAi significantly sensitized taxane-resistant cells to taxane cell killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian family includes Plk1, an enzyme active in mitosis, and two other enzymes, Plk2 and Plk3, active early in the cell cycle. (harvard.edu)
  • Similarly, non-small cell lung cancer patients whose tumors show moderate Plk1 expression survive significantly longer than those patients with high levels of Plk1 transcripts. (harvard.edu)
  • Analysis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, oropharyngeal carcinomas, ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, and esophageal and gastric cancer has revealed a close correlation between lower survival rates and higher Plk1 expression levels. (harvard.edu)
  • To document its functions in mammalian cells in more detail, the authors reported previously on the phenotype of cultured cancer cells after Plk1 depletion by the use of interfering RNA (RNAi). (harvard.edu)
  • In this study performed by Liu, a post-doctoral fellow in the lab, and Lei, a graduate student, Plk1 was depleted in several lines of normal human cells. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Four polo family members are present in mammalian cells: Plk1 Plk2/Snk Plk3/Fnk/Prk and Plk4/Sak. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Therefore Myt1 acts mainly because a common substrate for RSK1 in Plk1 and meiosis in Nisoxetine hydrochloride mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Degradation of Mos inactivates p90RSK when mature metaphase II-arrested oocytes are fertilized (25-27) and Myt1 forms a complex with Plk1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • We utilized human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to examine the role of Plk1 in promoting mitosis after DNA damage. (gwu.edu)
  • The Plk1 constitutively active T210D mutant was able to override Cr(VI)-induced G2/M arrest and Plk1 activation was necessary for the PTP inhibitor-induced increase in clonogenic survival after Cr(VI) exposure. (gwu.edu)
  • Taken together, these data indicate that Plk1 is involved in the override of Cr(VI)-induced G2/M arrest, increased survival and mutagenesis at the expense of proper DNA repair which may promote neoplastic transformation. (gwu.edu)
  • In some experiments, a researcher may want to control and synchronize the time when a group of cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples include: G1: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing dominant mutant alleles of CDC28 arrest in G1, which indicates that CDC28 is necessary for passage beyond the G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • S: Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant form of DNA polymerase delta (pol delta ts03) arrest in S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • α-factor is a pheromone secreted by Saccharomyces cervisiae that arrests the yeast cells in G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This natural process can be mimicked in a lab through the overexpression of p27Kip1, which results in induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • To monitor morphology of cancerous breast cells, phase contrast microscopy was performed after piperine exposure. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Es konnte weder ein Arrest dieser Zellen in der Mitose noch eine veränderte Länge der S-Phase nach LIN-9 oder B-MYB Depletion festgestellt werden. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • By immunoprecipitating CENP-A mononucleosomes from synchronized cells pulsed with [ 3 H]thymidine we demonstrate that CENP-A-associated DNA is replicated in mid-to-late S phase. (rupress.org)
  • Further studies showed that P5091 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and particularly induced chromosome misalignment, indicating the key roles of USP7 in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cdc25 gene product is a tyrosine phosphatase that acts as an initiator of M-phase in eukaryotic cell cycles by activating p34 cdc2 . (biologists.com)
  • Gestational trophoblastic tumors are sensitive to many antineoplastic agents, especially those that act in the S phase or the M phase of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • In the absence of active Chk1, Cdc25A activates cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) allowing the cell to progress into S or M phase. (vt.edu)
  • D ) Wild-type and esp1-3A cells were grown to log phase, arrested in G1 with α-factor, and released into the cell cycle (t = 0). (figshare.com)
  • This is linked to the lack of a functional G1/S-phase checkpoint, which allows the cells to enter the S-phase almost directly after mitosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Moreover, no robust accumulation of cells in G1-phase was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Another drug category is taxanes, which interfere with microtubule function, which is necessary for the M phase (mitosis). (statpearls.com)
  • So cells get arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (statpearls.com)
  • Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Moreover, our study showed that INT 747 either alone or combined with FMD robustly induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. (edu.iq)
  • During this phase the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis, when they divide to produce cells genetically identical to themselves. (concordia.ca)
  • Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • Studies using fission yeast were instrumental in identifying fundamental mechanisms that govern cell division, differentiation, and epigenetics, to name but a few. (cshlpress.com)
  • PhD student Dilan B. Jaunky is investigating the mechanisms that govern mitosis in associate professor Alisa Piekny 's biology lab in the Faculty of Arts and Science . (concordia.ca)
  • Metaphase and anaphase are both stages in mitosis and we study the mechanisms that govern them. (concordia.ca)
  • The cell cycle distribution was analyzed through PI staining and flow cytometry analysis, while apoptotic cells were measured by double staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, the combination treatment on PC-3 cells not only showed several lines of evidence of apoptotic cells death but also inhibited carcinogenic potential as evaluated by impairment of spheroid formation capacity and delayed wound healing and matrigel invasion. (edu.iq)
  • During the last decade, the non-random spatial arrangement of the genome into the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, as emerged as a key regulator of genome functions and notably of the propagation of a stable genome. (cea.fr)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • In this study, INT 747 treatment caused apoptotic morphological changes and significantly reduced the survival of PC-3 cells incubated in normal mediums. (edu.iq)
  • Collectively, FXR activation alone markedly decreases, and when combined with FMD abrogates the survival and carcinogenic potential of metastatic prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)
  • In in vitro and in vivo experiments, bleomycin has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in G2 and in mitosis. (nih.gov)
  • The bright cell with lots of orange on the right is in metaphase and the cell with lots of green on the left is in anaphase. (concordia.ca)
  • The drug we are developing stops cancer cells from continuing to divide and arrests cells in metaphase. (concordia.ca)
  • DSBs are first detected and signaled by the DNA damage checkpoint that triggers cell cycle arrest, providing time for the cell to repair damaged chromosomes before entering mitosis. (cea.fr)
  • Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Another means of characterizing the unreplicated DNA checkpoint is through the use of mathematical modeling of the checkpoint-signaling cascade of the cell cycle. (vt.edu)
  • The checkpoint original model represents the activity of Cdc25 phosphatase on the mitosis promoting factor (MPF) that leads the cell into mitosis. (vt.edu)
  • The G2 M checkpoint is especially important in protecting normal cells from tumor formation driven by the accumulation of mutations. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Therefore, elimination of the checkpoint increases the sensitivity of human tumor cell lines to anticancer agents. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Studies in the Frappier laboratory involve a variety of methodologies, including proteomics approaches for protein interactions and host cell manipulations, functional assays in human cells, immunofluorescence microscopy, RNA interference, protein biochemistry and protein structural studies. (utoronto.ca)
  • The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
  • Each MCC contains hundreds of motile cilia, microtubule-based organelles that generate the motive force to move fluid over the surface of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Therefore, SP600125 has a strong anticancer effect against leukemia cells in a dose and time dependent manner by promoting tubulin polymerization and disrupting the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Recently, certain cancer chemotherapy agents have been found to exert their anticancer activities by disrupting the dynamics of microtubule assembly, thus perturbing the formation and function of the mitotic spindle apparatus and arresting cells in mitosis. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Cyclophilin overexpression is a common event in fibrotic tissues playing a key role in different stages of the fibrotic process, including inflammation, hepatocyte death, and activation of the hepatic stellate cells leading to increased collagen production. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, ES cells showed strong induction of p53, but no induction of its target gene p21. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Frog egg cell extracts have been used extensively in cell cycle research because they are relatively large, reaching a diameter of 1mm, and so contain large amounts of protein, making protein levels more easily measurable. (wikipedia.org)
  • p27Kip1 protein levels are elevated in arresting cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon addition of Zn2+, cells containing the BPV-MCM vector have transiently increased CaM mRNA and protein levels. (duke.edu)
  • Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, forced expression of NBPF1 in two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines also resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest and CDKN1A upregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In an academic research context, cell cycle arrest is typically performed in model organisms and cell extracts, such as Saccharomyces cervisiae (yeast) or Xenopus oocytes (frog eggs). (wikipedia.org)
  • G2: Fission yeast expressing some mutant forms of CDC2 unable to arrest in G2 in response to DNA damage, indicating the gene product is involved in G2 arrest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contributors describe basic methods for culturing and genetically manipulating fission yeast, synchronization strategies for probing the cell cycle, technologies for assessing proteins, metabolites, and cell wall constituents, imaging methods to visualize subcellular structures and dynamics, and protocols for investigating chromatin and nucleic acid metabolism. (cshlpress.com)
  • We are interested in the proteins and mechanisms involved in maintaining EBV genomes and host cell immortalization in latency, as well as cues that trigger EBV reactivation to the lytic cycle. (utoronto.ca)
  • In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The model was updated with additional interactions, such as those including Myt1, a second inhibitor kinase, and lamin proteins, which become phosphorylated at the onset of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) at entry into mitosis. (vt.edu)
  • During this work, the function of the proteins Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12, which were shown previously to be involved in ribosome biogenesis of mature cell lines, was investigated in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Localization of the proteins was predominantly nucleolar and the formation of a stable complex (PeBoW-complex), including all three proteins, was experimentally validated in mature mouse cells as well as in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • While the role of morphogens has received enormous attention in developmental contexts, it is now becoming clear that juxtacrine signaling, which occurs between cells in physical proximity, can also play a key role in shaping the outcomes of such processes. (imsc.res.in)
  • This indicates that high levels of p21 and Cdk2 can be expressed at different times in G2 M arrest and endoreduplication because endoreduplication occurs after G2 M arrest. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Airway progenitor cells contain two parental centrioles (PC) and form structures called deuterosomes that nucleate centrioles during amplification. (elifesciences.org)
  • BC comprises of variant subtypes and those subtypes arise from basal progenitor or luminal progenitor cells undergoing different genetic mutations[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • When a person has cancer, malignant cells take over the machinery controlling that division and cause them to continue to split when they shouldn't. (concordia.ca)
  • However, cancer cells hijack the machinery controlling division. (concordia.ca)
  • Its proposed mechanism of action is an iron/zinc chelator that depletes iron within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that a cell-intrinsic surface area-dependent mechanism controls centriole and cilia abundance in multiciliated cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • As alkylating agent, mechanism of action of active metabolites may involve cross-linking of DNA, which may interfere with growth of normal and neoplastic cells. (medscape.com)
  • To probe for a possible mechanism for this result, p53 which is frequently mutated or absent in cancer cells, was depleted with RNAi in MCF10A, a normal human cell line, to render it more like a cancer cell. (harvard.edu)
  • The mechanism it targets appears to be selective to highly progressive cancer cells. (concordia.ca)
  • I've always had a strong interest in studying the mechanism of a cell and how robust processes are deregulated in cancers. (concordia.ca)
  • Cell migration and invasion was monitored by transwell chambers assay. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cell migration as well as cell invasive ability of MCF-7 cells was reduced to minimum by the application of piperine in dose dependent-manner. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Given that some of the mechanisms below of inducing cell cycle arrest involve damaging the DNA, this allows investigation into how the cell responds to damage of its genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their rapid growth rate, genetic malleability, and similarities to more complex eukaryotes continue to make them excellent subjects for many biochemical, molecular, and cell biological studies. (cshlpress.com)
  • Several of our studies involve the EBNA1 protein of EBV, which is expressed in both latent and lytic forms of infection, is the only viral protein needed to replicate and maintain EBV genomes in human cells and contributes to cell transformation. (utoronto.ca)
  • Further, application of piperine on cancer cell colonies remarkably reduced the number of cell colonies to minimum. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Dose-dependent response of CKAP5 knockdown across various cancer cell lines. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cancer Cell. (edu.iq)
  • We need to screen our drugs against many cancer cell lines and do multiple types of characterization to help us narrow down which cells our drug is most effective against. (concordia.ca)
  • A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Comparative potency of obeticholic acid and natural bile acids on FXR in hepatic and intestinal in vitro cell models. (edu.iq)
  • NV556 treatment in an in vitro 3D human liver Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cultured with a TGFβ1-activated human hepatic stellate cell line led to decreased collagen production. (lu.se)
  • The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. (edu.iq)