• The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the complexity of the degradation pathways, the phenomenon of biodegradation is categorized into two types: convergent and divergent modes of degradation (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • Microbial degradation of organic compounds. (research.com)
  • The up-regulated members of ABC transport systems, aromatics degradation, and fatty acid degradation indicated a reinforced transfer and utilization of E2. (bvsalud.org)
  • ß- and δ-isomers of HCH are highly toxic, persistent, and recalcitrant to biodegradation, slow and incomplete degradation of ß- and δ- isomers have been reported in a few strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • The obtained results suggest that microbial biodegradation of pollutants can be used to clean up contaminated environments. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
  • Bioremediation, which utilizes the microbial metabolic potential of the degrading microorganisms, has come up as an efficient and cost-effective means of large scale removal of these compounds in comparison to the physico-chemical means of bioremediation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • The discovery of I. sakaiensis spurred discussion about PET biodegradation as a method of recycling and bioremediation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, engineering of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase may be employed for application on bioremediation of polluted sites. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Due to the importance of the oxygenases in chemical synthesis of drug intermediates and oxidation of xenobiotic compounds, OxDBase database would be very useful tool in the field of synthetic chemistry as well as bioremediation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once in the cell, the aromatic terephthalic acid molecule is oxidized by terephthalic acid-1,2-dioxygenase and 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase into a catechol intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concepts of his Pseudomonas putida study are interwoven with issues in Escherichia coli, Electron donor, Dioxygenase, Dehydrogenase and Naphthalene. (research.com)
  • Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EstP1), 2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, TonB-dependent receptor were involved in E2 catabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • They isolated a Pseudomonas azelaica strain HPB1 which was able to degrade OPP through the production of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. (nature.com)
  • Metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas sp. (paperbase.net)
  • Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)
  • They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
  • In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no phenol turn over under anaerobic condition (O 2 - free nitrogen) until air was admitted when phenol removal commenced [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The oxidation of β-naphthol by Volvox aureus, Lyngbya lagerlerimi and Nostoc linckia , and the oxidation of catechol by Chlorella vulgaris and V. aureus were suggested. (omicsonline.org)
  • Oxygenases can further be grouped into two categories i.e. monooxygenases and dioxygenases on the basis of number of oxygen atoms used for oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this divergent mode, a metal-dependent dioxygenase channels these dihydroxylated intermediates into one of the two possible pathways: the meta -cleavage pathway or the ortho -cleavage pathway [ 7 - 9 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2021. Separate upper pathway ring cleavage dioxygenases are required for growth of Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 on dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin. (nih.gov)
  • 4-OH-E1 meta-cleavage was catalyzed by a dioxygenase encoded by IM701_20340 or IM701_21000 or IM701_09625. (bvsalud.org)
  • His Anthracene, Decomposition, Biodegradation and Lignin study in the realm of Organic chemistry interacts with subjects such as Materials science. (research.com)
  • 16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • terephthalic acid, a more recalcitrant compound, is imported into the I. sakaiensis cell via the terephthalic acid transporter protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6 identified a gene cluster, hbpCAD , encoding the upper metabolic pathway of OPP which involves the transformation of OPP to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoateand benzoic acid (BA). (nature.com)
  • Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene was found andamplified with the designed primers from the total DNA of C-14-1. (researchgate.net)
  • instead it occasionally leads to the formation of metabolic products that are more toxic or persistent than the parent compound 4 . (nature.com)
  • Ideonella sakaiensis adhere to PET surface and use a secreted PET hydrolase, or PETase, to degrade the PET into mono(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalic acid (MHET), a heterodimer composed of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The wild-type bacterium is able to colonize and break down a thin (0.2 mm thickness) film of low-crystallinity (soft) PET in approximately 6 weeks, and the responsible PETase enzyme was shown to degrade high-crystallinity (hard) PET approximately 30-fold slower (180 weeks or more than 3 years) than low-crystallinity PET. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we found that intracellular enzymes were the major contributors to E2 biodegradation by strain ES2-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many of these compounds have been reported to be toxic to the living organisms [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second ben/cat operon was located in a 92-kb scaffold along with (i) an operon ( opp ) comprising genes for the transformation of OPP to BA and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (and genes for its transformation) and (ii) an incomplete biphenyl catabolic operon ( bph ). (nature.com)
  • The catechol ring is then cleaved by PCA 3,4-dioxygenase before the compound is integrated into other metabolic pathways (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • was investigated in BG11 medium with 10 mg/L triacontanol (TRIA) and without it to test whether the hormone could increase the removal efficiency by increasing biomass [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2-keto-4-pentenoic acid might be an emblematic product of such process. (bvsalud.org)
  • this has seen reduction in SO 2 emissions across Europe by more than 60% between 1990 and 2004 (Vestreng et al. (springer.com)
  • There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
  • The algae could use nitro and amino- substituents, from amino naphthalenes, and amino- and nitrobenzoates as nitrogen sources, and chlorobenzoates could be dehalogenated and the chloride being accumulated by the cells [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth other uses for it, in particular lignosulfonates originating from when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon the sulfite pulping process, but the predominant technical lig- source. (lu.se)
  • Twelve intermediate products were detected in the water-sediment system, including the observation of the glutathione (GSH) conjugated derivative, monoglucosylated product, (OH)2-DPHP and CH3-O-DPHP for the first time in microorganism-mediated TPHP transformation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, derived compounds. (lu.se)
  • Its application results in the production of large wastewater volumes which require treatment on site 2 . (nature.com)
  • Increased public awareness about the hazards and toxicity of these compounds has encouraged the development of technologies for their remediation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2. Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. (sfroundup.com)
  • In the last few decades, extensive urbanization and rapid industrialization has resulted in the addition of a large number of xenobiotic compounds into the environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chemical properties and quantities of the xenobiotic compounds determine their toxicity and persistence in the environment. (biomedcentral.com)