• Other names in common use include cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase, cis-1,2-dihydrocyclohexa-3,5-diene (nicotinamide adenine, and dinucleotide) oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In with carcinogenic effects (e.g. benzene, chromates, aromatic the years up to 1930, major scientific progress occurred in the fun- damental principles of protection, which included substitution, enclosure and ventilation (Luxon, 1984 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Benzene compounds with dihydroxylated rings, e.g. catechol (1,2-benzenediol) and hydroquinone (1,4-benzenediol), are important intermediates in bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds. (ethz.ch)
  • Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, and a derivative of benzene. (camlinfs.com)
  • Oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some may be likely, some may be possible and some may be unlikely based on current knowledge (an example of the latter may be oxygenases that work on 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). (europa.eu)
  • The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • The purpose of this work was to provide a scientific evaluation of the atmospheric fate of aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes and nitrophenols, which are important products in the oxidation of BTX. (uni-wuppertal.de)
  • The data obtained within the present work will help to improve the knowledge on the atmospheric degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. (uni-wuppertal.de)
  • The rate coefficients of the OH and NO3 radical initiated oxidation of some nitro/hydroxy substituted monoaromatic hydrocarbons improve the kinetic data base required to model the degradation mechanisms of aromatic compounds and to develop structure reactivity relationships for OH and NO3 radical with VOCs. (uni-wuppertal.de)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • Production of aromatic hydrocarbons by hydro-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) over Ni/HZSM-5. (psi.ch)
  • Due to the presence of carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, heterocyclic amines, and nitrites and nitrates in processed foods, understanding how processed foods impact human health is necessary. (nhsjs.com)
  • Considering that one of the first steps in the degradation of aromatic compounds is the benzenic ring hydroxylation due to electrophilic addition of hydroxyl radical, the generation of di and trihydroxylated intermediates may occur and contribute to the reduction of Fe III species. (scielo.br)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • An aromatic compound ring cleavage enzyme of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was detected but catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was not detected in 2C6-43 T . A fatty acid profile with anteiso-C 15: 0 , iso-C 15: 0 and C 16: 0 as the major components supported the affiliation of strain 2C6-43 T to the genus Georgenia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation to HPD I (meta-cleavage, link ), dioxygenase xylE converts catechol to (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate (also known as 2-hydroxymuconate 6-semialdehyde). (lbl.gov)
  • In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation III (ortho-cleavage, link ), the 1,2-dioxygenase catA forms cis,cis-muconate, a cycloisomerase forms (+)-muconolactone, an isomerase converts this to (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate (also known as 3-oxoadipate enol lactone), and a hydrolase cleaves this to 3-oxoadipate. (lbl.gov)
  • This series of steps is part of protocatechuate para-cleavage, link , or catechol degradation II, link . (lbl.gov)
  • Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. (scirp.org)
  • this gives the possibility to narrow down the product spectrum in comparison to other "dry" cleavage methods, towards a higher yield of e.g. catechols. (scirp.org)
  • It is also the aim to increase the selectivity and yield of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules, e.g. catechol. (scirp.org)
  • They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In A. baylyi this mechanism was investigated using the degradative pathways for the aromatic substrates and dicarboxylates. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone. (psi.ch)
  • For instance, it could be a source of bifunctional aromatic molecules, like the monocyclic compounds catechol or guaiacol, or bifunctional oligomers. (scirp.org)
  • There was no phenol turn over under anaerobic condition (O 2 - free nitrogen) until air was admitted when phenol removal commenced [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2-EthoxyPhenol Manufactured by Manglam Chemicals, 2 - Ethoxy Phenol is A low-melting (20-25 degreeC), high-boiling (216-217 degreeC) smoke flavour compound. (one-sublime-directory.com)
  • 2-Ethoxy Phenol has a role as a flavouring agent.2 Ethoxy Phenol is an aromatic ether, a volatile organic compound and a member of phenols. (one-sublime-directory.com)
  • The contribution of irradiation and the dihydroxybenzenes (DHB), catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ), added or formed as phenol oxidation intermediates, was evaluated for the reduction of Fe III and for phenol degradation via Fenton processes. (scielo.br)
  • Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule, may play an important role in that exchange, as it is the only bio based source of aromatic compounds. (scirp.org)
  • However, no process for the production of aromatics from lignin in technical scale has been established until now. (scirp.org)
  • 16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • Reaction of tetrafluoropyridazine with catechol gives a tricyclic 9,10-dioxa-1,2-diaza-anthracene system by a sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution ring annelation process, further extending the use of perfluoroheteroaromatic derivatives for the synthesis of unusual polyfunctional heterocyclic architectures. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Catechol has a high potential as a platform chemical because of two present hydroxy groups and can be used as a precursor to fine chemicals such as perfumes and pharmaceuticals or as a building block in the organic synthesis. (scirp.org)
  • The algae could use nitro and amino- substituents, from amino naphthalenes, and amino- and nitrobenzoates as nitrogen sources, and chlorobenzoates could be dehalogenated and the chloride being accumulated by the cells [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. (rxlist.com)
  • Stalevo, a combination drug consisting of levodopa (aromatic amino acid), carbidopa (aromatic amino acid decarboxylation inhibitor), and entacapone (catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor) is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Additional pathways are not included: the fate of 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA is not known ( link ), and anthraniloyl-CoA reductase (the only anaerobic route known, link ) has not been linked to sequence. (lbl.gov)
  • Dioxygenase NbaC cleaves the aromatic ring, yielding 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde, a decarboxylase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate semialdehyde, a dehydrogenase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate, a deaminase forms (3E)-2-oxo-3-hexenedioate (also known as 2-oxalocrotonate), and a decarboxylase forms (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
  • 2) The surface of a composition layer formed on a support is contacted with a negative film for exposure to light and the photopolymerizable unsaturated compound on the exposed portion is photopolymerized and insolubilized. (justia.com)
  • 4-Tert-butyIcatechoI is an organic chemical compound obtained by the butylation of Catechol using Isobutene gas. (camlinfs.com)
  • 1 CBD is a competitive inhibitor that binds to FAAH and MAGL, with a higher affinity then 2-AG and AEA, resulting in an elevated concentration of AEA and 2-AG in the body. (physicianslab.com)
  • Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase is structurally similar to 3,4-PCD. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Catechol- O -methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors inhibitors such as entacapone and tolcapone may be used to increase the peripheral half-life of levodopa, thereby delivering more levodopa to the brain over a longer time. (medscape.com)
  • The oxidation of β-naphthol by Volvox aureus, Lyngbya lagerlerimi and Nostoc linckia , and the oxidation of catechol by Chlorella vulgaris and V. aureus were suggested. (omicsonline.org)
  • In the alveoli, agonism of beta-2 adrenergic receptors, activates similar pathways to the heart, however the end result is regulation of sodium channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and sodium potassium ATPase. (drugbank.com)
  • A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Well-defined Co(II) complexes stabilized by a PCP ligand catalyze efficient alkylations of aromatic amines by primary alcohols into mono- N -alkylated amines in very good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • A catalytic system generated in situ from a tetranuclear Ru-H complex with a catechol ligand enables a direct deaminative coupling of two primary amines to form secondary amines. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Comment: In pathway I, dioxygenase kynA opens the non-aromatic ring, to N-formyl-L-kynureine, a hydrolase yields L-kynurenine (and formate), and a hydrolase yields anthranilate and L-alanine. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation I ( link ), a dioxygenase cleaves off carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving catechol. (lbl.gov)
  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responsible for the catabolism of tryptophan and arginine, respectively, and cycloxigenase (COX) were studied comparing their modulation by respective inhibitors with the number of tachyzoites or the immune response measured by the release of IL-10 and TNF. (bvsalud.org)
  • They isolated a Pseudomonas azelaica strain HPB1 which was able to degrade OPP through the production of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. (nature.com)
  • The ECS also contains arachidonate-based endocannabinoids, known as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylgycerol (2-AG), along with enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which break down AEA and 2-AG, respectively. (physicianslab.com)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • NIOSH skin notation profile:Catechol. (cdc.gov)
  • So giving an ester hydrolysis rule a score of 2 would give it a high priority but after an acid chloride hydrolysis reaction. (europa.eu)
  • This is part of a MetaCyc pathway for catechol degradation, link . (lbl.gov)
  • 6 identified a gene cluster, hbpCAD , encoding the upper metabolic pathway of OPP which involves the transformation of OPP to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoateand benzoic acid (BA). (nature.com)
  • You should also use 2 for a reaction that is significantly likely to occur once a certain intermediate has been generated. (europa.eu)
  • IL-8 and TGFa secretion were not significantly affected by catechol (154234). (cdc.gov)
  • For all significantly differentially expressed microRNAs inside of the 2 groups, we now have produced gene sets from their expressed target genes. (pdpksignaling.com)
  • Segmented catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for aromatics production with MgCl 2 , and HZSM-5. (psi.ch)
  • B, solute carrier relatives six member 2, solute carrier relatives 18 member one, and transcription factors and homeobox genes involved in neural crest derived cell de velopment, paired like homeobox 2a and 2b, GATA binding protein two and 3, heart and neural crest derivatives expressed two. (pdpksignaling.com)
  • There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
  • The use of 1,2-benzisoxazole as a practical electrophilic primary amine source enables a mild and general copper-hydride-catalyzed hydroamination of alkenes and alkynes to form primary amines. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Comment: Dehydrogenase praB forms 2-hydroxymuconate, tautomerase praC forms (3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate (2-oxalocrotonate), and decarboxylase praD yields 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD) is a common intermediate in the aerobic degradation of many aromatic compounds. (lbl.gov)
  • Type-3 copper sequesters the electrons that are transported from the substrate to Type-l copper and converts oxygen to water through a firmly linked peroxide intermediate, whereas Type-2 copper promotes the dissociation of the oxygen-oxygen link in the latter [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With an alarming rise in mortality rates, from approximately 6 million deaths in 2000 2 to 10 million deaths in 2022 3 , it has emerged as a formidable research challenge in the scientific community. (nhsjs.com)
  • 10 Agonism of beta-2 adrenergic receptors can also increase chloride ion transport across CFTR. (drugbank.com)
  • We provide a comprehensive range of secondary butyl chloride compounds like Sec-Butyl Chloride, 2-Chlorobutane, 1-Methyl Propyl Chloride, 2-chloro-3-methylpropane and 2-Butyl Chloride. (trivenichemical.com)
  • Other important advantages are the relatively low cost of the reagents involved, the mild operation conditions employed, absence of iron toxicity and the environmentally benign character of H 2 O 2 at the concentrations used. (scielo.br)
  • Commercially available [(PPh 3 ) 2 NiCl 2 ] is an efficient catalyst for the mono- N -alkylation of (hetero)aromatic amines, employing alcohols to deliver diverse secondary amines in excellent yields via the borrowing hydrogen strategy. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Its application results in the production of large wastewater volumes which require treatment on site 2 . (nature.com)
  • Based on the experimental data obtained for 3-methyl-2-nitrophenol a photolytic HONO formation rate in the atmosphere of 100 pptV h-1 is estimated for a maximum J(NO2) value of 10-2 s-1 in the presence of 1 ppbV of nitrophenols. (uni-wuppertal.de)
  • These data indicate that iNOS, IDO and COX-2 control the proliferation of N. caninum in this in vitro model. (bvsalud.org)
  • This Skin Notation Profile provides the SK assignments and supportive data for catechol. (cdc.gov)
  • The second ben/cat operon was located in a 92-kb scaffold along with (i) an operon ( opp ) comprising genes for the transformation of OPP to BA and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (and genes for its transformation) and (ii) an incomplete biphenyl catabolic operon ( bph ). (nature.com)