• The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • However, their role during the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons is not well understood. (bl.uk)
  • The study indicated that acid activated clays, organoclays, untreated kaolinite, K-bentonite, Zn-bentonite and Cr-bentonite were inhibitory to biodegradation of the hydrocarbons, via different mechanisms, whereas Ca-bentonite and Fe-bentonite were stimulatory to biodegradation with about 80% removal of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) due to biodegradation. (bl.uk)
  • The 'local bridging effect' and polarization of the interlayer water were identified as two opposing influences arising from the interlayer cations of clay minerals that probably determine the extent of biodegradation of the hydrocarbons. (bl.uk)
  • Adsorption of hydrocarbons was significant during biodegradation especially with unmodified palygorskite, Zn-bentonite and K-bentonite as each of them caused more than 40% removal of TPH by adsorption in the experimental microcosm containing 5:1 ratio (w/w) of clay to oil. (bl.uk)
  • These emissions often contain much larger percentages of combustion by-products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the initial petroleum products. (cdc.gov)
  • Two novel and versatile bacterial consortia were developed for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. (nih.gov)
  • They were isolated from crude oil from the Cormorant Field in the North Sea (MPD-7) and from sediment associated with mangrove roots (MPD-M). The bacterial consortia were able to degrade both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils very effectively in seawater (35 g/L NaCl) and synthetic media containing 0 to 100 g/L NaCl (1.7 M). Salinities over twice that of normal seawater decreased the biodegradation rates. (nih.gov)
  • This same mechanism can also degrade pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (ommushrooms.com)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of chemical that occurs naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. (ommushrooms.com)
  • During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, concentrations of mono-aromatic hydrocarbon in samples collected from within the plume was ?50 ?g/L. This means about 5.5 tons mono-aromatic hydrocarbons were input to the region per day, which is more than double the total source rate of the mono-aromatic hydrocarbons all natural seeps in the northern Gulf of Mexico [10]. (fortunejournals.com)
  • A new method of the determination polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples was developed by continuous-flow microextraction (CFME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this experiment, 15 mL sample solution with no salt-added was flowed at the rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) through 3 microL benzene as extraction solvent. (who.int)
  • To cope with the wide variety of phenolic compounds found in nature, bacterial pathways for degradation of aromatic compounds generally begin by channeling these diverse substrates towards a few common intermediates, which are then further degraded. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds. (am-online.org)
  • Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 is a specialist in anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds, employing a complex and substrate-specifically regulated catabolic network. (uni-oldenburg.de)
  • The obtained results suggest that microbial biodegradation of pollutants can be used to clean up contaminated environments. (omicsonline.org)
  • Dr. Marco-Urrea will continue to investigate microbial biodegradation of halogenated compounds. (helmholtz.de)
  • Ivshina I.B. Tyumina E.A. Special Issue Microbial Biodegradation and Biotransformation // Microorganisms. (iegm.ru)
  • An integrated anaerobic‐aerobic process for the complete mineralization of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (used in this work as the model toxic halogenated aromatic compound to degrade) was successfully tested and operated. (njit.edu)
  • C3 in order to degrade DBT in respect to 1) DBT biodegradation kinetics, 2) bacterial growth, 3) rhamnolipid (RL) biosynthesis, and 4) RL secretion. (cdc.gov)
  • Tiedje and colleagues discovered soil microbes that dechlorinate chlorine aromatic compounds that can help degrade toxic chemcials such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). (asm.org)
  • For example, fungi that produce the enzyme laccase can degrade lignin, a complex compound found in wood and other plant matter. (ommushrooms.com)
  • Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • Dibenzothiophene (DBT) is a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon frequently found in urbanized areas, and is often used as a model chemical to study the microbial transformation of pollutants. (cdc.gov)
  • His work includes understanding biodegradation of environmental pollutants and the use of molecular methods to understand microbial community structure and function. (asm.org)
  • The relevance of the beta-proteobacterial Burkholderiales order in the degradation of a vast array of aromatic compounds, including several priority pollutants, has been largely assumed. (uai.cl)
  • Bioremediation of aromatic nitro compounds - examples of implementation. (am-online.org)
  • The microcosm allowed for a mass-balance approach and quantification of hydrocarbon biodegradation rates within a well-defined iron-reducing zone of the anoxic plume. (sciencebase.gov)
  • Pathways for catabolizing aromatic compounds generally begin by adding two hydroxyl groups to the benzene ring, most often on adjacent carbons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Benzene and alkylbenzene biodegradation rates and patterns were measured using an in situ microcosm in a crude-oil contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. (sciencebase.gov)
  • Benzene is used as a model aromatic compound to determine the efficacy of the carbon black particles to adsorb and retain (therefore reducing the bioavailability) these fractions as a function of tunable hydrophilicity. (confex.com)
  • Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban atmosphere. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Only strains containing this pathway are able to survive by metabolizing 4-HPA as the sole carbon source, showing that this pathway is required for catabolism of this compound, and likely for similar phenolic compounds as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
  • At present, dyes are mainly aromatic compounds and heterocyclic structures with polar and color-display groups. (hindawi.com)
  • Field and co-workers (11,12) conducted monitoring of these compounds in a sewage contaminated groundwater, and Tabor and Barber (13) found DATS in some bottom sediments of the Mississippi River. (cler.com)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
  • The presence of examined organic compounds had a negligible effect on the development of algae and their biomass composition. (edu.pl)
  • This genomic analysis underscores the impressive catabolic potential of this bacterial lineage, comprising nearly all of the central ring-cleavage pathways reported so far in bacteria and most of the peripheral pathways involved in channelling of a broad diversity of aromatic compounds. (uai.cl)
  • Sequence alignments of the Thermus thermophilus and E. coli hpaB enzymes show structural similarity to each other and to the oxygenase components of other bacterial two-component monooxygenases for compounds such as phenol and chlorophenol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • Nitroaromatic compounds are present in the environment mainly as industry products. (am-online.org)
  • Most of the nitroaromatic compounds are stable due to considerable resistance to degradation and they persist in the environment for a long time. (am-online.org)
  • In this review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds. (am-online.org)
  • DOM is comprised of a heterogenous mixture of aromatic and aliphatic compounds that can originate from a variety of terrestrial and in situ sources. (uga.edu)
  • Biodegradation is the most viable alternative for numerous health and environmental issues associated with non-biodegradable materials. (intechopen.com)
  • Strains isolated from environmental sources such as soil, rhizosphere, sediment or sludge show a higher content of catabolic genes in their genomes compared with strains isolated from human, animal or plant hosts, but no significant difference is found among Alcaligenaceae, Burkholderiaceae and Comamonadaceae families, indicating that habitat is more of a determinant than phylogenetic origin in shaping aromatic catabolic versatility. (uai.cl)
  • Alexander, M. Rates of Dissolution and Biodegradation of Water-Insoluble Organic Compounds.Application Environmental Microbiology 52 (1986) 290-296. (aljest.net)
  • The redox potential of the various redox couples showed no correlation with the kinetic constants for the various dechlorination steps as determined with a quantitative structure-activity relationship developed for the environmental reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated aromatic compounds, even though both approaches predicted the same pathway. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
  • Rhodococcus strains from the Specialized Collection of Alkanotrophs for biodegradation of aromatic compounds // Molecules. (iegm.ru)
  • 16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
  • The study identified volatilization and adsorption as processes that will take place alongside biodegradation and therefore needed to be accounted for in the assessment of the effects of the clays. (bl.uk)
  • This chapter covers an overview of biodegradation, factors and challenges associated with biodegradation processes, involvement of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodegradation, and biodegradable nanomaterials. (intechopen.com)
  • Both particle and chemical based dispersants serve to limit petroleum accumulation at the ocean surface and accelerate biodegradation processes by increasing the oil-water interfacial area. (confex.com)
  • The effects of the impact of four organic compounds (ascorbic acid, biotin, glucose and sucrose) on ash, protein, fiber, fat and amino acid contents in the freshwater Aegagropila linnaei biomass were examined in 7 and 14 days of cultivations in high concentrations of tested compounds (100 mg L-1). (edu.pl)
  • There were no significant differences in the amino acids composition in the biomass in the presence of organic compounds compared to the test system. (edu.pl)
  • However, the increase in ash content was observed irrespective of the cultivation time in the case of all used organic compounds. (edu.pl)
  • The results suggest that an environment enriched with the test organic compounds had only minimal, or at most short-term, effects on the algal biomass composition. (edu.pl)
  • Dyes usually have complex aromatic molecular structures which make them more stable, resistant to fading, and difficult to biodegrade. (hindawi.com)
  • Besides, many synthetic dyes are chemically stable and resistant to photodegradation and biodegradation [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In water, soil, or sediment, microorganisms may break down the chemicals (a process known as biodegradation). (cdc.gov)
  • Control of Aromatic Waste Air Streams by Soil Bioreactors. (epa.gov)
  • Biodegradation studies using radiolabeled DATS and iso- LAS showed mineralization by indigenous microbial populations in laboratory simulations of aquatic and soil environments. (cler.com)
  • These OATS and iso-LAS biodegradation intermediates continued to mineralize in simulated receiving water and soil environments at rates similar to that of sulfophenyl carboxylate (SPC) intermediates of a standard LAS. (cler.com)
  • In order to better understand the fate of commercial LAS coproducts in the environment, 14C-ring-labeled DATS and iso-LAS model compounds were synthesized and exposed to simulated activated sludge, soil, and receiving water environments. (cler.com)
  • 98% removal, 3-12% ultimate biodegradation and apparent formation of carboxylated biodegradation intermediates that accounted for 88-97% of the original material. (cler.com)
  • Consequently, several workers developed appropriate analytical methods and monitored DATS and DATS biodegradation intermediates (DATSI). (cler.com)
  • They concluded that this fraction was "refractory" and was composed primarily of biodegradation intermediates of DATS and iso-LAS. (cler.com)
  • Furthermore, the effluents coming from activated sludge treatment, which contained biodegradation intermediates, were exposed to simulated receiving water environments, and the fates of the radiolabeled chemicals were measured. (cler.com)
  • After participants identified their "safer" compounds, they learned about the different methods of ecotoxicity data collection and how it's used in an integrated approach to identify chemicals safer to other species. (acs.org)
  • The process of adsorption of aromatic compounds in the crude oil was believed to take place via cation-π interactions. (bl.uk)
  • The studies indicated that glycerol enhances DBT biodegradation via increased RL synthesis and bacterial growth. (cdc.gov)
  • The findings have implications for the enigmatic persistence of dissolved organic matter (escape from biodegradation) and for the lower limits of aromatic compounds required for bacterial growth. (uni-oldenburg.de)
  • Threshold concentrations were observed for several compounds in the in situ microcosm, below which degradation. (sciencebase.gov)
  • Expressive degradations was observed by C18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally. (scielo.br)
  • Expressive degradations was observed by C 18 reversed-phase HPLC, indicating the biodegradation potential of these fungi, showing more advantages than obligate anaerobes to decontaminate the environment when present naturally. (scielo.br)
  • It is expected that the proposed approach will be used to treat recalcitrant halogenated compounds that are not amenable to conventional biological treatment. (njit.edu)
  • UVCB Project Description, UVCB substances Characterisation, chemical representation and modeling.URL address: https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13628/uvcb_modelling_methodology_en.pdf/30ce55e1-e6f5-450e-8b7e-c02ddbf705a5. (aljest.net)
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, derived compounds. (lu.se)
  • Phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the cell wall constituent lignin and the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbene class of compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surfactants are known to modulate the solubility of hydrophobic compounds and improve their transport through bacterial membranes by reducing surface and interfacial tensions thus favoring the desulfurization rate. (researchgate.net)
  • Optimization of precursor conversion and cyclization of the bulky ferulic acid precursor by host metabolic engineering and protein engineering may afford the synthesis of even more structurally diverse stilbene compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, this chapter provides a synopsis of how the involvement of nanotechnology would benefit the process of biodegradation. (intechopen.com)
  • Vikhareva E.V. Selyaninov A.A. Bazhutin G.A. Tyumina E.A. Chromatographic determination of ibuprofen in Rhodococcus culture media and kinetic modeling of its biodegradation process // Journal of Analytical Chemistry. (iegm.ru)
  • The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth other uses for it, in particular lignosulfonates originating from when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon the sulfite pulping process, but the predominant technical lig- source. (lu.se)
  • Research has revealed that mushrooms are effective in the remediation of PAH-contaminated environments due to their unique enzyme systems and ability to break down these compounds into less harmful metabolites. (ommushrooms.com)
  • None of the compounds affected changes in amino acid content in the Aegagropila linnaei biomass. (edu.pl)
  • 50%), and 79-90% ultimate biodegradation (mineralization plus conversion to biomass). (cler.com)
  • It is a petroleum mixture made from distilled alkanes, cycloalkanes (naphthenes), and aromatic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Synthetic aromatic nitrocompounds. (am-online.org)
  • Rumen fluid hydrolyzed synthetic aromatic polyesters with higher amounts of terephthalic acid released from poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) (0.75 and 0.5 mM for polymer powder and film, respectively) and thus exceeded when compared to the hydrolysis of the second terephthalic acid-based polymer-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (0.6 and 0.15 mM, for powder and film, reciprocally). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although bacterial degradation rates were elevated in DOM with a higher terrigenous character, it was the less aromatic DOM that was preferentially degraded. (uga.edu)
  • Kümmerer, K. Modeling and predicting aquatic aerobic biodegradation - a review from a user's perspective. (aljest.net)
  • These colored compounds are not only aesthetically displeasing but also inhibiting sunlight penetration into the stream and affecting aquatic ecosystem. (hindawi.com)
  • 14) demonstrated the complete biode gradability of model iso-LAS compounds in OECD screening and continuous flow activated sludge tests. (cler.com)
  • In this review, the presence and organization of genes encoding oxygenases involved in aromatics biodegradation in 80 Burkholderiales genomes is analysed. (uai.cl)
  • Phenylpropionic acids, such as 4-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, can be efficiently converted to stilbene compounds by recombinant E. coli cells expressing plant biosynthetic genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under an optimum glycerol-to-DBT molar ratio, the DBT biodegradation rate constants increased up to 18-fold and enhanced DBT biodegradation by 25%-30% at day 1 relative to cultivation with DBT alone. (cdc.gov)
  • The correlation between extent of biodegradation and surface area is more robust than that between extent of biodegradation and CEC. (bl.uk)
  • A review of structure-based biodegradation estimation methods. (aljest.net)
  • They found increased biodegradation of DOC when the discharge was high and the DOM composition was more terrigenous in character. (uga.edu)