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Aristolochic AcidsAristolochiaBalkan NephropathyPhenanthrenesDNA AdductsUrologic NeoplasmsUrethral NeoplasmsDrugs, Chinese HerbalHerbal MedicineOchratoxinsPhenindioneEthnopharmacologyCarcinogensChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalNoxaeManducaSerbiaMutagensBenzyl AlcoholsCytochrome P-450 CYP1A2KidneyBiotransformationPhospholipases ACroatiaKidney Diseases
NephropathyAristolochiaProducts containing aCompoundsCarcinogensCarcinogenicToxicityDerivativesAristolochiaceaeExposureIncreasesMutationalMutagenicToxicBirthwortMetabolitesSodiumMutationsHerbalCitricOxidationPotentMolecularRenalNephrotoxinPoisonousHerbsAminoGlutamicArachidonicSpeciesSaltsMoietyBotanicalProximalPlantsVitroLiverBladderNaturalMedicineInflammationCellAcrylic
Nephropathy14
  • A similar condition previously known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), first characterized in the 1950s in southeastern Europe, was later discovered to be also the result of aristolochic acid (AA) consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • CHN and BEN fall under the umbrella of what is now known as aristolochic acid nephropathy, the prevalent symptom of AA poisoning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ingestion of aristolochic acid (AA) is associated with development of urothelial tumors linked with aristolochic acid nephropathy, and is implicated in the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy-associated urothelial tumors. (nel.edu)
  • Thus, the so-called "Balkan nephropathy" (see acute tubulointerstitial nephritis ), a chronic toxic interstitial kidney disease endemic in some regions of Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, is caused by aristolochic acid (Turesky RJ et al. (altmeyers.org)
  • Aristolochic acid is found in contaminated alternative Chinese remedies and was the trigger of the so-called "Chinese herb nephropathy" that occurred in Belgium and Japan, a chronic interstitial nephritis that led to a slowly progressive renal insufficiency (Luciano RL et al. (altmeyers.org)
  • Debelle FD et al (2008) Aristolochic acid nephropathy: a worldwide problem. (altmeyers.org)
  • Luciano RL et al (2015) Aristolochic acid nephropathy: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. (altmeyers.org)
  • 2018) Effects of aristolochic acid I and/or hypokalemia on tubular damage in C57BL/6 rat with aristolochic acid nephropathy. (altmeyers.org)
  • Aristolochic acids (AAs) which exist in plants of the genus Aristolochia are the toxins responsible for aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Recurrent upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) arise in the context of nephropathy linked to exposure to the herbal carcinogen aristolochic acid (AA). (irb.hr)
  • Here we delineated the molecular programs underlying UTUC tumorigenesis in patients from endemic aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) regions in Southern Europe. (irb.hr)
  • The effects of heavy metal ions, phthalates and ochratoxin A on oxidation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid I causing Balkan endemic nephropathy. (nel.edu)
  • Barta F, Levova K, Hodek P, Schmeiser H, Arlt V, Stiborova M. The effects of heavy metal ions, phthalates and ochratoxin A on oxidation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid I causing Balkan endemic nephropathy. (nel.edu)
  • Using this mouse line, we analyzed cell cycle of proximal tubular cells after DNA damage caused by aristolochic acid and cisplatin nephropathy models. (asn-online.org)
Aristolochia8
  • Aristolochic acid poisoning was first diagnosed at a clinic in Brussels, Belgium, when cases of nephritis leading to rapid kidney failure were seen in a group of women who had all taken the same weight-loss supplement, Aristolochia fangchi, which contained aristolochic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristolochic acids are secondary plant compounds, toxic aromatic nitro compounds found in species of the genera Aristolochia (pipe flowers ), Asarum (hazel root), Saruma and Thottea, from the family Aristolochiaceae (Easter lily family). (altmeyers.org)
  • It is an acid first found in the plant Aristolochia and its related plants. (activeherb.com)
  • Aristolochic acids (AAs), derived from aristolochia plant species, are a mixture of structural-related compounds. (edu.hk)
  • This study have a certain significance for better understanding of the toxicity mechanism of action of aristolochic acid Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅱ, as well as for toxicity monitoring of aristolochia plants. (edu.hk)
  • Over 100 years ago, toxicologists discovered the dangerous properties of aristolochic acid, found in the Aristolochia plant family, which includes hundreds of species of birthworts, also known as "Dutchman's pipes," explained USA Today. (yourlawyer.com)
  • 5. Heinrich M, Chan J, Wanke S, Neinhuis C, Simmonds MS. Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2 - a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. (degruyter.com)
  • C 17 H 11 NO 7 , an acid derived from Aristolochia , a genus of flowering plants, and used as an herbal remedy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Products containing a3
  • In Germany, all "human and veterinary medicinal products containing aristolochic acid, including phytotherapeutic and homeopathic medicinal products produced using plants containing aristolochic acid" are considered to be of concern. (altmeyers.org)
  • Aristolochic acids have been shown to cause high rates of bladder or upper urinary tract cancer among individuals with kidney or renal disease who consumed botanical products containing aristolochic acids. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Despite a warning issued in 2001 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that advised consumers to discontinue use of any botanical products containing aristolochic acids, they can still be purchased on the Internet and abroad, and may be found as a contaminant in herbal products used to treat a variety of symptoms and diseases, such as arthritis, gout, and inflammation. (sciencedaily.com)
Compounds3
  • The herbal drug known as aristolochic acid contains a mixture of numerous structurally related nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids generally consisting of two major compounds: aristolochic acid I (AA-I) and aristolochic acid II (AA-II). (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis of these compounds has been of considerable interest due in large part to the inclusion of both an aryl carboxylic acid and an aryl nitro functionality (uncommon in natural products) within their structures, which suggested an apparent biogenetic relationship to the well-known aporphine alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a family of natural compounds with AA I and AA II being known carcinogens , whose bioactivation causes DNA adducts formation. (bvsalud.org)
Carcinogens3
  • Plant-derived aristolochic acids are among the most potent nephrotoxins and carcinogens discovered to date, yet the mechanism of bioactivation in humans remains poorly understood. (jci.org)
  • The industrial chemical formaldehyde and a botanical known as aristolochic acids are listed as known human carcinogens. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In 2009, the U.S. Public Health Service added aristolochic acid to its list of human carcinogens. (yourlawyer.com)
Carcinogenic5
  • Aristolochic acids (English: /əˌrɪstəˈloʊkɪk/) are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic phytochemicals commonly found in the flowering plant family Aristolochiaceae (birthworts). (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristolochic acid has been shown to be nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. (altmeyers.org)
  • Aristolochic acid Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅱ are reported to be the major components that are associated with kidney damage toxicity and carcinogenic mutagenicity toxicity. (edu.hk)
  • According to one report aristolochic acid stimulates white blood cell activity and speeds the healing of wounds, but is also carcinogenic and damaging to the kidneys[254]. (pfaf.org)
  • The plant contains aristolochic acid which, whilst stimulating white blood cell activity and speeding the healing of wounds, is also carcinogenic and damaging to the kidneys[254]. (pfaf.org)
Toxicity3
  • Since the toxicity mechanism of action of Aristolochic acids are still unclear, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method to facilitate these studies. (edu.hk)
  • The results indicated that the production of aristololactams is the main cause of the toxicity of aristolochic acid Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅱ in the metabolism of rat liver microsome S9. (edu.hk)
  • The plant contains aristolochic acid, this has received rather mixed reports on its toxicity. (pfaf.org)
Derivatives2
  • Aristolochic acids are various derivatives of aristolochic acid (molecular formula C17H11NO7). (altmeyers.org)
  • Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia. (activeherb.com)
Aristolochiaceae1
  • The occurrence of aristolochic acids outside the family Aristolochiaceae is not documented in plants. (altmeyers.org)
Exposure2
  • It corresponds to a maximum daily exposure of 3.6 pg Aristolochic acid. (altmeyers.org)
  • 2015) Aristolochic acid exposure in Romania and implications for renal cell carcinoma. (altmeyers.org)
Increases3
  • Another report says that aristolochic acid has anti-cancer properties and can be used in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and that it also increases the cellular immunity and phagocytosis function of the phagocytic cells[176]. (pfaf.org)
  • Conversely, aristolochic acid inhibited [Ca2+]i increases from endothelin-1 but not histamine. (jefferson.edu)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
Mutational1
  • A study reported in the Science Translational Medicine journal in October 2017 reported high incidents of liver cancer in Asia, particularly Taiwan, which bore the "well-defined mutational signature" of aristolochic acids. (wikipedia.org)
Mutagenic1
Toxic3
  • Aristolochic acid I (AAI), the major toxic component of AA, is more toxic than its demethoxylated derivate AAII. (nel.edu)
  • Aristolochic acid is a toxic compound found in some Chinese herbs and may cause kidney failure and cancer. (activeherb.com)
  • Boric acid is toxic and should be used only rarely. (unboundmedicine.com)
Birthwort2
  • Birthwort plants, and the aristolochic acids they contain, were quite common in ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, well-established as an herb there by the fifth century BC. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, they found specific cancerous mutations in a gene called p53 known to arise from the aristolochic acid, a chemical found in birthwort. (newscientist.com)
Metabolites3
  • In this work, a rapid and sensitive method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied for the determination of aristolochic acid Ⅰ, aristolochic acid Ⅱ and their major metabolites in samples from in vitro metabolism studies. (edu.hk)
  • Besides, the fragmentation behaviors of aristolochic acid Ⅰ, aristolochic acid Ⅱ and their metabolites in rat liver microsomes S9 fractions were characterized and summarized. (edu.hk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Research of aristolochic acid I, aristolochic Acid II and their metabolites in rat liver microsomes using HPLC-MS/MS'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (edu.hk)
Sodium1
  • Various preparations contained the sodium salt of aristolochic acid and were used as immunostimulants in infections. (altmeyers.org)
Mutations2
  • Moreover, such changes displayed the typical trait of mutations caused by a chemical named aristolochic acid (AA). (activeherb.com)
  • In a 2007 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences paper, Grollman and his team revealed that the same toxin caused the Balkan and Belgian cases, said USA Today, finding that mutations in certain people matched those of mice poisoned with aristolochic acid. (yourlawyer.com)
Herbal1
  • The Department of Health today (September 8) called on members of the public not to buy or use a proprietary Chinese medicine called "Jie Jie Pills" ( ѵ Y), which contains Aristolochic Acid (AA), a harmful herbal ingredient prohibited in Hong Kong. (gov.hk)
Citric2
  • The screenshot above is described as: Cocktails can have fruit and soft drinks in them which contain citric acids and complex sugars which dry out well and look great photographed. (scienceblogs.com)
  • It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
Oxidation1
Potent1
  • The product contains aristolochic acid, a potent carcinogen and nephrotoxin. (recalls.org)
Molecular1
  • For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system . (pharosproject.net)
Renal3
  • The term renal tubular acidosis (RTA) describes a group of disorders of acid-base homeostasis, in which the primary impairment is the excretion of fixed acid (distal RTA) or the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate (proximal RTA). (bmj.com)
  • Fanconi syndrome is due to dysfunction of the renal proximal tubule resulting in the urinary loss of substances normally reabsorbed by the kidney at this site, such as bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, phosphate, small proteins, and uric acid. (bmj.com)
  • The acid is a known carcinogen, and its use has been associated with and may cause end-stage renal disease and cancers of the urinary tract that may occur many years after usage has stopped. (unboundmedicine.com)
Nephrotoxin1
  • We microfluidically linked a kidney-on-a-chip with a liver-on-a-chip to determine the mechanisms of bioactivation and transport of aristolochic acid I (AA-I), an established nephrotoxin and human carcinogen. (jci.org)
Poisonous1
  • H 3 BO 3 , a white crystalline acid that in water forms a very weak acid solution poisonous to plants and animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
Herbs1
Amino2
  • Al-Salam S, Hameed R, Parvez H, Adeghate E. Diabetes mellitus decreases the expression of calcitonin-gene related peptide, gamma-amino butyric acid and glutamic acid decarboxylase in human pancreatic islet cells. (nel.edu)
  • C 4 H 7 NO 4 , a nonessential amino acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
Glutamic1
Arachidonic2
  • Reports indicate that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced and ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-induced platelet aggregation. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)
Species1
  • Aristolochic acids are a family of acids that occur naturally in some plant species. (sciencedaily.com)
Salts2
  • Salts of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). (pharosproject.net)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
Moiety2
  • Subsequent feeding studies that used (±)‑[4‑14C]-norlaudanosoline also resulted in the formation of 14C‑labeled-AAI, further suggesting that norlaudanosoline and stephanine (11) could have a possible intermediacy in the biosynthesis of AA-I. Degradation studies of the isolated 14C-labeled AA-I demonstrated that the carbon atom at ring position C4 of the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline norlaudanosoline was incorporated exclusively in the carboxylic acid moiety of AAI. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
Botanical2
  • Naturopaths know about aristolochic acid because it is part of our training in botanical medicine. (fundamentalmed.com)
  • Other places featured include Midwest locales at the Cleveland Botanical Garden and Boener Botanical gardens in Milwaukee en route to a trip out west. (botanyeveryday.com)
Proximal1
  • There are four types of RTA: classic distal RTA (type I), proximal RTA (type II), hyperkalemic distal RTA (type IV), and a rare combination of proximal and distal RTA caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors blocking the metabolism of bicarbonate and carbonic acid (type III). (bmj.com)
Plants1
Vitro3
  • Aristolochic acid IVa forms DNA adducts in vitro but is non-genotoxic in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • The incubation samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The obtained results showed that the in vitro metabolic pathways of aristolochic acid Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅱ are different. (edu.hk)
  • Preliminary evidence suggests that the aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves have anti-thrombin activity in vitro experiments. (selfgrowth.com)
Liver1
  • Aristolochic acid Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅱ were incubated with rat liver microsome S9 fractions under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. (edu.hk)
Bladder1
  • The results delineate UTUC-specific miRNA:mRNA networks comprising 89 miRNAs associated with 1,862 target mRNAs, involving deregulation of cell cycle, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage response, DNA repair, bladder cancer, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, chromatin structure regulators and developmental signaling pathways. (irb.hr)
Natural1
  • This document specifies a method for using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the presence of aristolochic acid I in natural products. (iso.org)
Medicine1
Inflammation1
  • Tubules in the center of the field are separated by inflammation and edema, as compared with the more normal architecture in the right lower area (periodic acid-Schiff, 40 X). (medscape.com)
Cell2
  • Consistent with the [Ca2+]i inhibition results, chloroquine abolished the cell stiffening response (contraction) evoked by histamine but not by endothelin-1, while aristolochic acid inhibited cell stiffening from endothelin-1, but not from histamine. (jefferson.edu)
  • C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Acrylic1
  • C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)