• Those which bind phosphorylated tyrosine residues may recruit multi-phosphorylated substrates for the adjacent active domains and are more conserved, while the other class have accumulated several variable amino acid substitutions and have a complete loss of tyrosine binding capability. (embl.de)
  • Arginine methylation is a type of post-translational modification that produces monomethylated or dimethylated arginine residues. (molcells.org)
  • Although it is unclear whether or not increased Smurf2 expression can be directly attributed to lack of methylation of arginine residues, our results suggest that methylation by PRMT1 may regulate Smurf2 stability and control TGF-β signaling. (molcells.org)
  • This protease exhibits trypsin-like substrate specificity, cleaving protein substrates at the carboxyl terminus of lysine or arginine residues. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. (platcovid.com)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The heptapeptide sequence from -3 to +3 that best binds to the pocket is determined by the physicochemical nature of the residues in the catalytic domain that line the pocket and contact the substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both x-ray and MD data provide structural determinants that corroborate the strict substrate specificity of RNase AS to cleave only adenosine residues, due to the structural features of adenine base. (cnr.it)
  • Beside suggesting tRNA as most likely substrate of RNase AS, MD and modelling studies identify key enzyme-ligand interactions, both involving the catalytic site and the double helix region of tRNA, which is locked by interactions with a set of arginine residues. (cnr.it)
  • Histone-arginine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.125, histone protein methylase I, nuclear protein (histone) N-methyltransferase, protein methylase I, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-arginine omega-N-methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-arginine Nomega-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone-Nomega-methyl-arginine The enzyme forms the Nomega-monomethyl- and Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only few substrates of this enzyme are known and therefore its cellular role is not well understood. (embl.de)
  • In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
  • Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. (platcovid.com)
  • Synonymous mutations may lead to changes in protein folding related to translation pausing, RNA splicing, and alterations in enzyme specificity [1]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The described setup and experimental design enable real-time monitoring of substrate turnover in light-activated enzymes on a molecular scale, thus opening the pathway to a deeper understanding of enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we have discovered an intricate interplay between the enzyme adenylate kinase and its substrate ATP. (scilifelab.se)
  • The gene was cloned and its gene product was produced as a His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli to determine the substrate specificity of this enzyme. (springeropen.com)
  • The posttranslational methylation of the α-N-terminal amino group of proteins was first documented over 40 years ago, but the functional significance of this modification has been underexplored relative to lysine and arginine methylation. (nih.gov)
  • Certain very abundant ribosomal proteins can be the sacrificial substrates targeted for degradation at the onset of the downshift. (go.jp)
  • The substrate specificity of SIP proteins has not been studied in detail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serine and arginine-rich (SR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) known as constitutive and alternative splicing regulators. (molcells.org)
  • One such important family of regulatory RBPs is the Serine-Arginine (SR) family of proteins. (molcells.org)
  • Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using ELISA and Western Blot analyses we demonstrated both its high affinity and specificity without any cross-reactivity to other N-glycosylated proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • Having the anti-Arg Rha at hand we were able to visualize endogenously produced rhamnosylated EF-P. Thus, we expect the antibody to be not only important to monitor EF-P rhamnosylation in diverse bacteria but also to identify further rhamnosyl arginine containing proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Investigators have demonstrated other substrates for factor XIIIa, including proteins such as osteopontin, factor V, thrombospondin, vinculin, and endothelial cell receptors α v β 3 integrin and VEGFR-2. (medscape.com)
  • Proteomics profiling of arginine methylation defines PRMT5 substrate specificity. (ieo.it)
  • To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
  • Arginine methylation-dependent reader-writer interplay governs growth control by E2F-1. (embl.de)
  • We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
  • Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
  • Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Thrombin cleaves an arginine-lysine bond in the A subunit and calcium causes dissociation of the B subunit, exposing the active site on the A subunit (XIIIa). (medscape.com)
  • In order to identify novel DSP specificities for synthesis applications, DSPs specific for D-arginine were of special interest due to their potential ability as catalysts for substrate mimetics-mediated peptide and protein ligations. (uni-halle.de)
  • The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on this finding we describe the synthesis of an α-rhamnosylated arginine containing peptide antigen in order to raise the first anti-rhamnosyl arginine specific antibody (anti-Arg Rha ). (cipsm.de)
  • Transport and utilization of arginine and arginine-containing peptides by rat alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • To demonstrate that rat alveolar macrophages (AM) exhibited the PepT1-like transporter for the uptake of arginine (Arg)-containing small peptides and utilized these peptides as direct substrates for nitric oxide (NO) production. (cdc.gov)
  • But, the production of NO by AM using these peptides as substrates was 2-fold higher than using Arg as a substrate. (cdc.gov)
  • Arginine-containing peptides, through the PepT1 transporter system, can serve as direct substrates of iNOS for the production of NO by AM. (cdc.gov)
  • The specific characters of peptides (high bioactivity, high specificity, and low toxicity) have made them attractive therapeutic agents. (intechopen.com)
  • Identification and characterization of new molecular partners for the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). (embl.de)
  • PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
  • Also, we describe the recent literature on substrate recognition and the discovery of potent and selective inhibitors for protein N-terminal methyltransferases. (nih.gov)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
  • Comparison of the structures of the new protein with those recently reported for N-acetyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase indicates that amino acid residue 90 (B. fragilis numbering) plays an important role in conferring substrate specificity for N-succinyl-L-ornithine versus N-acetyl-L-ornithine. (nih.gov)
  • The side chain of an arginine residue was found to be an efficient sensor of the aromatic moiety of ATP through the formation of a strong cation-π interaction. (scilifelab.se)
  • Immediately intracellular to the selectivity filter are an intramembrane loop and an arginine residue, both highly conserved, which constrict the permeation pathway. (rostlab.org)
  • To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™ , six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Assessment of clot stability is the most common screening test for factor XIII deficiency, even though sensitivity and specificity are low. (medscape.com)
  • Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)
  • By monitoring both UV/vis-absorbance and fluorescence signals at the same time it allows to detect two distinct D-amino acid substrate specificities simultaneously and separately with respect to the individual specificities. (uni-halle.de)
  • 1IWD: Proposed Amino Acid Sequence and the 1.63 Angstrom X-ray Crystal Structure of a Plant Cysteine Protease Ervatamin B: Insight into the Structural Basis of its Stability and Substrate Specificity. (rcsb.org)
  • The number of code words for amino acid varies from one for methionine and tryptophan to six for arginine, leucine, and serine. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The assembly of PRMT6 protein network allowed us to formulate functional hypotheses which led to the discovery of new molecular partners for the architectural transcription factor HMGA1a, a known substrate for PRMT6, and to provide evidences for a modulatory role of HMGA1a on the methyltransferase activity of PRMT6. (embl.de)
  • Here, we combine x-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate the specificity and dynamic properties of substrate binding. (cnr.it)
  • A Bacteroides fragilis gene (argF'(bf)), the disruption of which renders the bacterium auxotrophic for arginine, was expressed and its recombinant protein purified and studied. (nih.gov)
  • Insights into the evolution of enzymatic specificity and catalysis: From Asgard archaea to human adenylate kinases. (scilifelab.se)
  • The narrow aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter in MIPs has been shown to provide an important constriction for solute permeability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LPMO action makes the polysaccharide substrate more susceptible to the action of GHs, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the polysaccharide degradation process. (nature.com)
  • Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
  • Unit definition: 1 unit of factor Xa cleaves 50 mg of test substrate to 95% completion in 6 hours or less. (venomsupplies.com)
  • The data provided herein suggest that B. fragilis uses N-succinyl-L-ornithine rather than N-acetyl-L-ornithine for de novo arginine biosynthesis and therefore that this pathway in Bacteroides is different from the canonical arginine biosynthetic pathway of most organisms. (nih.gov)
  • This study contributes to our understanding of the biological roles of LPMOs and provides a foundation for structural and functional comparison of phylogenetically distant LPMOs with similar substrate specificities. (nature.com)
  • b ), structural support of the active site arginine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to possessing identical sequence specificity of cleavage (Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg ) to factor Xa on prothrombin, the macromolecular physiological substrate, notanarin also specifically hydrolyzes a number of factor Xa-specific chromogenic substrates such as CH3SO2-D-leucyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide and N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-(piperidyl)-glycyl-L-arginyl-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride. (venomsupplies.com)
  • Hydrolyzes both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides with a broad-substrate specificity with decreasing activity in the order uridine, xanthosine, inosine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine. (string-db.org)
  • The overall features with specific recognition of the correct substrate and nonproductive binding by the incorrect substrate bear a strong similarity to previous findings for the ATP specific NMP kinase adenylate kinase. (scilifelab.se)
  • Cryo-EM structure of GABA transporter 1 reveals substrate recognition and transport mechanism. (libguides.com)
  • Internal gate mutants of the GABA transporter GAT1 are capable of substrate exchange. (libguides.com)
  • Tanui R, Tao Z, Silverstein N, Kanner B, Grewer C. Electrogenic steps associated with substrate binding to the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1. (libguides.com)
  • Disulfide cross-linking of transport and trimerization domains of a neuronal glutamate transporter restricts the role of the substrate to the gating of the anion conductance. (libguides.com)
  • Substrate-induced rearrangements in glutamate-transporter homologs. (libguides.com)
  • Protein involved in arginine biosynthetic process and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process. (string-db.org)
  • Several substrates were employed in the biochemical characterization of recombinant AXHd3. (megazyme.com)
  • The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. (platcovid.com)
  • 5FMC is a nuclear complex that can only be recruited by Chtop when the latter is arginine-methylated by Prmt1. (embl.de)
  • Transiently expressed Smurf2 was methylated by PRMT1, indicating Smurf2 is a novel substrate of PRMT1. (molcells.org)
  • These findings provide new information on the putative role of succinylated intermediates in arginine biosynthesis and on the evolution of transcarbamylases. (nih.gov)
  • While protease activities toward D-alanine were found in both organisms, a novel and so far unknown D-arginine specific DSP was detected within the culture supernatant of B. thuringiensis. (uni-halle.de)
  • The protease production by this organism was monitored 24 hourly for a period of five days using casein as substrate. (envirobiotechjournals.com)
  • The analysis of the results indicated that the protease could hydrolyze N-Acetyl L-tyrosine ethyl ester but had no detectable activity on Succinyl tri-LAlanyl p-nitroanilide and L-N-BenzoylDZ arginine p-nitroanilide. (envirobiotechjournals.com)
  • Although there are many reports that Smurf2 regulates a variety of cellular processes by targeting diverse substrates, it is still unknown how Smurf2 activity is controlled in a pathophysiological context. (molcells.org)
  • First, it nucleates the activating conformational transition of the ATP binding domain and also affects the specificity in the distant AMP binding domain. (scilifelab.se)
  • While the role of collective protein motions in substrate binding, product release, and regulation of enzymatic activity is generally understood, their roles in catalytic steps per se remain uncertain. (scilifelab.se)
  • Thereby, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role as they use the free amino acids for energy production, regulation of the internal pH, regeneration of co-substrates, and protein biosynthesis (Ardö 2006 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Our results show substrate binding to the dark-adapted RGC and GC alike and reveal differences between the constructs attributable to the regulatory influence of the rhodopsin on the conformation of the binding pocket. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent reports based on proteomic studies have identified many SUMOylated substrates that play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • To identify in an unbiased manner substrates and potential regulators of PRMT6 we have used a yeast two-hybrid approach. (embl.de)
  • The 'stabilizing arginine' [ 3 ] (YE1876: R217) is completely conserved across the PL22 family. (cazypedia.org)
  • Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Substituting the arginine with an alanine significantly increases the rate of K(+) flux. (rostlab.org)
  • ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A previously discovered posttranslational modification strategy - arginine rhamnosylation - is essential for elongation factor P (EF-P) dependent rescue of polyproline stalled ribosomes in clinically relevant species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria meningitidis. (cipsm.de)