• These include phosphorylation (PhosphoScan ® ), ubiquitination (UbiScan ® ), acetylation (AcetylScan ® ), and methylation (MethylScan ® ), among others. (cellsignal.com)
  • Arginine methylation is a prevalent PTM found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. (cellsignal.com)
  • To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
  • Arginine methylation-dependent reader-writer interplay governs growth control by E2F-1. (embl.de)
  • We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
  • Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
  • For example, phosphorylation mainly occurs on a subset of three types of amino acids, including serine (S), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). Methylation is predominantly found on lysine (K) and arginine (R) residues. (deepdyve.com)
  • Histones are vulnerable to various post-translational modifications (PTMs) including but are not limited to, lysine and arginine methylation, lysine acetylation, serine and threonine phosphorylation, and lysine ubiquitination and SUMOylation. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Combining individual-resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) and mass spectrometry, we show that elevated arginine methylation of SRSF5 and lower phosphorylation levels of cobound SRSF2 enhance shuttling of SRSF5 in P19 cells by modulating protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • PRMT1-mediated BRD4 methylation was found to promote BRD4 phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)
  • BRD4 arginine methylation is also associated with TGF-ß signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results indicate that arginine methylation of BRD4 by PRMT1 is involved in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Targeting PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation may provide a novel diagnostic target and an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arginine methylation is a type of post-translational modification that produces monomethylated or dimethylated arginine residues. (molcells.org)
  • Although it is unclear whether or not increased Smurf2 expression can be directly attributed to lack of methylation of arginine residues, our results suggest that methylation by PRMT1 may regulate Smurf2 stability and control TGF-β signaling. (molcells.org)
  • Examples include arginine 3 methylation on histone H4 (H4R3) by PRMT1 and arginine 17 and 26 methylation on histone H3 (H3R17 and H3R26) by PRMT4 [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)
  • These modifications include the covalent attachment of methyl or acetyl groups to lysine and arginine amino acids and the phosphorylation of serine or threonine. (fishersci.com)
  • To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some cases, PLL motifs are part of phosphorylation-dependent switches, where a serine/threonine phosphorylation event creates the negative charge corresponding to the absent Glu at +1. (eu.org)
  • Serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins), a group of proteins that harbor an arginine/serine (RS) domain either at their N' or C' terminus, play crucial roles in a plethora of biological processes such as cell cycle and signaling, developmental pathways, DNA replication and repair, transcription and mRNA splicing. (biologists.com)
  • Of note, phosphorylation of SR proteins mediated by Serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) drive their functionality 1 . (biologists.com)
  • In earlier reports, PRMTs promoted active transcription of target genes by mediating asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histones, resulting in increased acetylation and the subsequent activation of transcription. (e-enm.org)
  • Glycine residues are enriched, especially at the +1 position, in the context of mono-methylated arginine when compared to the overall expected frequency in the human proteome. (cellsignal.com)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) comprise a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to the amino acid arginine or the arginine residues of proteins in eukaryotic species. (e-enm.org)
  • While all three types of PRMTs are capable of catalyzing monomethylation of arginine residues, type I PRMTs can transfer a second methyl group to the monomethylated nitrogen atom of the guanidino group of monomethyl arginine, resulting in the formation of proteins containing one or more asymmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
  • Type II PRMTs transfer a methyl group to the unmodified nitrogen atom of the guanidine group of monomethyl arginine to form proteins with symmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
  • In this work, their analysis found four serines (S212/S214/S227/S229) adjacent to arginine residues, reminiscent of a classic RS domain (fig.b). (biologists.com)
  • In addition, co-expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT)1 and PRMT6 lead to a decrease of heterochromatin clustering. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
  • For instance, the Type I protein arginine methyltransferases are known to methylate a number of proteins that contain an arginine glycine glycine (RGG)-motif [6]. (deepdyve.com)
  • Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) were recently added to the list of enzymes that are critical for regulating transcription in hepatic gluconeogenesis. (e-enm.org)
  • The pie chart shows the relative category distribution of proteins with mono-methylated arginine identified from peptides generated from a MethylScan ® LC-MS/MS experiment of HCT 116 cells using PTMScan ® Mono-Methyl Arginine (mme-RG) Immunoaffinity Beads. (cellsignal.com)
  • Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that NO contributes to L-LTP by stimulating guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which acts in parallel with PKA to increase phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB. (jneurosci.org)
  • PLN interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and regulates calcium uptake, which is modulated by the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of PLN during the fight-or-flight response. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, by adding various kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that the phosphorylation status of rpS3 was regulated by both Lyn and doxorubicin, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn increased drug resistance in cells by upregulating p-glycoprotein translation. (bmbreports.org)
  • Detection of the phosphorylation levels in histone would afford valuable information for better understanding of the pathological process of some diseases, and for the development protein kinase-targeted drug. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The position of helix αC and the lack of a conserved arginine within an equivalent HRD motif suggested that the NleH2 kinase domain's active conformation might not require phosphorylation. (northwestern.edu)
  • After dimerization, the kinase is tagged with a marker called a phosphate group (a cluster of oxygen and phosphorus atoms) in a process called phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phosphorylation turns on (activates) the kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 5FMC is a nuclear complex that can only be recruited by Chtop when the latter is arginine-methylated by Prmt1. (embl.de)
  • Identification and characterization of new molecular partners for the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). (embl.de)
  • PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
  • Arginine and proline metabolism have been found to be controlled by inflammation. (databasefootball.com)
  • In summary, the PM 2.5 exposure caused the metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction by perturbing purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. (databasefootball.com)
  • Arginine and proline metabolism 26 of 317 pathways' ## [1] 'Querying. (tu-dortmund.de)
  • Pathways associated with arginine, proline, and histidine metabolism were negatively associated with depression. (news-medical.net)
  • On the other hand, the conversion of arginine to urea cycle was inhibited, while some metabolites in urea cycle are the precursors of TCA cycle, so the decrease of urea cycle aggravated the reduction of TCA cycle. (databasefootball.com)
  • The logo represents the relative frequency of amino acids in each position surrounding the central methylated arginine residue. (cellsignal.com)
  • L-Arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells. (tamu.edu)
  • Furthermore, SRPK1 and SRPK2 mediated phosphorylation of RNF12 stimulates its ubiquitylation activity in vitro . (biologists.com)
  • Herein, we demonstrated that rpS3 and Lyn interact with each other, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn, causing ribosome heterogeneity, upregulates the translation of p-glycoprotein, which is a gene product of multidrug resistance gene 1. (bmbreports.org)
  • Our structures, combined with the results from other biophysical and biochemical assays, reveal a common disease mechanism: the mutations in PLN reduce its phosphorylation level by changing its conformation and weakening its interactions with PKA. (elifesciences.org)
  • AMPK leads to phosphorylation of the transcription factor Nrf2, tuning transactivation of selected target genes. (imp.ac.at)
  • They also demonstrate that the same SRPK3 mutations dampen RNF12 phosphorylation reiterating SRPK-RNF12 signaling anomalies in intellectual disability disorders. (biologists.com)
  • Activated eNOS converts L-arginine to L-citrulline and increases NO, which diffuses into VSMCs and activates guanylyl cyclase, producing cyclic guanosine monophosphate and activating kinases responsible for vessel relaxation ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Moreover, a C-terminally adjacent autoinhibitory domain (AID) (935-1050) was identified in HIPK2, based on the observation that its removal increases phosphorylation activity 13 . (nature.com)
  • For example, PI3K/Akt-mediated eNOS phosphorylation at Ser 1177 increases the activity of the enzyme and reduces its Ca 2+ dependency ( 9 ) ( Fig. 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition to subcellular location and protein-protein interactions, several phosphorylation and dephosphorylation sites also modulate eNOS activity ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Three mammalian SRPKs - SRPK1, SRPK2, and SRPK3 - relay information between environmental cues and gene expression by regulating SR protein phosphorylation 1,2 . (biologists.com)
  • The Motif Logo was generated from a MethylScan ® LC-MS/MS experiment using 722 nonredundant tryptic peptides derived from human HCT 116 cells immunoprecipitated with PTMScan ® Mono-Methyl Arginine motif [mme-RG] Immunoaffinity Beads. (cellsignal.com)
  • Of the total methylated arginine peptides, 68% contain the [mme-RG] motif. (cellsignal.com)
  • Interestingly, their mutational analysis demonstrates processive phosphorylation of RNF12 from C' to N' direction, a mechanism characteristic of SRPKs 11 . (biologists.com)
  • We found that MeCP2 is (di)methylated on several arginines and that this modification alters heterochromatin organization. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Moreover, phosphorylation of all four serines - harbored in the nuclear localization signal - supports RNF12 nuclear retention in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (biologists.com)
  • The amino acid variation S326C of human OGG1 disrupts Ser-326 phosphorylation site and affects susceptibility to a variety of cancers [9]. (deepdyve.com)