Archaeal viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

An archaeal virus is a virus that infects and replicates in archaea, a domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Some environments, such as acidic hot springs, are almost exclusively populated by archaea, so these environments are highly useful for studying how archaeal viruses interact with their hosts. (wikipedia.org)
Since 1990, "archaeal virus" has been the dominant term when describing viruses that infect archaea. (wikipedia.org)
The majority of viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea display unique virion architectures and are evolutionarily unrelated to viruses of bacteria and eukaryotes. (pasteur.fr)
The lack of relationships to other known viruses suggests that the mechanisms of virus-host interaction in Archaea are also likely to be distinct. (pasteur.fr)
Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA . (nih.gov)
AbstractAsgard archaea have recently been identified as the closest archaeal relatives of eukaryotes. (uibk.ac.at)
We found related viruses in the genomes of diverse prokaryotes from geothermal environments, including other Asgard archaea. (uibk.ac.at)
These viruses open research avenues into the ecology and evolution of Asgard archaea. (uibk.ac.at)
His research group discovered a new group of archaea, the Asgard archaea, providing new, compelling evidence that complex cellular life evolved from an archaeal ancestor that already contained several eukaryotic traits. (wur.nl)
In recent years, the study of eukaryogenesis made a major leap forward thanks to the discovery and exploration of a new phylum of archaea that received the picturesque name Asgard , after the mythical abode of the Nordic gods (all the names of archaeal taxa within Asgard come from particular deities, the first one to be discovered being the mischievous Loki). (springernature.com)
Considering this, we assumed that eukaryotic viruses would have evolved from viruses of archaea. (nih.gov)
In the microbiota analyses, they found alterations in all three domains of life (fungi, archaea, and bacteria), as well as viruses, in relation to the development of colorectal cancer. (who.int)
Guttaviridae is a family of enveloped viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea (Table 1. (ictv.global)
The filtered remaining reads are taxonomically assigned using a proprietary workflow against a microbial genome database containing all complete refseq genomes from viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. (nih.gov)

All known archaeal viruses have genomes made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but some may contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes. (wikipedia.org)
The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. (nature.com)
Here we revisited the use of genomes and their protein content as a means for developing a viral taxonomy for bacterial and archaeal viruses. (nih.gov)
15-) using a local database for identification of all viruses, bacteria and archaeal genomes extracted from the NCBI refseq database (downloaded 15/04/2017). (cdc.gov)
The resulting contigs were scanned against several BLAST ( 12 ) pre-generated databases downloaded from NCBI ( nt , tsa_nt , ref_prok_rep_genomes , ref_viruses_rep_genomes , and vector - downloaded 15/04/2017). (cdc.gov)
2023. A compendium of bacterial and archaeal single-cell amplified genomes from oxygen deficient marine waters. (aquaticmicro.org)
The viromes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes are dramatically different, but nevertheless, the prokaryotic roots of the majority of eukaryotic viruses can be traced by comparison of viral genomes and virion structures. (springernature.com)
Researchers sequenced 61 Zika virus genomes isolated from patients in the region to reconstruct viral movements. (genomeweb.com)

Archaeal viruses were originally referred to as "bacteriophages" or simply "phages", terms shared with bacterial viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Utilizing bacteria, archaebacteria, bacteriophages and other non-virus microorganisms, this initiative will support research projects designed to study the underlying mechanisms of the complex interactions between microorganisms, tumor, and immune system. (phage.directory)
A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by complex contractile tails. (bvsalud.org)
Tailed bacteriophages are the most abundant and diverse viruses in the world, with genome sizes ranging from 10 kbp to over 500 kbp. (ox.ac.uk)
And here came a surprise: we realized that all main types of viruses of eukaryotes apparently originated from viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophages) rather than archaeal viruses. (springernature.com)

The former includes viruses found in the realms Duplodnaviria and Varidnaviria, which likely have ancient origins preceding the LACA, and the latter includes the realm Adnaviria and all archaeal virus families unassigned to higher taxa, which are thought to have more recent origins from non-viral mobile genetic elements such as plasmids. (wikipedia.org)
Total extracted nucleic acid was also tested for the presence of notifiable transboundary ruminant viral pathogens using previously established diagnostic real-time RT-PCR assays for foot-and-mouth disease virus ( 2 ), blue-tongue virus ( 3 ), peste des petits ruminants virus ( 4 ), capripox viruses ( 5 ) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
We then highlight the genomic features of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses and emphasize how structural and functional genomic approaches have shed light into the characterization of viral proteins. (dzumenvis.nic.in)
The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid. (lookformedical.com)
Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. (mdpi.com)
This is the latest in our series of efforts to address the fundamental problems in the evolution of viruses, the previous installments dealing with the origin of viruses , the virome of the LUCA and the logic of virus evolution , that is, what types of genes viruses capture from the hosts and how these genes are adapted for viral functions. (springernature.com)
Sequencing in this manner (i.e., non-targeted) gives us access to all taxonomic sources of DNA fragments in circulation (human, bacterial, fungal, viral, and archaeal) and enables the discovery and downstream employment of complex, multi-analyte diagnostic signatures. (nih.gov)
It has been shown to inhibit the replication of multiple human viruses by producing a molecule called ddhCTP, which acts as a chain terminator for viral RNA polymerase (Gizzi et al. (mdmlab.fr)
All microbial members (bacterial, archaeal, bacteriophage, viral, and fungal) have been included in this baseline dataset and both phylogenetic marker gene sequence [e.g. 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS)] and metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequence data were generated. (nih.gov)

In the first endosymbiosis, a bacterial host engulfed an Asgard archaeon, preventing archaeal viruses from entry owing to a lack of archaeal virus receptors on the external membranes. (nih.gov)
There is now effectively no doubt that the archaeal parent of eukaryotes was an Asgard archaeon. (springernature.com)

To gain insights into archaeal virus-host interactions, we studied the life cycle of the enveloped, ∼2-μm-long Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus (SIFV), a member of the family Lipothrixviridae infecting a hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Saccharolobus islandicus LAL14/1. (pasteur.fr)
To address this problem while accounting for some aspects of eukaryotic biochemistry, a different model has been discussed in the literature, one where a bacterium first engulfed an archaeon and the archaeal membrane was thereby lost, and then a second bacterial endosymbiont became the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)

We compiled an inventory of eukaryotic hosts of all major virus taxa and reconstructed the LECA virome by inferring the origins of these groups of viruses. (nih.gov)
The origin of the LECA virome can be traced back to a small set of bacterial-not archaeal-viruses. (nih.gov)
The authors argue that the virome of the last eukaryotic common ancestor is bacterial, rather than archaeal, providing support for a syntrophic model of eukaryogenesis with two endosymbiosis events. (springernature.com)
Therefore, reconstruction of ancestral life forms can hardly be considered complete without an accompanying reconstruction of the entirety of viruses that infected them, the virome, for short. (springernature.com)
Not unexpectedly, the reconstructed virome of LUCA resembled today's prokaryote viromes, whereas the virome of LECA included the main groups of viruses of eukaryotes. (springernature.com)
My colleagues and I addressed this question by reconstructing a virome (the collection of viruses that infect a given host species) of our two-billion-year-old eukaryotic ancestor. (nih.gov)
First, we found that the virome of our ancestor eukaryotes was nearly as complex as that of modern organisms-it seems that as far as viruses are concerned, not much has changed in two billion years. (nih.gov)

Extreme thermal environments represent a habitat for viruses with remarkable morphological diversity and unique genome contents, many of which have not been described in moderate temperature environments. (dzumenvis.nic.in)
In this study, we used a wide range of complementary methods - including comparative genomics, core genome analysis, and marker gene phylogenetics - to show that the group of Bacillus phage SPO1-related viruses previously classified into the Spounavirinae subfamily, is clearly distinct from other members of the family Myoviridae and its diversity deserves the rank of an autonomous family. (ox.ac.uk)
At least 160 proteins are involved in replicating the human genome, and at least 40 diseases are caused by aberrant DNA replication, 35 by mutations in genes required for DNA replication or repair, 7 by mutations generated during mitochondrial DNA replication, and more than 40 by DNA viruses. (cshlpress.com)
Genome map of Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. (ictv.global)
An updated bacterial and archaeal reference genome collection is available! (nih.gov)

We report the division of the former Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee in two separate Subcommittees, welcome new members, a new Subcommittee Chair and Vice Chair, and give an overview of the new taxa that were proposed in 2020, approved by the Executive Committee and ratifed by vote in 2021. (uwc.ac.za)

In this article, we - the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) - summarise the results of our activities for the period March 2020 - March 2021. (uwc.ac.za)
This prompted us, the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to consider overall reorganization of phage taxonomy. (ox.ac.uk)

indeed, all organisms on earth, from bacteria to amoeba to plants and animals, are infected by multiple, diverse viruses. (nih.gov)
Thanks to a powerful new methodology known as metagenomics-simply put, the sequencing of all DNA or RNA from any environment without growing organisms in the lab-we can now explore the diversity of viruses incomparably better than we possibly could even a decade ago. (nih.gov)
My group has been studying the evolution of viruses for years, and one of the fascinating questions we asked was, if we compare the rapidly expanding diversity of known viruses that infect all kinds of organisms, might it be possible to peer into the distant past and figure out what viruses were infecting our distant ancestors? (nih.gov)
RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses . (wikidoc.org)

Taxonomic classification of archaeal and bacterial viruses is challenging, yet also fundamental for developing a predictive understanding of microbial ecosystems. (nih.gov)
Our finding that eukaryotic viruses evolved from bacterial viruses seems to strongly favor this two-symbioses model for the origin of eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)

Second, we found that all viruses that infect eukaryotes evolved from those that infect bacteria. (nih.gov)
However, this was not the case-the viruses that infect eukaryotes apparently came from bacteria ! (nih.gov)

Since 2000, methods such as metagenomics have identified many novel archaeal viruses, and methods such as cryogenic electron microscopy and gene synteny have helped to better understand their evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)
Studying the infection mechanisms of archaeal viruses can provide insight into the evolutionary history of viruses and help to understand adaptation to extreme environments. (phage.directory)

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection relies on the action of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) membrane proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
7. Mimivirus reveals Mre11/Rad50 fusion proteins with a sporadic distribution in eukaryotes, bacteria, viruses and plasmids. (nih.gov)
We showed that eukaryotic viperin originated from a clade of bacterial and archaeal proteins that protect against phage infection. (mdmlab.fr)

More generally, i.e., as applied to non-phage viruses or other pathogens, see infection . (archaealviruses.org)
a href="mixed_infection.html">mixed infection ' when virus particles of different strains become adsorbed on the same bacterium. (archaealviruses.org)
Dr Simona Pilotto , the lead author of the second study elaborates on her work: The inhibition of RNAP and the resulting attenuation of the transcriptome plays a crucial role in the interaction between viruses and their hosts during infection. (lon.ac.uk)
TFS4 is encoded by the Sulfolobus host and is expressed in response to infection with the Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus (STIV). (lon.ac.uk)

DefenseFinder will facilitate large-scale genomic analysis of antiviral defense systems and the study of host-virus interactions in prokaryotes. (mdmlab.fr)

Archaeal viruses, like their hosts, are found worldwide, including in extreme environments inhospitable to most life such as acidic hot springs, highly saline bodies of water, and at the bottom of the ocean. (wikipedia.org)
How archaeal viruses interact with their hosts and the environment is largely unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Here we define influenza virus dynamics in human hosts through sequencing of 249 specimens from 200 individuals collected over 6290 person-seasons of observation. (elifesciences.org)
Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. (lookformedical.com)
All cellular life forms (with a few explainable exceptions) are hosts to multiple viruses . (springernature.com)
The approach used for the reconstruction of ancestral viromes is simple and straightforward: we map different groups of viruses on the phylogenetic tree of the hosts and construct what is called the most parsimonious scenario of evolution, that is, the shortest sequence of events (in this case, gain or loss of a given virus group) that could generate the observed distribution. (springernature.com)

He is also trying to understand structure-function relationships in complex archaeal lipids. (stanford.edu)

Specifically, 16 multi-kingdom markers, including 11 bacterial, 4 fungal, and 1 archaeal feature, achieved good performance in diagnosing patients with colorectal cancer. (who.int)

Archaeal genetic system and its viruses. (ku.dk)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Despite this, those that have been studied are highly diverse and classified to more than 20 families, many of which show no relation to any other known viruses. (wikipedia.org)

This article is a summary of the activities of the ICTV's Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee for the years 2018 and 2019. (arizona.edu)
Viruses (2018 Jun 6) 10. (nih.gov)

Currently, Ahanjit is working on physical mechanisms of fusion of enveloped viruses with lipid membranes. (stanford.edu)

This is a model for the origin of eukaryotic cells and their viruses. (nih.gov)

His research group has a broad research focus and works on a variety of scientific questions connected to microbial diversity and evolution that cover all Domains of Life, as well as viruses. (wur.nl)

At around the same time as the adoption of archaebacteria as a name, though, archaeal viruses began to be referred to as viruses, not phages. (wikipedia.org)

The first known archaeal virus was described in 1974 and since then, a large diversity of archaeal viruses have been discovered, many possessing unique characteristics not found in other viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Much of the diversity observed in archaeal viruses is their morphology. (wikipedia.org)
Research areas in archaeal virology include gaining a better understanding of their diversity and learning about their means of replication. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the diversity and virion structures of crenarchaeal viruses. (dzumenvis.nic.in)
Spang, A., Caceres, E.F. and Ettema, T.J.G. (2017) Genomic exploration of the diversity, ecology, and evolution of the archaeal domain of life. (wur.nl)
Yet, due to historical reasons, all this diversity is confined to a single virus order - Caudovirales, composed of just four families: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and the newly created Ackermannviridae family. (ox.ac.uk)
And that diversity is nothing short of astonishing: a recent estimate my colleagues and I developed using this methodology suggests that there could be as many as a billion distinct virus species on our planet. (nih.gov)
To do this, we mapped the current diversity of viruses on the evolutionary tree of life, then applied some simple mathematical methods to infer which of them were already present in that distant common ancestor. (nih.gov)

Previously, we demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) immature particles possess a distinct and extensive Gag lattice morphology. (bvsalud.org)

A large portion of the genes encoded by archaeal viruses have no known function or homology to any other genes. (wikipedia.org)

Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium. (lookformedical.com)

For some archaeal viruses in hypersaline environments, the level of salinity can affect infectivity and virus behavior. (wikipedia.org)

Taken together, our findings provide the first 3D organization of HIV-2 immature Gag lattice and important insights into both HIV Gag lattice stabilization and virus maturation. (bvsalud.org)

Growing two long filamentous tails may help an archaeal virus to survive in a hostile environment. (acguanacaste.ac.cr)

We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. (nature.com)
To demonstrate the value of this resource, we used the GEM catalog to perform metagenomic read recruitment across Earth's biomes, identify novel biosynthetic capacity, perform metabolic modeling and predict host-virus linkages. (nature.com)
Our data suggest that positive selection is inefficient at the level of the individual host and that stochastic processes dominate the host-level evolution of influenza viruses. (elifesciences.org)
Viruses whose host is Bacillus. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose host is Staphylococcus. (lookformedical.com)
A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses are thought to be functionally inactive once they are outside and independent of their host cell1. (acguanacaste.ac.cr)

To gain insight into LECA biology and eukaryogenesis-the origin of the eukaryotic cell, which remains poorly understood-we reconstructed the LECA virus repertoire. (nih.gov)

Viruses have played a central role in the evolution and ecology of cellular life since it first arose. (montana.edu)

Two research articles from the ISMB RNAP laboratory published back-to-back in Nature Communications explore and characterise the global control of the archaeal RNAP in two different scenarios. (lon.ac.uk)

Virions of Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1 (A and B) and Sulfolobus newzealandicus droplet-shaped virus (C). Virions were negatively stained (A, C) and embedded in ice (B). Scale bars, 100 nm. (ictv.global)

The evolutionary dynamics of influenza virus ultimately derive from processes that take place within and between infected individuals. (elifesciences.org)
This pseudo-glycoprotein demonstrated a high affinity for hemagglutinin/neuraminidase as well as for the drug-resistant NA mutation on the influenza virus surface due to the cluster effect. (bvsalud.org)

The study of the evolution of viruses is a key task for biomedical researchers. (nih.gov)

A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)

Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1 was isolated from Aeropyrum pernix strain K1, which was discovered in a coastal solfataric vent at Kodakara-Jima Island, Japan. (ictv.global)

In both cases, we found that the ancestral viromes were already highly complex and diverse including representatives from most of the major groups of extant viruses. (springernature.com)
3. Modes of action of the archaeal Mre11/Rad50 DNA-repair complex revealed by fast-scan atomic force microscopy. (nih.gov)
8. Post-translational methylations of the archaeal Mre11:Rad50 complex throughout the DNA damage response. (nih.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms18

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes12

Information Science2

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Archaea15

Genomes8

Bacteriophages5

Viral9

Asgard2

Archaeon2

Virome7

Genome5

Taxa1

Taxonomy2

Organisms4

Bacterial viruses2

Infect2

Evolutionary history2

Proteins4

Infection4

Interactions1

Hosts6

Lipids1

Fungal1

Genetic2

Known viruses1

20182

Mechanisms1

Eukaryotic Cells1

Microbial1

Archaebacteria1

Diversity8

Morphology1

Genes1

Bacterium1

Environments1

Insights1

Tails1

Host8

LECA1

Cellular life1

RNAP1

Virions1

Influenza virus2

Evolution of viruses1

Genus1

Strain1

Complex3