Archaea molecules carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Complex organic molecules like proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides are catabolized to their smaller components or monomers, outside cells. (biologyonline.com)
E) have higher rates of lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins into and out of the lipid rafts. (easynotecards.com)
Polymeric materials such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are primarily hydrolyzed by extracellular, hydrolases, excreted by microbes present in Stage 1 (Fig. 4-1). (fao.org)
As such as proteins, lipids, glycans, nucleic acids, and isoporous ultrafiltration membrane they can apparently combination of that. (2medicalcare.com)

The N- glycosylation is an essential protein modification taking place in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the plasma membranes in archaea. (biomedcentral.com)
All living organisms are traditionally classified into one of three domains of life, namely bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations popularized the opinion according to which the eukaryotes are a chimeric lineage that resulted from the endosymbiosis of the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria within a bona fide archaeon [ 13 , 14 ] or a previous bacterium/archaeon consortium [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In eukaryotes, the synthesis of the oligosaccharide core is mediated by a lipid carrier called dolichol-phosphate (Dol-P) which is located in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
Single-celled microbes include bacteria, archaea, the polyphyletic eukaryotes lumped within the Protista , and some fungi. (oup.com)
Bacteria - called prokaryotes - along with all the "higher organisms" collectively called the eukaryotes use DNA as their primary carrier of genetic information and RNA as an information messenger. (herbs2000.com)

Over 20,000 genome sequences from bacteria and archaea. (bionanotechnology.cl)

For example , large molecules such as polysaccharides , nucleic acids , and proteins are broken down into smaller units such as monosaccharides, nucleotides , and amino acids , respectively . (biologyonline.com)
c) They have ability to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins. (recruitmenttopper.com)

A hydrophobic amino acid content of 60-70% of most MFS members, high alfa-helix content and an inherent symmetry of the proteins with regard to helix kinks and bends provides nonspecific overlapping of residues and probably accounts for the reported similarities. (embl.de)
Membrane lipid bilayers have a hydrophobic interior, which prevents the passage of most polar molecules. (microbiologynotes.org)
Lipid bilayer permits hydrophobic molecules to cross the membrane, which includes steroids hormones, gases only O 2 and CO 2 , small polar uncharged molecules like ethanol and H 2 O, by the means of passive diffusion, whereas charged molecules of any size which includes amino acids and small ions such as H + , Na + , K + , Ca + requires membrane proteins to perform the transport. (microbiologynotes.org)
The novel idea of using the ternary mixed solution first enabled the interaction of the hydrophobic organic solvent molecule with the double helical structure of DNA [11]. (scirp.org)

Contrary to LuxI genes, the receptors of AHLs, LuxR protein and their genes, are highly variable among species. (wikipedia.org)
The concept of genes as carriers of phenotypic information was introduced in the early 19th century by Gregor Mendel, who later demonstrated the properties of genetic inheritance in peas. (addgene.org)
Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)
The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)
While the acceptor protein and oligosaccharyltransferase are the products of single genes, the glycan is a product of a multigene metabolic pathway. (bvsalud.org)
The bacterial transposons belong to the dna transposons and the tn family, which are usually the carrier of additional genes for antibiotic resistance. (web.app)
The obvious next step is to integrate this information and learn how genes, proteins, and/or epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of a disease in context of the system. (rsc.org)
In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)
It provides a very informative, albeit preliminary, glimpse into the expression of genes encoding functionally relevant proteins as potential targets for chemotherapy, and evidence for the presence of a relict plastid. (biomedcentral.com)
The process is used to generate quantities of DNA molecule segments or copies of specific genes. (fullsportpress.net)
Here, we announce and describe the complete genome sequence of P. corrugata RM1-1-4 consisting of a single 6.1 Mb circular chromosome that encodes 5189 protein coding genes and 85 RNA-only encoding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)

In the process of quorum sensing, first the LuxI protein synthesizes an acylated homoserin-lactone molecule which can pass through cell membrane along the gradient through diffusion to the environmental space. (wikipedia.org)
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane proteins represents the largest family of secondary transporters with members from Archaea to Homo sapiens. (embl.de)
Electrons are passed by the carriers to electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondria which then passes them to the other proteins in the electron transport chain. (premiumessays.net)
The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)
Small angle neutron scattering for the study of solubilised membrane proteins. (ibs.fr)
Change of dynamics of raft-model membrane induced by amyloid-beta protein binding. (ibs.fr)
The two dominating classes of membrane proteins which are in charge of the movement of molecules across the bilayer- a transporter, serves as a vehicle to carry specific molecules crossing the bilayer and channels, which forms narrow pore exists as hydrophilic and favors the passage of water and small inorganic ions. (microbiologynotes.org)
Membrane transport is carried out by two major classes of protein - Transporters and channels . (microbiologynotes.org)
To mediate transfer of polar molecules which includes ions, sugar, amino acids across the bilayer, perform by transporters, a specialized membrane protein. (microbiologynotes.org)
The charge present on molecules drives electrical potential difference across the cell membrane. (microbiologynotes.org)
2) Some regions of the plasma membrane, called lipid rafts, have a higher concentration of cholesterol molecules. (easynotecards.com)
4) Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? (easynotecards.com)
A) the integral membrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together. (easynotecards.com)
C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. (easynotecards.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Based on these S-layer proteins, supramolecular assemblies can be constructed which are envisaged for label-free detection systems, as affinity matrix, as anti-allergic immuno-therapeutics, as membrane protein-based screening devices, and as drug targeting and delivery systems. (2medicalcare.com)

According to chemiosmotic hypothesis as proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961, ATP synthesis in the respiring cells results from electrochemical gradient established across the inner mitochondria's membranes through the use of FADH 2 and NADH energy formed from the breakdown of molecules that are rich in energy such as glucose. (premiumessays.net)
Cells have evolved the mechanisms to carry water-soluble molecules and ions across the membranes to perform essential functions like ingesting essential nutrients, excreting metabolic waste products, and regulating intracellular ion concentrations. (microbiologynotes.org)
B) membranes are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins. (easynotecards.com)
C) membranes are a single layer of phospholipids and proteins. (easynotecards.com)
D) membranes consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. (easynotecards.com)
E) membranes consist of a mosaic of polysaccharides and proteins. (easynotecards.com)
Self- endowed with the ability to assemble into a monomolecular assembly can be defined as a "bottom-up" process by which lattice during all stages of cell growth and cell division, they individual molecules (ranging in size up to large polymers) can be considered as the simplest type of biological become spontaneously organized into supramolecular membranes developed in the course of evolution [for review structures. (2medicalcare.com)

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS . (lookformedical.com)
Water 2H and 17O spin relaxation is used to study water dynamics in the hydration layers of two small peptides, two globular proteins and in living cells of two microorganisms. (lu.se)
This distribution comprises a small fraction of protein-specific hydration sites, where water rotation is strongly retarded, and a dominant fraction of generic hydration sites, where water rotation is as fast as in the hydration shells of small peptides. (lu.se)

ATP generation through chemiosmosis takes place in mitochondria, chloroplasts, archaea and bacteria. (premiumessays.net)
Acetyl CoA oxidation in the matrix of mitochondria is combined with reduction of the carrier molecules such as FAD and NAD. (premiumessays.net)
Moving back of the proteins in the mitochondria matrix through ATP synthase offers sufficient energy for the ADP combination with the inorganic phosphate forming ATP. (premiumessays.net)

MINT is a database designed to store functional interactions between biological molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA). (bionanotechnology.cl)
Most relevant, S- layer lattices possess pores identical in size and morphology layers represent the base for very versatile self-assembly in the 2 to 8 nm range, they work as precise molecular sieves systems involving all major species of biological molecules providing sharp cut off levels for the bacterial cell [14]. (2medicalcare.com)

Targets of the quorum quenching are the signal molecules, the biosynthetic machinery of signal molecules, and the regulatory proteins that perceive these signal molecules with the AHL degradation via AHL degrading enzymes and limiting signal accumulation being the main mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Biosynthetic glycoconjugate production requires the coordinated cooperation of three key components within a bacterial cell: a substrate protein, a coupling oligosaccharyltransferase, and a glycan biosynthesis locus. (bvsalud.org)
My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)

Typically, the glycan biosynthesis locus is cloned and transferred en bloc from the native organism to a suitable Escherichia coli strain. (bvsalud.org)

Cells use special transmembrane proteins which carry small water-soluble organic molecules to navigate through the bilayer. (microbiologynotes.org)
As stated above, heterotrophic or organotrophic bacteria require organic molecules to provide their carbon and energy. (web.app)

This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (lookformedical.com)
Enzymes act on molecules, called substrates , whereas the molecule formed in the chemical reaction is known as the product . (biologyonline.com)
Some sequences are similar to those proven to be targets for effective intervention in other protozoan parasites, and include not only proteases, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins, but also those associated with relict plastids, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and methyl erythrithol phosphate pathway components, and those involved in glycan assembly, protein folding/secretion, and parasite-host interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

It shares mechanistic similarities based on the use of polyisoprenol lipid carriers with other glycosylation pathways involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall components (e.g. peptidoglycan and teichoic acids). (biomedcentral.com)

Surface (S)-layer proteins and S-layer fusion proteins incorporating functional sequences, self-assemble into monomolecular lattices on solid supports and on various lipid structures. (2medicalcare.com)

The order of these 4 nucleotides makes up the genetic code and provides the instructions to make every protein within an organism. (addgene.org)
Archaea and bacteria reproduce by binary fission and mitosis (simple chromosomal duplication) into two equivalent daughter cells, but they occasionally undergo the process of conjugation , in which two cells connect and unidirectionally transfer some genetic material. (oup.com)
While DNA is known to carry genetic information from one generation to the next, and proteins are capable of forming three-dimensional structures that catalyze chemical reactions, the function of RNA was perceived as the carrier of the information to code for amino acids in a protein, serve as a scaffold for proteins in the ribosome, and attach amino acids to the growing protein chain during protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)
While RNA serves as the genetic information carrier in some viruses and is used as the sole molecule of heredity in these viruses. (herbs2000.com)

The smaller molecules or the monomers are the absorbable form and are taken up by cells and are further converted to smaller molecules like, the acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), and releasing energy in the process. (biologyonline.com)

Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukaryota . (oup.com)

AHLs are one of the major groups of the autoinducer (AI) molecules which are found primarily in Gram-negative proteobacteria but also in some bacteriodetes, cyanobacteria, and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
Each cell releases low levels of an autoinducer signal molecule that accumulates in the environment, and has tuned signal receptors on the cell surface to monitor autoinducer levels. (oup.com)

The comparison of several polyisoprenol-based glycosylation pathways from the three domains of life shows that most of the implicated proteins belong to a limited number of superfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)

The bilayer is impermeable to ions- It is stated that uncharged non-polar molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse faster as compared to small uncharged polar molecules like water or urea. (microbiologynotes.org)

The transporters are also named as carriers or permeases , it functions by interacting with specific solute, and experience chain of conformational changes for the transfer of bound solute to cross the bilayer. (microbiologynotes.org)

Receives Zn 2+ from the secreted, extracellular zincophore protein, Pra1 for uptake of the metal. (tcdb.org)

Gene cloning involves separation of specific gene or DNA fragments from a donor cell, attaching it to small carrier molecule called vector and then replicating this recombinant vector into a host cell. (fullsportpress.net)

Additionally, 4338 non-redundant protein (i.e. drug target/enzyme/transporter/carrier) sequences are linked to these drug entries. (bionanotechnology.cl)
The analysis of RNA sequences, once a small niche field for a small collection of scientists whose primary emphasis was the structure and function of a few RNA molecules, has grown most significantly with the realizations that 1) RNA is implicated in many more functions within the cell, and 2) the analysis of ribosomal RNA sequences is revealing more about the microbial ecology within all biological and environmental systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Different primary structures (or sequences) can form the same higher-order structure for different RNAs and proteins [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The insertion sequences is are shorter 800 to 1500 bp and do not code for proteins. (web.app)

More than half of all eukaryotic proteins are glycoproteins, and 90 % of those are N- glycosylated [ 33 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis of this data reveals an absolute protein-to-RNA ratio of 10 2 -10 4 for bacterial populations and 10 3 -10 5 for an archaeon, which is more comparable to Eukaryotic representatives' humans and yeast. (nature.com)

metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)

Exploration of the supramolecular interactions involving tris-dipicolinate lanthanide complexes in protein crystals by a combined biostructural, computational and NMR study. (ibs.fr)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
From that we are to coupled sites and inactivated receptors, docking both interactions as viable including climates and used sine download proteins. (evakoch.com)
Structure and bonding: Ionic and covalent bonding, M.O. and V.B. approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridisation, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions. (entrance-exam.net)

Here we report the temporal measurements of absolute RNA and protein levels per gene within a mixed bacterial-archaeal consortium. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)

In order to perform studies of such design and test if previously defined quantitative data about the functioning of microorganisms (i.e., protein-to-RNA ratio) is applicable to real world consortia, we must first sample microbial communities across transition events and employ quantification techniques that are absolute. (nature.com)
provide the microorganisms with a selection advantage byfunctioning as protective coats, molecule and ion traps, andas a structure involved in cell adhesion, surface recognition *Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Nano- or antifouling [5, 11, 12, 15]. (2medicalcare.com)

Protein hydration layers can be described by a power-law distribution of rotational correlation times with an exponent close to 2. (lu.se)
This has been established by experiments on simple model interfaces1,2 and by molecular dynamics simulations.8-10 Given an estimate of the number (nH) of water molecules in the hydration layer, e.g. from a simulation, we can obtain, in an essentially model-free way, the rotational correlation time htHi averaged over all sites in the hydration layer. (lu.se)

It arises by the reaction of acyl carrier proteins react with S-adenosylmethionine. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, it can react with proteins and nucleic acids, causing biological damage to cells and carbonyl stress. (frontiersin.org)

However, the production and exploitation of glycans has lagged behind that of proteins and nucleic acids. (bvsalud.org)

The binding site in Pra1 is in the C-terminal region of this 299 aa protein ( Łoboda and Rowińska-Żyrek 2017 ). (tcdb.org)

Robert Gunsalus, a UCLA professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics, developed an interest in Archaea because of their ability to thrive in harsh environments. (nanowerk.com)

While the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. (nature.com)
For example, when Escherichia coli is grown axenically in steady state, we can expect that each RNA molecule corresponds to 10 2 -10 4 of the matching protein (absolute protein-to-RNA ratio, hereafter referred protein-to-RNA ratio) and the variation in the level of cellular RNA explains ~29% of the variation in the amount of detectable protein 2 . (nature.com)
Techniques in chemistry enable isolation and purification of cellular components, such as DNA, but practically this isolation is only feasible for relatively short DNA molecules. (addgene.org)
In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)

Hexoses and pentoses are generally converted to C 2 and C 3 intermediates and to reduced electron carriers (e.g. (fao.org)

Deciphering the role of large ATP-independent peptidases complexes in extremophilic Archaea . (ibs.fr)

3. Chromosomes, the carriers of DNA, separate into daughter cells during cell division. (pdfroom.com)

In this context, the exploration of temporal interplay between populations with different lifestyles (comprising metabolism, motility, sporulation, etc.) becomes of primary importance to interpret the changes in fundamental quantities in a microbial community, such as the protein-to-RNA ratio that ultimately impacts the overarching community phenotype(s). (nature.com)
Metabolism of molecules that are rich in energy such as glucose produces acetyl CoA as the energy rich intermediate. (premiumessays.net)
The anabolic processes are building processes of the metabolism wherein simple molecules are converted to complex molecules whereas the catabolic process is the breakdown processes wherein complex molecules are broken down into simple molecules along with the release of energy . (biologyonline.com)
Parasitic ecule because it reversibly binds to certain proteins, such as kinetoplastid ﬂagellates represent a rare example of organisms transcription factors and ion channels, and thus modulates their that depend on oxidative metabolism but are heme auxotrophs. (medicinelakex1.com)

Now, using state-of-the-art imaging equipment at the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) at UCLA, he has shown for the first time that a type of Archaea known as Methanosprillum hungatei contains incredibly efficient energy-storage structures. (nanowerk.com)
is a classification of protein structures downloaded from the Protein Data Bank. (bionanotechnology.cl)
And like proteins these higher-order structures catalyze reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
In most prokaryotic organisms S-layers surface layers (S-layers) composed of identical protein- have to be considered as non-conservative structures with the aceous subunits represent unique patterning elements and potential to fulfil a broad spectrum of functions [3, 4, 9]. (2medicalcare.com)

Then, we improved MAGIC to (a) allow rapid installation of glycoengineering component(s), (b) omit the usage of antibiotics, (c) reduce the dependence on protein induction agents. (bvsalud.org)

RNA is used only as a messenger in higher forms of "true" life excluding the viruses , in these forms, the RNA molecules are written using the DNA as the template. (herbs2000.com)
13. Viruses have (AIPMT 2014) (a) DNA enclosed in a protein coat (b) prokaryotic nucleus (c) single chromosome (d) both DNA and RNA. (recruitmenttopper.com)
vConTACT: an iVirus tool to classify double-stranded DNA viruses that infect Archaea and Bacteria. (cdc.gov)

known hemoproteins and does not require heme for electron trans- Most aerobic organisms synthesize heme by a multistep pathway port in the respiratory chain, protection against oxidative stress, or that is conserved in all three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, desaturation of fatty acids. (medicinelakex1.com)

We are generally a effective test among platelets in proteins and isotope capacity hearts with angina system conditions to define for the Indirect teaching clinical oils under Myocardial mechanisms with everything cells of Carboxylic disease and endovascular slow compounds to be whether infection Method is intermediate and is improperly to warm-blooded class function plasma. (seabaygame.com)

An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. (lookformedical.com)

The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)

The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm. (lookformedical.com)

In most archaea, S-layers miniaturization of functional units. (2medicalcare.com)

NMR, water molecules can be monitored selectively in systems of arbitrary complexity and the single-molecule rotational correlation time t can be accurately determined from spin relaxation experiments.7 Provided that solute-water hydrogen exchange is not an issue, 2H NMR can be used in the same way. (lu.se)

The explanation of archaea in chapter 20 includes the deep thermal vent bacteria that were chemosynthesizers and could have been among. (web.app)

Combining NMR and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering in the structural analysis of a ternary protein-RNA complex. (ibs.fr)
SCOPe (Structural Classification of Proteins - extended) is a database developed at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley to extend the development and maintenance of SCOP. (bionanotechnology.cl)

It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION . (lookformedical.com)

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins . (lookformedical.com)

The ecology of protein dynamics. (ibs.fr)

Even the parasitic protists Entamoeba,Trichomonas, and Giardia, which dwell in an anaerobic environ- Heme is a tetrapyrrole molecule that consists of a porphyrin mentanddonotneedhemeforprocessesconnectedtooxidative ring coordinated with the iron molecule. (medicinelakex1.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms42

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes69

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Lipids4

Eukaryotes7

Bacteria and archaea1

Nucleic acids and proteins2

Hydrophobic4

Genes12

Membrane18

Membranes7

Peptides3

Mitochondria3

Biological molecules2

Biosynthetic3

Biosynthesis1

Organic2

Enzymes3

Bacterial cell1

Lipid1

Genetic5

Smaller molecules1

Eukaryota1

Autoinducer2

Pathways1

Ions1

Transporters1

Extracellular1

Recombinant1

Sequences4

Glycoproteins1

Eukaryotic2

Genome1

Interactions4

Gene2

Microorganisms2

Hydration2

React2

Glycans1

20171

Molecular Genetics1

Cellular4

Electron carriers1

Complexes1

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Metabolism4

Structures4

Antibiotics1

Viruses3

Pathway1

Cells1

Experimentally1

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Functional1

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Explanation1

Structural2

Fundamental1

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Anaerobic1