Approaches cytotoxic t cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

With an approach to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy agents against breast cancer treatment, here, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and doxorubicin (Dox), either alone or in combination, in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 and receptor-negative MDA-MB468 human breast carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the outcome of Ph+ ALL patients not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) was characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, a weak response to most chemotherapy combinations, short remission durations, and poor survival rates. (hindawi.com)
Once the process is complete, the NK cells can be transplanted to patients without prior chemotherapy. (biologynews.net)
In this study published in the journal Cell Stem Cell , a team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and MD Anderson Cancer Center combined clinical and laboratory studies to show that a gene called PPM1D, whose function in blood production was unknown, can confer blood cells exposed to the chemotherapy agent cisplatin a survival advantage that might favor the development of leukemia years later. (medicalxpress.com)
However, following exposure to cisplatin and some other chemotherapy drugs, the researchers observed that PPM1D mutants dramatically outcompeted normal cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Taking the results all together, our findings suggest that chemotherapy acts as an evolutionary selection pressure that favors the survival of PPM1D mutant cells because they have better fitness than normal cells and 'win' under this specific type of stress," said Joanne Hsu, a student in the Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/Ph.D.) at Baylor and a member of the Goodell lab. (medicalxpress.com)
So, when a patient receives cisplatin-based chemotherapy, stem cells carrying PPM1D mutations survive better. (medicalxpress.com)
Joanne I. Hsu et al, PPM1D Mutations Drive Clonal Hematopoiesis in Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, Cell Stem Cell (2018). (medicalxpress.com)
Standard chemotherapy, which works by killing cancer cells and some normal cells. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, chemotherapy may damage or kill some normal cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Some newer chemotherapy drugs that better target cancer cells may cause fewer or different side effects. (medlineplus.gov)

We therefore adapted the K562-mb15-41BBL stimulation method to large-scale clinical-grade conditions, generating large numbers of highly cytotoxic NK cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In autoimmune disease, highly cytotoxic T cells that drive disease progression express KLRG1. (businesswire.com)
ABC008 is a first-in-class anti-KLRG1 antibody capable of selectively depleting highly cytotoxic T cells, while sparing naïve, regulatory and central memory T cells. (businesswire.com)
ABC008 has been designed to treat diseases mediated by highly cytotoxic T cells, including the autoimmune muscle disease inclusion body myositis (IBM), T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL), and mature T cell malignancies. (businesswire.com)
Abcuro, based in Newton MA, is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing first-in-class immunotherapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer through precise modulation of highly cytotoxic T and NK cells. (businesswire.com)
CD is an enzyme found in bacteria and fungi that converts nontoxic drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to form the highly cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (brainsciencefoundation.org)

The doctors generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the bone marrow donors. (wikipedia.org)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Recently "natural" bcr-abl breakpoint-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were found in the bone marrow of Ph+ ALL patients treated with imatinib correlating with a better response to this TKI [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Activation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Through CD6 Enhances Killing of Cancer Cells. (bvsalud.org)
CD6, expressed by T-lymphocytes and human NK cells , engages in cell - cell interactions by binding to its ligands CD166 ( ALCAM ) and CD318 (CDCP1). (bvsalud.org)
Tumor -infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes were found in higher proportions and were activated in UMCD6-treated mice compared to controls. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, the CD6-CD318 axis can regulate the activation state of cytotoxic lymphocytes and their positioning within the tumor microenvironment . (bvsalud.org)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)

2011) set about identifying compounds that selectively inhibit tumour growth in RCC cell lines that have FLCN inactivation. (scienceblog.com)
Cell viability assays and cytotoxicity assays also produced consistent results that suggest mithramycin is selectively cytotoxic for UOK FLCN -/- cells over UOK FLCN +/+ cells. (scienceblog.com)
Killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is an immune checkpoint cell surface receptor selectively expressed on late-differentiated effector memory (TEM) and effector (TEMRA) T cells. (businesswire.com)
Our study provides a conceptual basis for future strategies aiming to create functionally distinct T cell populations for adoptive therapies by selectively tuning mechanical input provided by biomaterials-based engineered cell culture systems. (sciencedaily.com)
Hereby, the variants showed to benefit immensely through the addition of an ADAPT by being selectively effective only on HER2-positive cells. (kth.se)
The development of alternative strategies that could selectively target Ph+ ALL cells and synergistically work in combination with TKI may have a crucial impact on disease control and ultimately patients' survival. (hindawi.com)
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use monoclonal antibodies to selectively deliver potent cytotoxic drug to antigen-expressing tumor cells, which has shown clinical success for cancer treatment. (selectbiosciences.com)

To address this concern, our approach was to develop a vaccine that does not induce antibodies but induces only [cytotoxic T cells] that can kill virus-infected cells," explains study author Liang Qiao of Loyola University Chicago in an email to The Scientist . (the-scientist.com)
While it is well understood that doxorubicin activates p53 and induces cell-cycle arrest, we observed that cell-cycle arrest disabled inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members by vincristine. (uni-muenchen.de)

The aim of this paper is to analyse sunitinib malate in vitro ability to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in T24, 5637, and HT1376 human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
Cells defective in repairing (6-4) Py:Py DNA adducts or processing DNA crosslinks are extremely sensitive to S 4 TdR/UVA indicating that these lesions contribute significantly to S 4 TdR/UVA cytotoxicity. (open.ac.uk)
We determined the capacity of the leukemia cell line K562 modified to express a membrane-bound form of interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BB ligand (K562-mb15-41BBL) to generate human NK cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
While A549 cells displayed minimal or no cytotoxic responses following exposure to CNMs, THP-1 cells were more susceptible to cytotoxicity, cellular damage and inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)
Further analysis of these biological responses evaluated using hierarchical clustering approaches was effective in discriminating (dis)-similarities of various CNMs studied and identified potential inflammatory factors contributing to cytotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, increasing leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. (researchsquare.com)
Analysis of tumor -infiltrating immune cells showed that augmentation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity by UMCD6 is due to effects of this antibody on NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells . (bvsalud.org)
Effector CD8 T cells destroy infected cells through Fas-FasL relationships and through perforin and granzyme mediated cytotoxicity (53, 54). (2011globalhealth.org)
The microenvironment of the lung is definitely thought to travel a distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profile relative to cells from SLO, resulting in decreased cytotoxicity (55). (2011globalhealth.org)
The 5-FU produced locally will diffuse through cellular membranes thereby increasing the cytotoxicity to neighboring tumor cells without increasing the risk of harmful systemic effects. (brainsciencefoundation.org)
Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay (cell viability) and Griess reagent (NO release). (bvsalud.org)
The response pattern varied depending on time and type of cell line used for analysis, although the results indicate a higher cytotoxicity for EPH in short-term tests. (bvsalud.org)
In spite of the advantages of the in vitro tests, they are not able to mimic the orchestrated role of cells present inperiradicular region and the long-term cytotoxicity presented by the sealers. (bvsalud.org)
Although the cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers has been extensively investigated, most previous studies have used fibroblast cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
In order to take a new approach to previous in vitro studies on the cytotoxicity of endodontic materials, it would be interesting to evaluate the response of fibroblasts and macrophages, which are cell lines involved in periapical inflammation and repair. (bvsalud.org)

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support basic, translational, and clinical research to improve the understanding of the effector or immunoregulatory potentials of NK cells for HIV prevention, control and/or eradication. (nih.gov)
Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)
Conversely, in cancer, tumor cells expressing ligands that bind to the KLRG1 receptor inhibit effector T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and downregulate anti-tumor immunity. (businesswire.com)
Researchers have engineered a tissue-mimicking hydrogel model to show that more elastic tissues induce T cells to become effector-like T cells with strong tumor-killing potential, while more viscous tissues induce them to become memory-like T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute and Harvard SEAS led by David Mooney engineered a tissue-mimicking hydrogel model to show that more elastic tissues induce T cells to become effector-like T cells with strong tumor-killing potential, while more viscous tissues induce them to become memory-like T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
One way to approach this goal is to better understand how T cells' traits and functions, including their cytotoxic effects on unwanted target cells (effector T cells) or their ability to recall and eliminate them if they show up again (memory T cells), are shaped by the mechanical resistance of the tissues they encounter while infiltrating them. (sciencedaily.com)
these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. (2011globalhealth.org)
CD8 T cells mediate cytotoxic killing of infected cells and secrete anti-viral effector cytokines (36C39). (2011globalhealth.org)
Somewhat paradoxically, airway localized CD8 Trm cells display decreased cytotoxic function relative to effector CD8 T cells from secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). (2011globalhealth.org)
In addition to killing functions, CD8 Trm cells isolated from your lung airways are able to create effector cytokines more rapidly than cells isolated from SLO, generating IFN within two hours of antigen restimulation (54). (2011globalhealth.org)
Therefore, memory CD4 and CD8 T cells focusing on conserved epitopes between viruses can mediate varied, often synergistic antiviral effector functions and provide PDE9-IN-1 safety from illness self-employed of antibody. (2011globalhealth.org)

Identification of type-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to homologous viral proteins in laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1. (jci.org)
Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. (jci.org)
Under the method development working group, this project team is developing a manuscript that provides the tools and assays available to assess either cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) or natural killer (NK) cell function. (hesiglobal.org)

Their therapeutic approach to Epstein-Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative disease has since been extended to Hodgkin disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
This hints at the possibility of a new combined therapeutic approach. (hindawi.com)
These results support the evaluation of cord blood-derived NK cells as a potential immuno-therapeutic approach in acute leukemias. (biologynews.net)
Blocking the action of neurotensin could serve as a unique therapeutic approach for autism. (autismone.org)
Regardless of the therapeutic approach, the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer cells and the complexity of its tumor microenvironment contribute to the emergence of drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
These results confirmed the feasibility of applying the described pipeline for the selection of peptide candidates and generation of therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccine, filling a gap in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and paving the way to translate our pipeline into human therapeutic approach. (elifesciences.org)

With Cliona Rooney, Heslop was the first to demonstrate that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells could be used to eradicate an established malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
Together with other Center for Cell and Gene Therapy doctors, Heslop runs over 20 clinical trials of antigen specific and genetically modified T cells. (wikipedia.org)
The company's proprietary technologies, GLAAS ® and ZVex ® , are engineered to activate the immune system's natural ability to generate and/or expand antigen-specific cytotoxic immune cells to fight cancer and other chronic diseases. (merck.com)

This investigation aims to analyse the in vitro effects of cisplatin and sunitinib malate in isolation and in combination, on one human nonmuscle invasive urinary bladder-cancer cell line (5637) and on two human muscle-invasive urinary bladder-cancer cell lines (T24 and HT1376). (hindawi.com)
The expanded NK cells were significantly more potent than unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated NK cells against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
This enabled them to demonstrate a distinct impact of tissue viscoelasticity on T cell development and function in vitro and in vivo , and to identify a molecular pathway driving the phenomenon. (sciencedaily.com)
In this webinar, Dr. Timothy London, Scientific Director of Molecular Biology at Antibody Analytics will present IndEx-2, an advanced in vitro cell-based platform engineered to modulate the expression of one or two target antigens across a range of biologically relevant levels. (selectscience.net)
After proving these new fusion proteins have similar binding kinetics to the target, as well as comparable enzymatic activities, as their free counterpart, the cytotoxic effects were put to the test in vitro . (kth.se)
We identified one peptide named p190-13 able to induce in vitro peptide-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in Ph+ ALL patients in complete remission during TKIs. (hindawi.com)
In vitro toxicity evaluation of lignin-(un)coated cellulose based nanomaterial s on human A549 and THP-1 cells. (cdc.gov)
We used VES and FBZ, at low concentrations, singly and in combination, to test their inhibitory effects on proliferation of human and mouse prostate cancer cells in vitro. (researchgate.net)
This approach seeks to model cancer immunotherapy in vitro using an innovative microfluidic system. (pasteur.fr)

Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
Using cells expressing viral proteins from the HIV-1 IIIB strain, we performed a detailed characterization of HIV-1-specific CTL response in three laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB. (jci.org)
The evident advantage of these fusion proteins and their competency to be functionally produced in E. coli as well as the possibility to avoid an additional step of conjugation or coupling of affinity proteins to cytotoxic payloads, makes this approach a promising alternative for current procedures and another reason why ESPs are on the rise. (kth.se)
The B cells, for example, tend to spot structural proteins on the surface of the virus, while the T cells home in on nonstructural viral components produced within infected cells. (the-scientist.com)
Cells Resident Memory CD4 and CD8 T Cell Reactions Memory space T cell populations persisting at the site of illness have been shown to mediate safety from illness with PDE9-IN-1 unique subtypes of influenza computer virus by PDE9-IN-1 focusing on viral proteins conserved between viral isolates, a trend termed heterosubtypic immunity (29C35). (2011globalhealth.org)
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) is an excellent source, as these cells can be genetically modified to express proteins/drugs and also have an exceptional migratory or homing ability towards tumors, injury or inflammation. (brainsciencefoundation.org)
Ricin causes toxicity by inhibiting the formation (synthesis) of proteins in the cells of the exposed individual. (cdc.gov)

Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. (intechopen.com)

Natural killer (NK) cells can kill cancer cells in the absence of prior stimulation and hold considerable potential for cell-based therapies targeting human malignancies ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
NEWTON, Mass.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Abcuro, Inc. , a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer through precise modulation of cytotoxic T and NK cells, today announced the successful close of an oversubscribed $155 million Series B financing co-led by Redmile Group and Bain Capital Life Sciences. (businesswire.com)
This new concept could help advance adaptive T cell therapies by producing desired patient-specific T cell populations in the dish that could provide stronger effects when infused back into the same patient. (sciencedaily.com)
The successful campaign of adoptive T cell therapies, a type of immunotherapy in which immune T cells are collected from a patient, enhanced outside of the body, and reinfused back into the same patient, especially against blood cancers is well under way. (sciencedaily.com)
But improving the ability to create patient-specific T cell populations with specific traits and functions could broaden clinicians' repertoire of T cell therapies. (sciencedaily.com)
Receptor expression levels is a critical factor influencing the efficacy and safety of targeted immuno-oncology therapeutics, including immune cell engagers and CAR-T therapies. (selectscience.net)
Therapeutic drug developers with pre-clinical development programs of cell therapies, immune cell engagers, particularly T cell engagers, engineered cell therapies, antibody drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies and bispecific antibodies. (selectscience.net)
Conventional cytotoxic drugs and new therapies target p53, a key regulator of apoptosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
It unlocks novel dimensions by uncovering elusive cell populations and tumor heterogeneities for early detection, unraveling mechanisms of treatment resistance, tailoring therapies to individuals, and illuminating metastasis and cachexia pathways, thereby opening fresh avenues for preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Stem cell-based therapies provide a promising approach for treatment of tumors in humans. (brainsciencefoundation.org)

SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)
risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
MCC is about 30 times less common than melanoma and far less common than basal or squamous cell carcinoma, and the clinical features of MCC are not extremely specific. (medscape.com)

This is a tricky one because 92% of MCC patients are not immune compromised, but those with long-term T-cell dysfunction (organ transplant recipients, autoimmune disease patients receiving immune suppression, HIV patients, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients) are at much higher risk of developing MCC, but they represent less than 10% of all cases. (medscape.com)

This approach has favored identification of group-specific CTL responses and precluded assessment of the extent of type-specific CTL responses directed against HIV-1. (jci.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
Importantly, this comprehensive approach caters to a diverse array of functional readouts, spanning from cytotoxic responses to immune cell activation. (selectscience.net)
Using human A549 and THP-1 cells, we evaluated the biological responses of various CNMs, made out of similar material but with functional and morphological variations. (cdc.gov)
The cytotoxic responses to different root canal sealers vary considerably, depending on the sealer's chemical composition4, namely zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate 9 , glass-ionomer or polymers (i.e., epoxy resins, polydimethylsiloxane and methacrylates). (bvsalud.org)

She is the current President of the Foundation for Accreditation of Cell Therapy and a past President of the American Society of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
Using IDT reagents, a team of Stanford University scientists led by Matthew Porteus, M.D., Ph.D., demonstrated robust results in correcting sickle-cell mutations in bone marrow stem cells, potentiating translation into clinical trials. (genengnews.com)
This finding sparked the question: how do PPM1D mutant cells become dominant when compared to their normal counterparts in the bone marrow? (medicalxpress.com)
hMSC is an ideal candidate and compatible for clinical use as these cells can be harvested by bone marrow aspiration from individual patients without difficulty, processed ex vivo very efficiently, and later transplanted back into the same patients during surgery thereby reducing immunological consequences. (brainsciencefoundation.org)
These include bone marrow cells, hair follicles, and cells in the lining of the mouth and the digestive tract. (medlineplus.gov)

Qualifications and Requirements: Eligible candidates must be currently enrolled in a graduate program (MS or PhD candidates) in immunology, toxicology, pathology or related field (cell biology, biochemistry, biomedical engineering, or similar). (hesiglobal.org)
T cells are also important in mediating protective immunity," says immunologist Sujan Shresta of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who works on Zika and dengue vaccination strategies and has developed her own T cell-boosting vaccine but was not involved in the new study. (the-scientist.com)
The new approaches are including immunology and anti-infective. (selectbiosciences.com)

By integrating IndEx-2 with tools such as the Agilent xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) and NovoCyte Flow Cytometer, and cytokine release measurement protocols, the antigen density thresholds required for the activation of potential immunotherapeutic candidates can be determined. (selectscience.net)

In addition, we designed and screened a panel of gomesin analogues with amino acid modifications that were predicted to influence cell viability. (nature.com)

Another important aspect of BHD research is developing therapeutic treatments for BHD syndrome, and in particular for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (scienceblog.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)

These NK cells demonstrate significant cytotoxic activity against human AML and ALL cell lines and patient leukemia blasts. (biologynews.net)
These observations firstly demonstrate that T cells accumulate around the micro-tumors before attacking them, which may lead to tumor cell killing. (pasteur.fr)
Data from animal models of illness demonstrate enhanced safety afforded by cells resident memory space T cells relative to peripheral T cells, suggesting that localization PDE9-IN-1 of Trm populations is definitely a critical element underlying their protecting potential. (2011globalhealth.org)

We investigated the importance of p53 in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling, via a variety of molecular biological approaches (Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
2013). Cell cycle arrest was induced in tumor cell lines and patient samples in G0, G1 or G2 with cytostatic drugs, phase-specific inhibitors or RNA interference against cyclinB and E. Molecular or biochemical arrest at any point of the cell cycle augmented the rate of apoptosis by TRAIL. (uni-muenchen.de)
However, the molecular characteristics of cytotoxic R-loops are not yet precisely defined. (ens-lyon.fr)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which R-loops drive genome destabilization requires the development of techniques enabling the precise and quantitative genome-wide mapping of R-loops in the different phases of the cell-cycle. (ens-lyon.fr)
The latter is a tool previously developed by Jacopo, 2020, able to identify tumor antigens similar to pathogen antigens in order to exploit molecular mimicry and tumor pathogen cross-reactive T cells in cancer vaccine development. (elifesciences.org)

In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)
Immune Design is a late-stage immunotherapy company employing next-generation in vivo approaches to enable the body's immune system to fight disease. (merck.com)
In the present work we searched for p190-derived breakpoint peptides suitable for a peptide vaccine approach in vivo. (hindawi.com)

Therefore, the conventional analysis methods using the log-rank test and HR estimation may be suboptimal, and development of alternative approaches are critical for the successful development of immunotherapy. (ethz.ch)
Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Given its heterogenicity, its intracranial location and the onset of multidrug resistance mechanisms, new tailored approaches, such as immunotherapy and drug delivery systems, have recently gained increasing interest. (benthamscience.com)

The development of clinically applicable methods to produce large numbers of fully functional NK cells is a critical step to maximize the potential of this approach. (aacrjournals.org)
More importantly, we adapted this system to examine the potential of generating functional cytotoxic T cells (CTL) expressing a melanoma specific T cell receptor. (ca.gov)

Unlike cytotoxic agents, immunotherapies do not attack the cancer cell directly but utilize the immune system to do so. (ethz.ch)
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
Conversely, the innate immune system, including epithelial barriers, the complement system, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells, provides a much more rapid and less specific response to infection. (nih.gov)
KLRG1 is, therefore, a compelling target in immune modulation in both autoimmune diseases and cancer as it enables the precise targeting of clinically relevant cytotoxic T and NK cells, while sparing naïve, central memory and regulatory T cells which are required to maintain normal immune system homeostasis. (businesswire.com)
Because of the way this protein was offered, it was targeted directly to the parts of the cell that process it and offer it to the immune system, triggering a T cell response," she says. (the-scientist.com)
We personally believe this approach is of importance, since viviparity and the "allograft problem" did not emerge AFTER the adaptive immune system, but LONG before, as seen for example with … placental velvet worms. (benthamscience.com)
If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)

Heslop also studies the use of third-party cytotoxic T cells to treat viral infections after transplant. (wikipedia.org)

SCLC, small cell lung cancer. (aacr.org)
There are two broad classes of lung cancers - non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which represents the vast majority of lung tumors, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for less than 20 percent of lung cancers. (aacr.org)
The standard approach for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer treatment is based on a radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. (hindawi.com)
The study was performed on the 5637, T24, and HT1376 urinary bladder-cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
The results that we report here provide rationale and practical platform for clinical testing of expanded and activated NK cells for cell therapy of cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Scientists at Immune Design have established a unique portfolio of approaches to cancer immunization and adjuvant systems designed to enhance the ability of a vaccine to protect against infection, which could meaningfully improve vaccine development," said Dr. Roger M. (merck.com)
Importantly, the phenotypes, functions, and gene expression programs of T cells trained in variations of the system correlated well with those we found in T cells in mechanically distinct tissues from patients with cancer or fibrosis," said Mooney who also is the Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering at SEAS, and leads the Wyss Institute's Immunomaterials Initiative. (sciencedaily.com)
Together, these results suggest a strong possibility of synergistic efficacy of GSE and Dox combination for breast cancer treatment, independent of estrogen receptor status of the cancer cell. (nih.gov)
However, even these patients are at risk of dying from lung cancer (both small and non-small cell types). (cancer.gov)
Researchers from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have found a therapy that effectively kills human leukemia cells in mice using natural killer (NK) cells from umbilical cord blood. (biologynews.net)
Patrick Zweidler-McKay, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of pediatrics from the Children's Cancer Hospital at M. D. Anderson, has shown an effective method for expanding the number of NK cells from a single cord blood unit while retaining the cells' anti-leukemia effects, as presented at the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology annual conference on May 16. (biologynews.net)
Administered alone, FBZ inhibited proliferation faster than VES in both mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines and a synergistic effect between both was also observed. (researchgate.net)
prostate cancer cell lines and a synergistic effect between both was also o bserved. (researchgate.net)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung tumour strongly associated with cigarette smoking, with patients often presenting with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. (ersjournals.com)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignant disease, with the majority of patients presenting with distant metastasis at diagnosis. (ersjournals.com)
Recent data suggest that the tumour, node, metastasis classification traditionally reserved for the staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can also be applied for the staging of SCLC 3 . (ersjournals.com)
in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (ersjournals.com)
However, cancer cells could present resistance to the therapeutic compounds, and these compounds also have adverse effects. (benthamscience.com)
Cycling cells are required for vincristine to kill cancer cells efficiently. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, single-cell sequencing provides unique insights into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer metastasis and cachexia, paving the way for developing novel preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, single-cell sequencing has immense potential in promoting early diagnosis, guiding personalized treatment, and preventing complications of pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Emerging single-cell sequencing technologies will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of the complex biology of pancreatic cancer and pave the way for new directions in its clinical diagnosis and treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Applications of single-cell sequencing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Single-cell sequencing technology transforms the landscape of pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy. (frontiersin.org)
In this study conducted in partnership with the Institut Polytechnique de Paris and Inserm, the scientists created a 3D cancer cell culture which replicates tumor structure more effectively than traditional cultures. (pasteur.fr)
They then introduced cytotoxic T cells in proximity to the cancer cells and monitored their behavior by microscopy. (pasteur.fr)
Corbus' internal development pipeline includes CRB-701, a next generation antibody drug conjugate (ADC) that targets the expression of Nectin-4 on cancer cells to release a cytotoxic payload and CRB-601, an anti-integrin monoclonal antibody which blocks the activation of TGFβ expressed on cancer cells. (wjbf.com)
Two major concerns in cancer therapy are the short half-life, availability or excessive toxicity of the drugs, and the extreme invasiveness of the malignant tumor cells to infiltrate into the surrounding tissue and recur locally near the neurosurgical resection site. (brainsciencefoundation.org)
Besides the isolation and identification of major histocompatibility complex I-restricted peptides from the surface of cancer cells, one of the challenges is eliciting an effective antitumor CD8+ T-cell-mediated response as part of therapeutic cancer vaccine. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we describe for the first time a streamlined pipeline for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines starting from the isolation and selection of the most immunogenic peptide candidates expressed on the tumor cells and ending in the generation of efficient therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccines. (elifesciences.org)
Approach to the patient with cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive, and often fatal neuroendocrine skin cancer. (medscape.com)
Using cytotoxic and antioxidant studies, the study attempted to assess some of the commonly used medicinal plants used to cure cancer among Yoruba people in Ogun, Oyo, Osun, and Lagos (South-West, Nigeria). (who.int)

Daily topical treatment with CWO induced dramatic regression of pre-malignant skin tumors and a two-fold reduction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. (biorxiv.org)
Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
An Institut Pasteur team has developed a microfluidic system to observe individual immune cells and model their interactions with tumors. (pasteur.fr)
This project will study the use genetically modified human mesenchymal stromal cells as a local therapeutic drug delivery vehicle for the targeted delivery and secretion of chemotherapeutic/biologic agents for treatment of brain tumors. (brainsciencefoundation.org)

Targeting the depletion of cytotoxic T cells that express KLRG1 with ABC008 is a novel approach that has generated exciting early data in patients with IBM," said H. Jeffrey Wilkins, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Abcuro. (businesswire.com)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has proven curative for a range of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. (nih.gov)
These infections occur as a consequence of transplant conditioning regimens designed to eliminate not only malignant cells but also host immune cells that might interfere with stem cell engraftment. (nih.gov)
These data are also supportive of using ABC008 in other diseases like T-LGLL in which cytotoxic T cells are pathogenic, and mature T and NK cell lymphomas in which KLRG1 expressing cells are malignant. (businesswire.com)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)
However, investigators evaluating the feasibility of the Surgery for Mesothelioma After Radiation Therapy (SMART) approach for resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma reported that preoperative radiation therapy may improve survival. (medscape.com)

This study clearly highlights that, in addition to the source and characteristics of CNMs, cell type-specific differences in the recognition/uptake of CNMs along with their inherent capability to respond to external stimuli are crucial for assessing the toxicity of CNMs. (cdc.gov)

Early patch-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)
Related articles include Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma . (medscape.com)
Among the changes to CTCL classification were the addition of primary cutaneous acral CD8 + T-cell lymphoma as a new provisional entity. (medscape.com)

Helen Elisabeth Heslop is a physician-scientist from New Zealand whose clinical interests are in hematopoietic stem cell transplants. (wikipedia.org)
Existing approaches have drawbacks, however, and there is a clinical need to develop alternatives offering improved target cell selectivity. (open.ac.uk)
Thus, a number of groups have explored the clinical potential of adoptively transferred virus-specific T cells (VSTs) as an approach to prevent/treat virus-associated complications. (nih.gov)
The current review will highlight recent publications showcasing VST manufacturing technologies and clinical experience with such cells. (nih.gov)
Abcuro will use the proceeds from the financing to complete a Phase 2/3 registrational clinical trial evaluating ABC008, a first-in-class monoclonal antibody targeting killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1), for the treatment of inclusion body myositis (IBM). (businesswire.com)
The Company will also focus on completing a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of ABC008 in T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL), as well as initiating a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in T and NK cell lymphomas. (businesswire.com)
The company is conducting two clinical trials in rare diseases: a Phase 2/3 registrational trial evaluating ABC008 in inclusion body myositis (IBM,) and a Phase 1/2 trial evaluating ABC008 in T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. (businesswire.com)

This indicates a higher rate of apoptosis in cells that lack FLCN. (scienceblog.com)
In quantitative apoptosis studies, GSE and Dox alone and in combination showed comparable apoptotic death of MCF-7 cells, however, a combination of the two was inhibitory to Dox induced apoptosis in MDA-MB468 cells. (nih.gov)
Taken together, our study demonstrated that GO-AgNPs potentially induce oxidative damage to DNA, which result in toxicity and cell apoptosis in caprine fetal fibroblast cell due to an increased generation of ROS. (researchsquare.com)
As described in the literature, wildtype p53 leaded to an increase in intrinsic cell death, whereas different p53 mutations reduced apoptosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
As a next step we studied the influence of cell cycle arrest induced by p53 activation on TRAIL apoptosis sensitivity (Ehrhardt/Wachter et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
The extrinsic apoptosis by TRAIL was increased in senescent tumor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
The impact of the p53 status of tumor cells on extrinsic apoptosis signaling should be considered, especially in the context of therapeutic approaches that aim to restore p53 function to enable cell death. (uni-muenchen.de)

Graft-versus-host disease is a common side effect of patients receiving stem cell transplants, which results when the T cells in the transplanted blood react against the patient's own cells. (biologynews.net)
Therapeutic approaches depend on disease subtype and patient's age, general status, and comorbidities. (dovepress.com)
Merkel cell carcinoma on a patient's sun-exposed forearm. (medscape.com)

She is a professor in the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine and the director of the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital. (wikipedia.org)
She has extensive experience in developing and conducting transplant and cell and gene therapy studies. (wikipedia.org)
While there has been extraordinary progress in recent years, from smoking cessation programs to targeted therapy approaches, much work remains to reduce the burden of this disease. (aacr.org)
1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital. (nih.gov)
Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model. (ca.gov)
This is especially important for the therapy of minimal residual disease and for the prevention of relapse caused by resting tumor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
The results at the conclusion of this project will provide us all the information necessary for a pilot phase I feasibility and safety study for treating brain tumor patients with mesenchymal stem cells that have been engineered to express cytosine deaminase (MSC-CD) followed by 5-FC therapy. (brainsciencefoundation.org)

It is also responsible for inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors receptors, plateletderived growth factor receptors, and stem cell factor receptor [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The result is a transient period of immune compromise when hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at risk of infectious complications associated with both latent (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, BK virus, human herpes virus 6, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus) and community-acquired viruses including adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus. (nih.gov)
In this model, 6 to 8 week old NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) immunocompromised mice receive the thy/liv implant as in the SCID-hu mouse model only to be followed by a second human hematopoietic stem cell transplant (4). (ca.gov)
We have generated a modified version of this model in which we use genetically modified human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) to construct the thy/liv implant followed by injection of transduced autologous hHSC (7, 9). (ca.gov)
However, in 1988, researchers found cord blood to be another source for stem cell transplantation. (biologynews.net)
These immature stem cells were easier to match to patients, especially those from non-Caucasian ethnicities, and could be stored for use as needed. (biologynews.net)
Zweidler-McKay also predicts this type of transplant could be used for adults who have already had a transplant or for those adult and pediatric patients who aren't candidates for other stem cell transplants due to blood counts or illness. (biologynews.net)
75 years old) followed by cytarabine consolidations and/or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). (dovepress.com)

To maximize the induction of a T cell response, Qiao's team also included genetic code that would result in the addition of a degradation signal to NS3. (the-scientist.com)
In our work we discovered that the influence of p53 status on extrinsic cell death induction was much more multifaceted. (uni-muenchen.de)
Furthermore, the induction of cell death caused by these materials, which is associated with the release of proinflammatory mediators, leads to a persistence of periapical inflammatory reaction and increases the time required for wound healing 5 . (bvsalud.org)

When given to mice with aggressive human leukemias, these NK cells reduced the circulating human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells by 60 to 85 percent. (biologynews.net)

Potential drugs were initially identified using the DTP COMPARE algorithm and the NCI-60 panel of 60 cancerous cell lines. (scienceblog.com)
The company intends to use this open label approach to generate data for a potential biological license application and plans to provide an update on the final study design and associated timeline after the ongoing FDA discussions are complete. (biospace.com)
Cord blood is a promising source of natural killer cells because the NK cells have enhanced sensitivity to stimulation, decreased potential to cause graft-versus-host disease and are available from cord banks throughout the country and world," says Zweidler-McKay. (biologynews.net)
Samples of commonly utilized anticancer plants obtained from the chosen areas using physical and virtual oral seminars were studied for physiochemical composition and a possible antioxidant and cytotoxic potential to validate the basis for the use of the selected anticancer plants. (who.int)

There are two arms to the adaptive immune response to a virus: B cells, which recognize the virus outside cells and produce antibodies to bind and neutralize it, and T cells, which detect infected cells via the presentation of viral antigens on the cells' surfaces and promptly kill those cells. (the-scientist.com)
This two-pronged response works well for dealing with all manner of viral invaders, but it seems that while the antibodies created during the first infection are a perfect fit for the original virus, the less-specific interaction with a subsequent, related invader actually helps that virus enter cells. (the-scientist.com)
The team achieved this by creating a DNA-based vaccine that encodes the nonstructural Zika protein NS3, which is known to elicit a strong T cell response in humans and is unlikely to induce antibodies, certainly not ones that could be exploited in future infections. (the-scientist.com)
The team showed that its DNA vaccine was transcribed, translated, and degraded quickly inside cells, that it did not induce detectable anti-NS3 or anti-Zika antibodies in mice, and that it did not enable ADE of cells in culture. (the-scientist.com)
Monoclonal antibodies and T-cell hybridomas : perspectives and technical advances / editors, Günter J. Hämmerling, Ulrich Hämmerling and John F. Kearney. (who.int)

Electroporation of primary T cells with Alt-R RNP complex targeted to alpha chain of the T-cell receptor routinely results in over 80% knockout of surface TCR complex, without detectable toxicity ( Figure ). (genengnews.com)
This was further confirmed in another estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB231 cell line, in which GSE and Dox combination strongly inhibited cell growth but did not show any increase in apoptotic cell death caused by Dox. (nih.gov)
However, signaling through the IFN receptor up-regulated GzmB protein expression in CD8 Trm cells, enhancing killing and control of early viral titers (54). (2011globalhealth.org)

PDI can kill cells after exposure with the appropriate photosensitizer (PS), light of adequate wavelength combined with the presence of oxygen, without inducing resistance. (intechopen.com)

Peptides derived from p190-breakpoint area are leukemia-specific antigens that may mediate an antitumor response toward p190+ leukemia cells. (hindawi.com)
Thus, from an immunologic point of view, peptides derived from p190-breakpoint area are leukemia-specific antigens that may be employed as therapeutic vaccine with the purpose to induce a T cell response toward p190+ leukemia cells. (hindawi.com)
RUNX1-positive leukemia cells in preclinical models. (lu.se)

Neurotensin can activate glial cells that contribute to brain inflammation, has cytotoxic actions on neurons, and increases seizure activity in animal models as well as activating mast cells. (autismone.org)

PLA2G4C Despite this reservoir of cells in the draining lymph node, memory space T cell populations in the LRT are known to undergo attrition over time likely as a consequence of imbalances between local cell death and replenishment by peripheral cells that home to the lung or local proliferation of cells within the LRT, as well as diminishing viral antigen persistence (26C28). (2011globalhealth.org)

This unique approach leads to the possibility of delayed treatment effects, but when successful can deliver long-lasting benefits for treated patients. (ethz.ch)
A large part of BHD research focuses on elucidating the role of folliculin in the cell and understanding the effects of folliculin loss. (scienceblog.com)
While there are numerous approaches to implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, many of them experience a relatively high rate of off-target effects, limiting the system's applicability. (genengnews.com)

Engineered light-dependent switches provide uniquely powerful opportunities to investigate and control cell regulatory mechanisms. (nature.com)

Developing innovative therapeutic approaches can help us to improve survival and quality-of-life for patients with this devastating neoplasm. (brainsciencefoundation.org)

In this study, we report the cell-autonomous antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities exhibited by the spider peptide gomesin (AgGom) and gomesin-like homologue (HiGom) in DFTD cells. (nature.com)
In this setting, we found that the best antileukemia immune response was mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for an HLA class II "size" p210 breakpoint-derived peptide included in the vaccine. (hindawi.com)
p210-breakpoint peptide-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from vaccinated patients were found to be either perforin+ or CD25+/Foxp3+: in both cases they exerted direct cytotoxic activity against a CML cell line [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
8000 peptide targets from the CT26 tumor cell line. (elifesciences.org)

This approach results in the generation of genetically modified lineages. (ca.gov)

As the cord blood is expanded to multiply in number, the NK cells are given a cytokine, interleukin-2, and a target cell, K562, which keep the NK cells active throughout the three week expansion. (biologynews.net)
This could be approached through ADC to deliver the molecules at target site. (selectbiosciences.com)
I am excited that this study shows that there is a need to develop therapeutic approaches to target overactive PPM1D signaling," Donehower said. (medicalxpress.com)
The selection of the target candidates was then based on two separate approaches: RNAseq analysis and HEX software. (elifesciences.org)

The antibody binds to cell-specific markers of infected cells and initiates an intracellular cascade, which interferes with viral reproduction. (medscape.com)

This allowed them to analyze interactions between the two cell populations and perform unique, accurate measurements of cell positions and the spatiotemporal process of immune response. (pasteur.fr)

doxorubicin) or via activation of death receptors on the surface of the cell (eg. (uni-muenchen.de)

Anatomy30

Organisms24

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes49

Information Science3

Health Care2

Chemotherapy11

Highly cytotoxic6

Lymphocytes8

Selectively7

Induces2

Cytotoxicity16

Effector11

Lymphocyte3

Therapeutic approach6

Antigen specific3

Vitro9

Proteins7

Reactive species1

Therapies10

Squamous cell carc5

Autoimmune disease1

Responses6

Bone5

Immunology3

Cytokine release1

Viability1

Renal-cell carc2

Demonstrate3

Molecular5

Vivo3

Immunotherapy4

Functional2

Immune system7

Viral infections1

Cancer33

Tumors4

Depletion1

Malignant5

Characteristics1

Cutaneous3

Clinical7

Apoptosis7

Patient's3

Therapy7

Stem8

Induction3

Aggressive1

Potential4

Antibodies5

Receptor3

Resistance1

Leukemia cells3

Glial1

Proliferation1

Effects3

Regulatory1

Survival1

Peptide4

Genetically modified1

Target4

Antibody1

Populations1

Surface1