Approach chemical fractionation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transient kinetic isotope effects (or fractionation) occur when the reaction leading to isotope fractionation does not follow pure first-order kinetics and therefore isotopic effects cannot be described with the classical equilibrium fractionation equations or with steady-state kinetic fractionation equations (also known as the Rayleigh equation). (wikipedia.org)
In these instances, the general equations for biochemical isotope kinetics (GEBIK) and the general equations for biochemical isotope fractionation (GEBIF) can be used. (wikipedia.org)
There are large discrepancies existing in equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation calculations and experimental investigations for cases related to mineral vs. solution. (gyig.ac.cn)
To clarify this confusing issue, a newly designed clustermodel- based quantum chemistry method, i.e., volume variable cluster model (VVCM), is used to provide equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation factors between Mg-bearing carbonates (calcite, aragonite, dolomite and magnesite), amorphous calcium carbonates (ACCs), brucite and aqueous species (i.e. (gyig.ac.cn)
Equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation factors between brucite and solutions are also predicted. (gyig.ac.cn)
Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation in lipid biosynthesis by Sporosarcina sp. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)
TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation in lipid biosynthesis by Sporosarcina sp. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)
Carbon isotope fractionation between IPLs and glucose showed a positive correlation with bacterial growth pressure, whereas hydrogen isotope fractionation between IPLs and growth water exhibited an inverse correlation with growth pressure, suggesting that fractionation of both carbon and hydrogen isotopes is pressure dependent. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)

The sampler contains two microcentrifuge tubes and a back-up filter to allow aerodynamic size fractionation of airborne particulates. (cdc.gov)
2010. Effect of Size Fractionation on the Toxicity of Amosite and Libby Amphibole Asbestos. (cdc.gov)

Technical lignin has a complex and heterogeneous structure, with arelatively low chemical reactivity. (treesearch.se)
Firstly, lignin was fractionatedusing two approaches: 1) sequential solvent fractionation, and 2) microwaveassistedextraction. (treesearch.se)
The structure-property relationships of the thermosets wereinvestigated by varying several parameters, including the lignin source,fractionation approach, chemical modification, and thiol cross-linker. (treesearch.se)
The measured physicochemical properties will help in proposing potential valorisation routes for these lignin streams within the project scope, focusing on their depolymerisation and subsequent biological conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels. (lu.se)
Green solvents are screened for their ability to solubilise and extract technical lignin streams and different solvents mixtures are selected/designed in accordance towards selective/efficient lignin fractionation methodologies. (lu.se)

The GEBIK and GEBIF equations are the most generalized approach to describe isotopic effects in any chemical, catalytic reaction and biochemical reactions because they can describe isotopic effects in equilibrium reactions, kinetic chemical reactions and kinetic biochemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Describing with accuracy isotopic effects, however, depends also on the specific rate law used to describe the chemical or biochemical reaction that produces isotopic effects. (wikipedia.org)
Normally, regardless of whether a reaction is purely chemical or whether it involves some enzyme of biological nature, the equations used to describe isotopic effects base on first-order kinetics. (wikipedia.org)
This approach systematically leads to isotopic effects that can be described by means of the Rayleigh equation. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, isotopic effects will always be expressed as a constant, hence will not be able to describe isotopic effects in reactions where fractionation and enrichment are variable or inverse during the course of a reaction. (wikipedia.org)
To properly describe isotopic effects in chemical or biochemical reactions, different approaches must be employed such as the use of Michaelis-Menten reaction order (for chemical reactions) or coupled Michaelis-Menten and Monod reaction orders (for biochemical reactions). (wikipedia.org)
When chemical reactions comprise combinations of reactants and products with various isotopic expressions, the stoichiometric coefficients are functions of the isotope substitution number. (wikipedia.org)
Many physical, chemical, and biological processes can lead to isotopic fractionation. (skepchick.org)
Twenty minutes later, you have constrained the chemical and isotopic composition of your sample. (skepchick.org)
Harold Urey's equally seminal contribution was his classic paper "The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances", also published in 1947, in which he calculated the equilibrium separation factors for isotopes of the light elements in chemical reactions and solid-liquid-vapor phase equilibria, based on quantum mechanics and spectroscopic data on isotopic molecules. (balzan.org)
Here, we report for the first time simultaneous quantification of stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionations in lipid biosynthesis by the deep sea gram-positive piezotolerant bacterium Sporosarcina sp. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)

You will be using cutting-edge analytical tools in the omics domain to characterize chemical mixtures and then use these analyses to guide the development of rapid non-animal new approach methodologies for mixture toxicity testing. (iamexpat.nl)
In the environment, bioaccumulation and toxicity of elements are not related to total or dissolved concentrations, but rather to the concentration of specific chemical species. (weebly.com)
Often it is important to establish which chemicals contribute to the toxicity. (zendy.io)
Establishing causality can be difficult and often requires fractionation with subsequent toxicity testing. (zendy.io)
The sample collection and manipulation process can alter chemical bioavailability and toxicity. (zendy.io)
An in situ toxicity identification evaluation (iTIE) chamber is described that was placed in sediments and fractionated pore‐water chemicals into nonpolar chemicals, metals, and ammonia‐type groups. (zendy.io)
The dominant chemical classes were separated by the iTIE method and revealed which fractions contributed to toxicity. (zendy.io)
The loss of toxicity in the TIE approach did not allow for subsequent fractionation and stressor identification. (zendy.io)

Results obtained showed that for FBC the relation between the chemical fractionation and the experimental partitioning is strongly affected by elutriation of particles. (unl.pt)
Alonso-Perez R, Müntener O, Ulmer P (2009) Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids. (springer.com)

Here, we describe protocols for extracting skin lipids from shed skin or whole animals, determining and analyzing the total lipid mass, and separating the lipids using fractionation via column chromatography. (jove.com)

By integrating innovative mode-of-action based biodiagnostic tools including in vitro tests, transgenic organisms and "omics" techniques with powerful fractionation and cutting edge analytical and computational structure elucidation tools, a new generation of effect directed analysis (EDA) approaches will be developed for the identification of toxicants in European surface and drinking waters. (irb.hr)

This energy-efficient method avoids chemical and solvent use, aligning with the project's focus on water-only fractionation processes. (ispt.eu)
Moreover, the mild character of dairy fractionation processes suggests potential for innovative functionalities in plant protein ingredients compared to traditionally processed ingredients. (ispt.eu)
Because whole-rock compositions of subduction zone magmas are the integrated result of processes operating throughout the entire plumbing system, processes such as mixing, homogenisation and magma assembly during shallow storage can overprint the chemical signatures of deeper crustal processes. (springer.com)
Whereas melt inclusions provide an effective way to study the uppermost 10-15 km of the plumbing system, challenges remain in understanding magma intrusion, fractionation and hybridisation processes in the middle to lower crust (15-30 km depth), which commonly involves amphibole crystallisation. (springer.com)

The approach of engineering new sampling devices combined with newer molecular methodologies may help elucidate the contribution that submicron bioaerosol particles make to respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)

This project aims to assess as an integrated approach, the impact of the atmospheric pollution, rainfall, soil and irrigation water on selected crops (e.g. lettuce, artichoke, cabbage, tomato, egg-plant and zucchini) on the crop yield and its chemical contamination load. (weebly.com)
Pavlović, P. Fractionation, mobility and contamination assessment of potentially toxic metals in urban soils in four industrial Serbian cities. (reading.ac.uk)

In food products, the eatable part of the plant will be analysed and the metabolomic approach will be used to assess the enzymatic response to the pollution gradient. (weebly.com)
Chemical and enzymatic fractionation of cell walls from Fucales: insights into the structure of the extracellular matrix of brown algae. (bio-protocol.org)

Theoretical calculation of equilibrium Mg isotope fractionations between minerals and aqueous solutions[J]. Chemical Geology,2018,488:62-75. (gyig.ac.cn)

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has a long tradition of supporting the compilation of chemical data and their evaluation through direct projects, nomenclature and terminology work, and partnerships with international scientific bodies, government agencies, and other organizations. (degruyter.com)
In this first report, we define the general principles of the evaluation of scientific data and describe best practices and approaches to data evaluation in chemistry. (degruyter.com)
Amphibole is an effective probe for deep crustal magmatism worldwide, and this approach offers a new tool to explore the structure and chemistry of arc magmas, including those forming plutonic or cumulate materials that offer no other constraints on melt composition. (springer.com)
2021 11th International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Process (ICCCP 2021) was successfully held virtually during Feb. 25-28, 2021. (icccp.org)
Many features of the pulping‐related model can be applied to specific fractionation chemistry considerations. (jyu.fi)

Three different approaches to investigate the ash behaviour were employed: (1) chemical fractionation analysis to evaluate the association/reactivity of ash forming elements in the fuels as a prediction tool, (2) establishment of elements partitioning in ash streams produced in the combustion and co-combustion trials, and (3) evaluation of enrichment factors of elements in the ash streams. (unl.pt)
The chemical fractionation analysis was applied to all fuels used to evaluate how the association/reactivity of elements making up ash may influence their behaviour during combustion. (unl.pt)
The element enrichment factor estimated for each ash stream, using Al as a reference element, revealed better correlations with the elements reactivity obtained by chemical fractionation because it overcomes particles elutriation effects. (unl.pt)
Nevertheless, it was observed that the reactivity estimated by chemical fractionation could not be solely interpreted as tendency of the elements to volatilize on FBC system, as reaction in bed zone of boiler may also occur retaining reactive elements. (unl.pt)

Coupling radiotracer experiments with chemical fractionation for the estimation of respiratory fluxes. (mpg.de)

The basis of the pyrolysis biorefinery concept presented in this scheme is the fractionation of the pyrolysis oil. (btg-bioliquids.com)
The detailed knowledge on carbohydrates composition at any stage of pulping gives possibility for further development of biorefinery cases based on kraft pulping, such as biofuel and chemicals production. (jyu.fi)

Abstract When sediments are found to be toxic usually there is a mixture of chemicals present. (zendy.io)

The method can be used for automated detection of chemical/post- translational modifications, quality control of experiments and labelling approaches, and to control the modification settings of protein identification tools. (lu.se)

D. is a professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering at Lund University. (lu.se)

ChemProt has recently developed high throughput (HT) chemical proteomics methods which outperform the previous methods for target deconvolution of at least tenfold and decrease by the same factor the time of analysis of the sample amount needed for each biological replicate. (scilifelab.se)
The LC-MS instrument park has been renewed for better supporting the new high throughput chemical proteomics. (scilifelab.se)
Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) Assay, high throughput method based on protein solubility/stability upon thermal treatment, with no need of chemical engineering of compounds (now up to 16-plex, i.e. 16 biological samples in one multiplex analysis) (Gaetani M et al. (scilifelab.se)
In proteomics, high throughput approaches using mass spectrometry have be- come widely used. (lu.se)

Using this method, researchers can obtain a source of chemical signals and then extract them for their quantification or bioassay use in isolation. (jove.com)
The task is accomplished by a series of extraction, fractionation and bioassay steps that aid in the isolation of the unknown toxic agents. (nih.gov)
Food laboratories should strengthen their detection and isolation of microbes, viruses and chemical toxins. (who.int)

Membrane technology does not necessarily involve thermal transitions and can be an effective alternative for molecular fractionation and purification, particularly of systems sensitive to temperature. (nature.com)
Most approaches can be provided with no molecular modification for chemical probe engineering. (scilifelab.se)
Lignins from different sources are depolymerised through different catalytic approaches with the aim of producing low-molecular-mass aromatics that may participate in various microorganisms' metabolisms as well as in other fuels/energy sector applications. (lu.se)

Purification of depolymerised lignins is essential for the application in some products like fuels and fine chemicals. (lu.se)

Fractionation results in various qualities of oil needed for further upgrading into fine chemicals, petrochemicals, automotive fuels and energy. (btg-bioliquids.com)

2017) as an example of how an altered approach to data interpretation may change the conclusions of a study. (cdc.gov)

Quantification of photorespiratory intermediates by mass spectrometry-based approaches. (mpg.de)

Distillation is an important separation process that accounts for 90-95% of all liquid separations and consumes more than 40% of energy in chemical and refining industries. (okstate.edu)
MFMP columns are ubiquitous in various applications of multicomponent distillation, such as crude fractionation, shale gas separation, and air separation. (okstate.edu)
Furthermore, the influences of mass transfer effects to the design of distillation system are explored based on the Maxwell-Stefan mass transfer approach. (ncl.edu.tw)

Since these products are produced in biological systems, they often exhibit a high degree of variability (physical and chemical modifications). (chromatographyonline.com)
ChemProt is also the national unit expert of Chemical Proteomics within the Swedish infrastructure for biological mass spectrometry ( BioMS ). (scilifelab.se)
A logical approach to remedy the situation for low dose research was to conduct well controlled animal studies with hundreds of animals, nevertheless, even after many such studies were completed our understanding of biological basis for risk from low dose radiation exposure is still not conclusive. (cdc.gov)
The most comprehensive collection of chemical and biological modi- fications being relevant to mass spectrometry can be found in UniMod [12]. (lu.se)

Limitations of the iTIE method as compared to the TIE methods were extensive pretest assembly process, fewer phase I fractionation possibilities, and restriction to shallow waters. (zendy.io)

These supplements are notoriously heterogenous in chemical composition owing to the different geographical origins and the lack of regulatory standards for the product. (iamexpat.nl)

The purpose of the processing is to introduce the products into existing material streams in the chemical industry. (lu.se)

Here we present general considerations and approaches to evaluation. (degruyter.com)

In the latter two cases, they can describe both stationary and non-stationary fractionation (i.e., variable and inverse fractionation). (wikipedia.org)

The School of Chemical Engineering trains Masters of Science (Technology) who have the skills and knowledge to work as pacesetters of the fields of biotechnology, chemical technology and material science and technology in various managerial, planning and research duties serving industry or related stakeholders, the scientific community or public sector. (aalto.fi)
Dr. Zheyu Jiang-assistant professor in the School of Chemical Engineering at OSU. (okstate.edu)

These approaches depend on sequence databases that are used by the engines to match real spectra to theoretical in silico spectra. (lu.se)

For consolidation of the topic, the lecture Chemical Ecology (Ruther) and the seminars of the Chemical Ecology Group are highly recommended. (uni-regensburg.de)

To identify drivers of this effect at a hot spot of antiandrogenicity in the German river Holtemme, we applied effect-directed analysis (EDA) including a parallel fractionation approach, a downscaled luciferase reporter gene cell-based anti-AR-CALUX assay and LC-HRMS/MS nontarget screening. (chemaxon.com)
Effect of fractionation. (medscape.com)

The evolution of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry requires effective and less energy-intensive separation technologies. (nature.com)

This approach, termed bioassay-directed chemical analysis can greatly simplify the identification of toxic compounds in complex environmental samples. (nih.gov)
Due to the different physic and chemical characteristics of the studied matrices, the uncertainty of precision was evaluated using R-charts of data obtained from the analysis of duplicates for the majority of samples. (unl.pt)
ChemProt is responsible for the entire Chemical Proteomics technology and also provider of protein structural analysis through HDX-MS. Through BioMS and SciLifeLab we can support your project and cover relevant costs of it by national funding. (scilifelab.se)

Chemical Geology ,488,62-75. (gyig.ac.cn)

Using fractionation profile of potentially toxic elements in soils to investigate their accumulation in Tilia sp. (reading.ac.uk)

Mechanochemical method is an efficient processing method that uses mechanical means to change the structure and physical and chemical properties of objects. (researchgate.net)
Under this approach, any physical and chemical changes in the drug product that have the potential to affect the safety and efficacy are considered critical quality attributes (CQAs). (chromatographyonline.com)
Additives are added to lubricating oils to improve its physical and chemical properties. (cdc.gov)

The phonon-based periodic boundary method is also used for several minerals and it obtains very similar fractionations with VVCM results. (gyig.ac.cn)
The results indicate vertically distributed crystal fractionation, dominated by amphibole at higher pressures and in intermediate melts, and by plagioclase at lower pressures. (springer.com)

This hurdle was overcome by Coutard's recognition of the usefulness of fractionation-that is, dividing the dose into several smaller increments rather than administering a single, massive dose. (medscape.com)

The IUPAC Interdivisional Subcommittee on Critical Evaluation of Data has been established to provide guidance on issues related to the evaluation of chemical data. (degruyter.com)
Other planned papers in this series will provide a glossary of terms related to data evaluation, detailed approaches for evaluation of chemical data, dissemination and data standards, and an outline of strategies chosen in some current IUPAC data evaluation projects. (degruyter.com)
We find that local configuration sampling of aqueous species is essential to provide precise fractionations between mineral and solution. (gyig.ac.cn)
Toxic metal pollution of waters and soils is a major environmental problem, and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solutions. (nature.com)

Substrates and products appear in a chemical reaction with specific stoichiometric coefficients. (wikipedia.org)

2020. Available online: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html (accessed on 11 March 2021). (reading.ac.uk)

Béhar, F. and Vandenbroucke M. (1987) Chemical Modelling of Kerogens. (ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr)

He is one of the core developers of several open-source software packages, including http://ipi-code.org and http://chemiscope.org , and proudly serves the atomistic modeling community as an associate editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics, as a moderator of the physics.chem-ph section of the arXiv, and as an editorial board member of Physical Review Materials. (epfl.ch)
Assembly in 2005 (WHA58.13) expressed its support for "the for fractionation as a source material for plasma full implementation of well-organized, nationally coordinated derived medicinal products. (who.int)

This article is continuation to the modeling work carried out for hot water extraction and chemical pulp bleaching. (jyu.fi)

This year, a total of 17 articles were nominated and selected to be included in the 2022 Futures Issue and were recently honored in the " New Direction in Chemical Engineering Research " session at the 2022 AIChE Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona. (okstate.edu)

Our protocol allows researchers to isolate bioactive signaling molecules used by reptiles in chemical communication. (jove.com)

ChemProt makes use of proteome-wide orthogonal approaches to find out how small molecules work when incubated in cell cultures and in lysates. (scilifelab.se)
These approaches promise to enable researchers to assess, on a large scale, both expression level and functional state of the proteins that carry out most functions in a cell. (lu.se)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science2

Isotope fractionation8

Size fractionation2

Lignin5

Isotopic11

Toxicity8

Experimental2

Lipids1

Elucidation1

Processes4

Methodologies1

Contamination2

Enzymatic2

Equilibrium1

Chemistry5

Reactivity4

Estimation1

Biorefinery2

Sediments1

Experiments1

Department of Chemical Engineering1

High throughput4

Isolation3

Molecular3

Purification1

Fuels1

20171

Quantification1

Distillation3

Biological4

Shallow1

Composition1

Streams1

Considerations1

Inverse1

School of Chemical Engineering2

Depend1

Ecology1

Effect2

Separation1

Analysis3

Geology1

Investigate1

Physical and chemical3

Results2

Dose1

Provide4

Reaction1

20181

Modelling1

Source2

Water1

20221

Bioactive1

Cell2