• Polysiloxanes refer to a wide spectrum of fluids, resins, or elastomers formed from siloxane polymerization. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • and siloxane resins with reactive functional groups (Xie et al . (ncsu.edu)
  • The invention also relates to coating compositions containing the resins. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Electrolube's SCC3 range of conformal coatings are polyurethane base resins modified with silicone to enhance the high temperature properties of the resin. (electrolube.com.au)
  • According to their areas of application, silicones can be classified as fluids, resins or rubber grades. (wacker.com)
  • It is based on acryl-siloxane resins in aqueous emulsion and inorganic pigments. (viero.co.uk)
  • Raincheck LS is a colourless water-repellent for limestone based on UV resistant silane-siloxane resins. (diy.com)
  • Siloxane is increasingly used in paints & coatings, rubber & plastics, adhesives & sealants and fiber treatment activities. (news8.de)
  • They are also used in the production of composites, coatings, and adhesives. (betelychina.com)
  • They must be fully removed before the application of epoxy coatings, tile adhesives, or other penetrating sealers. (concreteconstruction.net)
  • In the construction sector, there are new opportunities for silane -modified hybrid polymers, e.g. as sealants and adhesives, and in wear-resistant protective coatings for concrete floors. (wacker.com)
  • WACKER bolstered its silicone business in China in 2022 and acquired a 60-percent stake in specialty silane manufacturer SICO Performance Material (Shandong) Co., Ltd. Organofunctional silanes are important ingredients in high-performance adhesives and sealants, as well as in coatings and composites. (wacker.com)
  • Coatings with a hydrophobic (EU) or superhydrophobic surface can provide a variety of benefits to the substrate and coating surface to which they are applied. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • AGCs are one of the elementary classes of coating materials, creating a barrier layer between substrate and graffiti, preventing the penetration of graffiti into the substrate and helping easy graffiti removal. (european-coatings.com)
  • Coupling agents are additives used to improve the adhesion between two materials, such as a substrate and a coating. (betelychina.com)
  • BTL's coupling agents are designed to increase adhesion between the substrate and coating, enhance the mechanical properties of the coating, improve the abrasion resistance, and reduce the risk of blistering and peeling. (betelychina.com)
  • Even when bonding a particular elastomer, the adhesive of choice can vary depending upon the compounding of the rubber including the cure system, the environmental application of the bonded assembly, the substrate to which the rubber is going to be bonded, the moulding method and the geometry of the part. (chemtec.org)
  • Coating can provide one or more protective layers for the underlying substrate and can also have an aesthetically pleasing value. (justia.com)
  • In silicone chemistry both tin and titanium compounds catalyze condensation-cure for alkoxy and oxime terminated RTVs (room temperature vulcanizates) generating coatings that are very robust, and resistant both to substrate inhibition and catalyst poisoning. (gelest.com)
  • It is always strongly suggested to do a mock-up test application on a small surface in order to observe the substrate colour stability. (winklerchimica.com)
  • Hydrophobic coatings refer to a tendency to reject water or not mix with it. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Many consumer products use hydrophobic coatings to increase water repellant, water filtering, moisture detection, and corrosion protection. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • The global hydrophobic coating market size is expected to grow from $1.74 billion in 2022 to $1.86 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.73% . (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • The global hydrophobic coating market size is expected to reach $2.49 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 7.62% . (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • An increase in vehicle production is expected to propel the growth of the hydrophobic coating market going forward. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Hydrophobic coatings are applied to the glass, paint, and other exterior components of a vehicle to make them more resistant to water, it forms a hydrophobic shield, causing water droplets to bead up and roll off the surface of the automobile. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Therefore, an increase in vehicle production is driving the growth of the hydrophobic coatings market going forward. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Armor SX5000 - Solvent Based Silane Siloxane Penetrating Concrete and Masonry Sealer. (albergueturisticomiramolin.es)
  • The SEA-SPEED V 10 X ULTRA CLEAR is a thin film Silane-Siloxane clear coat that is ideal for racing sail & powerboats or your daily runabout or mega yachts. (sea-speed.com)
  • The silicone network is at a chemically anionic equilibrium, Zheng explained of the term, where the reactive center will cleave and reform a covalent siloxane bond. (phys.org)
  • Polymer coated textile industry, being parallel to the developments in the textile research, is so dynamic that, today, applications like reactive coatings with nanoparticles (with self-cleaning, self-sterilizing surfaces), systems with conductive polymer coatings to provide EM shielding, electronic textile systems -with body monitoring properties-, environmental responsive systems etc. are already somewhat classical and are considered almost left in the shade of incoming new developments. (chemtec.org)
  • It contains amino-functional siloxanes and reactive polymers that adhere strongly to your car's paintwork, creating a semi-permanent protective coating on exterior paintwork and colour co-ordinated plastics. (imocarwash.com)
  • BTL also offers specialized products for specific applications, such as making coatings and sealants more effective. (betelychina.com)
  • Description: Acrolon™ 218 HS acrylic polyurethane is a low VOC, polyester modified, aliphatic, acrylic polyurethane formulated specifically for in-shop applications. (globalspec.com)
  • Description: HI-SOLIDS POLYURETHANE HS is a two-component, low VOC, aliphatic, acrylic polyurethane resin coating. (globalspec.com)
  • In contrast to acrylics, polyurethane coatings offer excellent chemical resistance and superior protection in harsh environments. (electrolube.com.au)
  • Valves of different thicknesses were fabricated via dip-coating with siloxane-based polyurethane and tested in a pulse duplicator for their hydrodynamic function. (bvsalud.org)
  • In January 2023, the UniNATURE Water-Oil Barrier OPV became the first coating solution of its kind to be certified for successfully adding a barrier against grease and liquid to paper plates intended for direct food contact. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • It can be applied over all types of VIERO synthetic or natural based paints or coatings, with a maximum grain size of 1.2 mm. (viero.co.uk)
  • HIDROSAN FONDO is a wall fixative, based on siloxane binder in water dispersion, indicated for the preparation of substrates before the application of finish based on siloxane paints or coatings. (abcpaints.it)
  • BTL's coupling agents are typically used to improve the adhesion of light-colored coatings, such as clear coatings, to a wide range of substrates, including wood, metal, and plastic. (betelychina.com)
  • The present disclosure is directed to a waterborne coating composition having neutral pH that is low foaming and forms dry coating layer that has high hardness and high gloss. (justia.com)
  • The coatings are typically formed from coating compositions which can be solvent borne or waterborne. (justia.com)
  • Waterborne coating compositions are desirable due to their low VOC contents. (justia.com)
  • However, waterborne coating compositions can have limitations in terms of storage, processing and handling. (justia.com)
  • There are continuing needs for improved waterborne coating compositions. (justia.com)
  • DEE FO® PG-2 by Munzing is a moderately emulsifiable, high-efficiency, 3-dimensional siloxane compound defoamer for aqueous systems. (specialchem.com)
  • DEE FO® SC-76 by Munzing is a highly efficient siloxane type, moderately emulsifiable, defoamer for aqueous systems. (specialchem.com)
  • Similarly, other penetrating chemistries, such as silanes and siloxanes (two sides of the same coin) also do not cure concrete. (concreteconstruction.net)
  • Silanes are used as monomers for the synthesis of siloxanes or sold directly as reagents or raw materials. (wacker.com)
  • Hydrosilylation occupies a prominent place in organosilicon chemistry, as it allows the attachment of a wide variety of functional groups to silanes or siloxanes. (gelest.com)
  • The present work demonstrates the possibility to use EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) for investigation of the self-healing properties of protective coatings applied on a metal surface. (ua.pt)
  • However, there is a significant lack of experimental protocols, which can be routinely used to reveal the self-healing ability and to study the active corrosion protection properties of organic and hybrid coatings. (ua.pt)
  • Other existing approaches include inserting a biocompatible, polymeric inner tube inside a metallic outer tube and coating the metal tubing with liquid-phase organic layers. (justia.com)
  • 14. The coating composition of claim 13, further comprising one or more curing agents, optionally other glycidyl carbamate-functional compounds, optionally one or more organic solvents, and optionally one or more coating additives. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Utilizing the new copolymer in an antimicrobial coating application offers the advantage that no organic solvent is required when preparing a coating bath for textile materials because copolymer is adequately soluble in water whereas most siloxanes are only soluble in organic solvent. (auburn.edu)
  • Due to the increasing demand for organic cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, the global sales of the market for siloxanes are expected to increase. (news8.de)
  • Solvent borne coating compositions typically contain volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are compounds of carbon, which can emit into atmosphere and participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions. (justia.com)
  • 17. The coating composition of claim 13, wherein n is 0 in the resin. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • they have a specific characteristic (they break down due to UV exposure) that is valuable for specific applications (i.e., when you want to cure concrete without leaving a residual resin barrier to subsequent application of penetrating treatments or polymer coatings). (concreteconstruction.net)
  • In our electronics focus field, we developed not only printable elastic electrode materials made from silicone for use in sensors, but also resin-filled, optically transparent silicone systems for optical bonding applications. (wacker.com)
  • Rather than polymerization, the alkene group can undergo a hydrosilylation reaction with siloxanes in the presence of chloroplatinic acid as catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • BYK also produces VOC-free, tin-free, aromatic-free, low cyclic siloxanes and biocide-free additives. (byk.com)
  • Nanotechnology is related to the controlled design, characterization, production and application of nano-sized materials, which are defined as small particles ranging in size between 1 and 100 nm. (researchsquare.com)
  • The use of hybrid polymers in AGCs containing silane or siloxane and fluoropolymers-based compounds with effective anti-graffiti (AG) properties is an introductory class in the future AGC market. (european-coatings.com)
  • Polyesters produced by using organotin compounds are used as binders for formulating coatings for industrial use, or when modified with fatty acids they are used as binders for air drying coatings for decorative and protective applications. (gelest.com)
  • It can be developed into self-healing coatings on auto vehicles or countertops, she said. (phys.org)
  • The group is currently working on complementary areas, including the development of micro and nanorecipients for encapsulation of corrosion inhibitors, to provide a controlled and prolonged release of the inhibiting species for self-healing coatings and the investigation of corrosion inhibition and self-repairing processes at micro-/nano-level by localized electrochemical techniques. (ua.pt)
  • A conformal coating is a thin polymeric film applied to a printed circuit board (PCB) in order to protect the board and its components from the environment and corrosion. (electrolube.com.au)
  • Preparation of novel functional polymeric nanoparticles and various applications. (sun.ac.za)
  • WACKER POLYMERS continues to intensify its activities in polymeric binders for sophisticated construction, coating and bonding applications. (wacker.com)
  • In addition, the new solution functions as a standalone barrier coating in single or multiple layers, meaning it does not require a primer, is suitable as an over-print varnish with Siegwerk's water-based ink systems and is compatible with all standard water-based printing processes and printing machines. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • Also suitable for industrial applications. (globalspec.com)
  • BTL offers a range of coupling agents suitable for various applications, including solvent-based and water-based systems. (betelychina.com)
  • They do however have a limited solvent resistance, making them suitable for re-work but not applications where chemical resistance is important. (electrolube.com.au)
  • The coating composition can be particularly suitable for vehicle coatings and other industrial or consumer applications. (justia.com)
  • The composition contains a modified siloxane backbone blended with co-reactants, diluents and photo-initiators. (ndsuresearchfoundation.org)
  • 15. The coating composition of claim 14, wherein the curing agent is an amine curing agent. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 16. The coating composition of claim 15, wherein the amine curing agent is bis(para-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM), a polyamine, or combinations thereof. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • These coatings are beneficial in a variety of applications such as marine ship hulls, anti-graffiti surfaces, release coatings, and protective wood coatings with easily cleanable surfaces. (ndsuresearchfoundation.org)
  • Such products are increasingly found in cosmetics and personal care, in release coatings, in surface and fabric care, and in construction. (wacker.com)
  • Growing demand for goods from the electronics sector is expected to drive the siloxane market due to its high thermal stability and resistance to weathering, humidity and UV radiation. (news8.de)
  • Because of its temperature stability and excellent insulation, its ability to be adapted or changed for resistance requirements makes it extremely versatile for use in applications such as automotive, chemical & process engineering, medical, and other applications such as cosmetics and textiles which cover more than 20% of the application type market share. (news8.de)
  • Thick acrylic-siloxane coating for indoors and outdoors, with high breathability, elasticity and water resistance. (volteco.com)
  • The product has strong characteristics of high water vapour permeability, easy application, excellent fire resistance. (viero.co.uk)
  • It is highly effective in wood coatings. (specialchem.com)
  • Used in OPV formulations, clear coatings, wood coatings, industrial coatings and high gloss coatings. (specialchem.com)
  • Used in industrial and wood coatings and printing inks. (specialchem.com)
  • Used in architectural (trade sales) paints, letdown stage of coatings, industrial water-based coatings, wood coatings, traffic paint and grind stage of coatings. (specialchem.com)
  • Defoamer for OPV formulations, clear coatings, industrial water-based coatings, wood coatings, traffic paint and press-side printing inks. (specialchem.com)
  • SEA-SPEED makes the only sustainable & green alternative to soft silicone coatings and TOXIC self-polishing ablative antifouling hull paints. (sea-speed.com)
  • BTL's coupling agents are designed to be used in a wide range of industrial and decorative coatings, including automotive, industrial, and architectural coatings. (betelychina.com)
  • Novel characterization of decorative coatings using field-flow fractionation and a multi-detector approach. (sun.ac.za)
  • Used in architectural coatings, trade sales and traffic paint formulations. (specialchem.com)
  • Copolymers of an N-halamine siloxane and a quaternary ammonium salt siloxane were prepared using 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and trimethylamine as functional groups. (auburn.edu)
  • It is an excellent low viscosity siloxane compound recommended for agricultural applications. (specialchem.com)
  • The durability of any coating can be impacted by many factors, such as mileage driven, weather, climate, products used for aftercare and how well the surface was prepared prior to application. (imocarwash.com)
  • Additional formulations or treatments, such as sealing compositions and final coating formulations, were then used to impart durability. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • 3) SMARCOAT project-Development of Smart Nano and Microcapsulated Sensing Coatings for improving of Material Durability/Performance (ref.645662), H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 (January 2015-December 2018). (ua.pt)
  • These coatings display a wide range of advantages over standard materials and as they are solvent-based, they also provide all the benefits of ease of application. (electrolube.com.au)
  • Long-term RTV stability makes repeated application of grease unnecessary. (ppcinsulators.com)
  • VOCs emitted into atmosphere, such as those emitted from coating compositions during coating manufacturing, application and curing process, can be related to air pollution impacting air quality, participate in photoreactions with air to form ozone, and contribute to urban smog and global warming. (justia.com)
  • Furthering the compositions, kits were assembled where the various compositions were compartmentalized for storage until the time of application. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • The new barrier coating offers a sustainable alternative to replace restricted coatings on single-use paper plates according to Single Use Plastics Directive (EU 2019/904) and other relevant legislations. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • 4) FCT project Controlling the degradation of MAGnesium alloys for biomedical applications using Innovative smart COATings , May 2016-April 2019 (ref. (ua.pt)
  • In particular, the excellent mechanical properties of graphene make it a potentially good reinforcement ingredient in ceramic composites while their impressive electrical conductivity has roused interest in the area of multifunctional applications. (springer.com)
  • Moreover, a high share of natural materials in barrier coatings helps to create bio-degradable packaging and avoid issues with microplastics and bio-accumulation, thus adding an indispensable value to the paper packaging's end-of-life in the sense of a Circular Economy. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • The coating was comprehensively tested by an independent international testing company performing high-level laboratory analyses looking at its behavior in terms of organoleptic testing as well as inhibitors, total migration, mineral oils, and siloxanes. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • However due to the rapid expansion of the electronics industry, conformal coatings are also finding their way into the domestic and mobile electronics industries, providing the necessary combination of high performance and reliability within a vast array of electronic devices. (electrolube.com.au)
  • Waterproof, two-component, elastic and anti-carbonation coating with very high breathability. (volteco.com)
  • Synthesis of high solids coatings based on molecular brushes. (sun.ac.za)
  • Upgrading existing substation equipment is possible by On-site coating which is only available with RTV High Voltage Insulator Coatings. (ppcinsulators.com)
  • Used in high gloss coatings. (specialchem.com)
  • Consequently, it requires a high level of automatic application as the finish is sealed by the coating. (imocarwash.com)
  • Throughout its development our experts have continuously developed the formulation, to produce an extreme ceramic coating with a high gloss finish. (imocarwash.com)
  • Typical applications include surface treatment, agents (medically active substances) in pharmaceutical synthesis, and coupling agents for coatings. (wacker.com)
  • Biodegradable coatings for bioabsorbable metal implants. (ua.pt)
  • A new method of paper hydrophobization was evaluated based on a coating agent containing a water emulsion of triethoxymethylsilane with standard starch solutions. (ncsu.edu)
  • With UniNATURE Water-Oil Barrier Coating we now offer a 100% natural product certified for short-term direct food contact and independently confirmed as compliant with the requirements of the EU's Single-Use Plastics Directive" added Oliver Waddington, business development manager Barrier Coatings EMEA - Fibrebased Materials at Siegwerk. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • With innovative additives, BYK helps to improve the properties and quality of coatings, plastics and industrial applications. (byk.com)
  • It strongly suggests that applications of GO-AgNPs nanocomposite in animal must be further evaluated. (researchsquare.com)
  • It is available in Clear, Black and white, aquamarine blue, forest green, red oxide, and light grey can be done with application of SEAPOXY 73 epoxy barrier coat. (sea-speed.com)
  • The invention also alleviates the difficulties in coating very long metal tubes and very small metal channels with an inert, continuous coating that adheres well to metal surfaces. (justia.com)
  • The metal flow path is rendered inert by the coating, and thus compatible with bioanalytical separations, for example, by using a vapor phase deposition process to coat the inner surfaces with a coating that continuously covers all metal surfaces in the flow path. (justia.com)
  • Many samples analyzed by LC have no interaction with metal, but some samples, particularly those in bio-analytical applications, are sensitive to leached metal ions and/or are prone to interaction with metal surfaces giving rise to interference with the analytical process or impurities in the isolated components. (justia.com)
  • The invention is based in part on the unique method for controlled and uniform coating of metal components having lengthy, narrow and/or constricted interior surfaces. (justia.com)
  • The self-healing mechanism could have applications in a variety of areas, such as for designing self-healing surfaces of vehicles and countertops. (phys.org)
  • This product gives the surfaces a matt and cloudy appearance without changing the water vapour permeability of the coating giving at the same time good water- repelling properties. (viero.co.uk)
  • Ceramic XTR translucent coating is also guaranteed to work on all vinyl wraps, paint protection films, carbon fibre and powder-coated surfaces. (imocarwash.com)
  • Siloxane is commonly used as a sealant, adhesive and lubricant due to its differential properties. (news8.de)
  • In manufacturing processes, coupling agents can be used to reduce the interfacial tension between the base material and a coating or sealant. (betelychina.com)
  • Siegwerk announced the successful certification of its new water-based coating UniNATURE Water-Oil Barrier Coating for single-use paper plates. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • Saying so, UniNATURE Water-Oil Barrier Coating is another proof of how inks and coatings add functional properties to renewable materials like paper, enabling their use for an even wider range of packaging applications and thus paving the way for new mono-material structures in the sense of a Circular Economy," adds Alina Marm, head of global sustainability & circular economy. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • All of its water-based barrier solutions can be supplied ready-to-use, which enables the use of existing application equipment such as coating, printing, and converting machines. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • The solubility of this siloxane copolymer in water was dramatically better than that of the hydantoinyl siloxane homopolymer reported previously. (auburn.edu)
  • Water-based siloxane waterproofing protective coating with superior impregnating performances. (winklerchimica.com)
  • Unlike conventional bottom paints, SEA-SPEED can be scrubbed without damaging the coating or releasing toxic cuprous oxides or biocides into the water. (sea-speed.com)
  • While roller applying a sealer is easier than spraying, roller application does not work as well on pavers compared to something like concrete. (albergueturisticomiramolin.es)
  • Choose your curing method based upon the purpose of the concrete, any subsequent treatment/coating/finish it will receive, and the environment in which the work is being done. (concreteconstruction.net)
  • In one experiment, Zheng and McCarthy prepared a siloxane-based mixture containing a cross-linking agent and a catalyst. (phys.org)
  • Dow XIAMETER™ PMX-200 Silicone Fluid, 20 CS is a polydimethyl-siloxane based fluid that is used for industrial applications, electrical insulating, penetrating oils, coating, and used in personal care products such as lotions, deodorants, nail polish, and hair spray. (ellsworth.com)
  • The use of conformal coatings is particularly important in automotive , military, aerospace, marine , lighting , industrial and green energy applications . (electrolube.com.au)
  • Used in industrial coatings, letdown stage of coatings and architectural paints. (specialchem.com)
  • Developed direct and indirect low emission process heaters for industrial applications. (cpilink.com)
  • These properties suggest that the material may have applications as an alternative electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. (wikipedia.org)
  • When we rediscovered the forgotten unusual properties of silicones and combined them with today s research interests, we found that the silicone material with the siloxane equilibration was an obvious candidate for a self-healing material. (phys.org)
  • All of these treated cotton swatches were rendered biocidal by exposure to halogen solutions either before or after curing the coating or material. (auburn.edu)
  • Whilst it is tempting to choose your coating based on cost factors, it is important to remember that to achieve the right level of protection from your coating material you will need to carefully select the right material for your application. (electrolube.com.au)
  • Paper packaging with barrier requirements often uses coated or laminated materials, which not only make the packaging hard to recycle, but also lead to further environmental problems for example due to microplastics or persistent chemicals," said Anna Maier, head of global WB Coatings Technology Platform at Siegwerk. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • As of today, Siegwerk already offers a variety of barrier coatings based on natural, renewable, or synthetic raw materials depending on the barrier performance required. (inkworldmagazine.com)
  • This is an ambitious goal, but by no means everything: the search for alternative raw materials, the reorientation of research and development towards more sustainable products, sustainability in the applications of our customers, and the safest possible recycling in the sense of the circular economy are also among our most important topics. (byk.com)
  • A conventional solution has been to use inert materials, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), for the flow path for these applications. (justia.com)
  • Zheng explained that self-healing materials, with some improvements, could lead to a variety of applications. (phys.org)
  • The increasing price of raw materials used for manufacturing is likely to impede the growth of the siloxanes market worldwide. (news8.de)
  • Some of the key market participants in the global Organo-modified siloxanes market are Dow Chemical Company, Elkem AS, Wacker Chemie AG and Momentive Performance Materials. (news8.de)
  • Their products are designed to improve the performance of materials in a variety of different applications. (betelychina.com)
  • Solid state interactions of materials: Applications-based solid-state NMR spectroscopy. (sun.ac.za)
  • The on-site coating is environmentally friendly - no dangerous or hazardous materials are used. (ppcinsulators.com)
  • Learn the science behind our products and how to use our materials for your application. (gelest.com)
  • The product is designed for application on both new and existing materials and products. (elcosh.org)
  • types, quantities, and concentrations of PFAS (including Chemical Abstract Service registry numbers, units of measurement, and applications) in products manufactured in, imported into, and sold in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • These products are designed to reduce surface tension, which helps to improve adhesion and reduce the risk of damage during the application process. (betelychina.com)
  • Our product line pages provide an overview of each core chemistry along with links to applications, technical information, and selected products. (gelest.com)
  • Application pages give examples of how Gelest products can be used. (gelest.com)
  • Each page consists of an overview of the application, more specific uses with links to technical guides, and some relevant products. (gelest.com)
  • The combination of their superlative mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties can be envisioned for not only a wide range of applications, but also a test bed for fundamental science and research work. (springer.com)