• Flow-through catalysts which were introduced for passenger cars in 1989 drew a lot of attention for potential heavy duty diesel applications. (sae.org)
  • In this paper the major parameters affecting the performance of these flow-through catalysts and the particularities related to heavy duty diesel application are outlined. (sae.org)
  • Diesel Oxidation Catalysts with Low Sulfate Formation for HD-Diesel Engine Application," SAE Technical Paper 932499, 1993, https://doi.org/10.4271/932499 . (sae.org)
  • These polymaleimide derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups, which was confirmed by tracing the reaction with GC-MS using maleimide as the catalyst and by FT-IR analysis with polymaleimide as the catalyst. (nature.com)
  • Among the above transformations, active sites on the carbon catalysts toward selective oxidation or catalytic reduction include -C-OH and -C=O. The oxidation or reduction reactions can be realized via the recycling of the -C-OH and -C=O groups. (nature.com)
  • Catalytic performance exploration showed that these polymaleimide (PMI) derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups. (nature.com)
  • These results provide strong inspiration to design molecularly defined heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation reactions, and the key to realizing this idea is the development of a method to synthesize molecularly defined heterogeneous catalytic materials. (nature.com)
  • This review describes major advances in the use of functionalized molecular metal oxides (polyoxometalates, POMs) as water oxidation catalysts under electrochemical conditions. (mdpi.com)
  • The fundamentals of POM-based water oxidation are described, together with a brief overview of general approaches to designing POM water oxidation catalysts. (mdpi.com)
  • Catalysts such as Pt, Pd and PtRu are anchored on to TiN and used for the oxidation of methanol and ethanol in acidic as well as in alkaline media. (iisc.ac.in)
  • The electrochemical characteristics of methanol oxidation on Pt-TiN and Pt-C catalysts are given in table 1. (iisc.ac.in)
  • The present study is crucial for understanding HEA behavior in oxidizing environments and provides insights into designing high-temperature-resistant materials, durable catalysts, and corrosion-resistance alloys for various applications,'Song concludes. (nanowerk.com)
  • He completed his Ph.D. (2018-2023) at Lund University under the guidance of Prof. Ebbe Nordlander, focusing on the design and synthesis of organometallic catalysts for C-H bond oxidation. (lu.se)
  • [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultimately, the meaning was generalized to include all processes involving the loss of electrons or the increase in the oxidation state of a chemical species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are processes that rely on the generation of radical species for degrading water contaminants. (aiche.org)
  • Recently, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have found world-wide applications for water treatment and environmental remediation and control of air toxics. (confex.com)
  • This paper will provide a state-of-the-art and unified fundamental chemistry and reaction kinetics involved in the emerging advanced oxidation processes, and techniques to estimate energy needs and cost. (confex.com)
  • Adewuyi, Y.G. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) Involving Ultrasound for Waste Water Treatment: A Review with Emphasis on Cost Estimation. (confex.com)
  • Synopsis of the thesis entitled "Titanium Nitride-Based Electrode Materials for Oxidation of Small Molecules: Applications in Electrochemical Energy Systems" submitted by Muhammed Musthafa O. T under the supervision of Prof. S. Sampath at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry of the Indian Institute of Science for the Ph.D degree in the faculty of science. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Surface oxidation improves the dispersion of carbon nanotube s in aqueous solutions and plays a key role in the development of biosensors, electrochemical detectors and polymer composites. (cdc.gov)
  • To avoid methane slip from lean burn natural engines, we now offer a methane oxidation catalyst that is durable under high temperature operations. (matthey.com)
  • 3) Describe the latest developments and applications of AOPs for water treatment (i.e., sulfate-based radicals, sonication, cold plasma techniques, UV and/or other catalyst-assisted AOP, etc.) (4) Explain the advantages, disadvantages, and engineering challenges of the in-situ application of AOPs for groundwater treatment. (aiche.org)
  • Of manually curated genomes, 22 (18 are complete), ranging from 159 kilobase (kb) to 527 kb in length, were found to encode the pmoC gene, an enzymatically critical subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase, the predominant methane oxidation catalyst in nature. (nature.com)
  • Corrosion of carbon support weakens the adherence of catalyst particles on the support and in turn results in loss of catalyst and also in its easy oxidation. (iisc.ac.in)
  • The current densities observed on TiN supported catalyst are almost three times higher than that of carbon supported catalyst confirming the promoting effect of TiN support towards methanol oxidation reaction. (iisc.ac.in)
  • This is particularly true of high oxidation states, where the ionization energy required to produce a multiply positive ion is far greater than the energies available in chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, several observations regarding chemical reactions may be explained at a basic level in terms of oxidation states. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons: a net gain in electrons being a reduction, and a net loss of electrons being oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerical modeling was employed to investigate permanganate-based remediation under free convection conditions, considering contaminant treatment, and geochemical reactions including the oxidation of naturally occurring organic matter, mineral dissolution and precipitation, and ion exchange reactions. (ubc.ca)
  • Oxidation reactions of alkenes and alcohols. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • A team of researchers from Lund University involving researchers at the Theoretical Chemistry Division have developed and characterized the first photofunctional iron molecule capable of both emitting light that can be seen by the naked eye, as well as to drive light-induced bimolecular oxidation and reduction reactions. (lu.se)
  • Biotechnology for production of platform and speciality chemicals and biomaterials, biotechnological conversion of renewable feedstocks into value added products, novel enzymes for application in oxidation reactions, downstream processing of proteins and small molecules, in situ product recovery in bioprocesses, protein stabilization methods and mechanisms, etc. (lu.se)
  • In the Phase II portion of the project, TDA will optimize the reactor configuration, identify the most effective oxidation conditions, and finally design and construct a fully automated pilot scale system for waste treatment that will be delivered to NASA Ames Research Center at the conclusion of the project. (nasa.gov)
  • Malonate ester synthesis and applications. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Development and synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites for piezoelectric applications. (lu.se)
  • In Phase I TDA identified a low temperature process that effectively oxidized five model waste compounds to carbon dioxide and water at temperatures up to 220 o C. In addition the reaction rates we measured are much greater than biological oxidation process currently under development. (nasa.gov)
  • This is the first report of biological U reduction that is not coupled to carbon oxidation. (springer.com)
  • Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. (hindawi.com)
  • Oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotube was conducted by different treatments including acid treatment and hydrogen peroxide. (ijche.com)
  • Point at this problem, Henan Huaxi Furnace Refractory Co., Ltd.( Huaxi for short) develop a protective coating with anti-oxidation and decarburization for medium and high carbon steel. (hua-xi.com)
  • Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group . (wikiversity.org)
  • Accurate characterization of the carbon nanotube surface is important because the development of these nano-based applications depends on the degree of functionalization, in particular the amount of carboxylation. (cdc.gov)
  • Affinity capillary electrophoresis is used to characterize the oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotube s. (cdc.gov)
  • This work is significant to research involving carbon nanotube -based applications because it provides a new metric to rapidly characterize carbon nanotube s obtained from different vendors, or synthesized in laboratories using different procedures. (cdc.gov)
  • Advances in Ablation or Oxidation Mechanisms and Behaviors of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Si-Based Composites. (bvsalud.org)
  • Carbon fiber -reinforced Si-based composites are considered the most promising potential high- temperature materials due to their excellent oxidation resistance and ablative behaviors , good structural designability, and excellent mechanical properties. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fuels are manufactured from biogas by cleaning, and purification before reforming to syngas, and partial oxidation to produce methanol which can be used to make gasoline. (hindawi.com)
  • Removes moderate oxidation, scratches, stains and tough water spots on all fiberglass gel coat marine or RV surfaces. (anchorexpress.com)
  • Described here is the application of the Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) technique to characterize mouse models of disease. (duke.edu)
  • The latest edition of CGSB 3.5, 3.511 and 3.512 (gasoline and ethanol fuel) now includes ASTM D7525 as an alternate to ASTM D525 for oxidation stability of gasoline. (anton-paar.com)
  • Chemical stability of metal nanowires is a great concern for many practical applications. (rsc.org)
  • These findings suggest the possibility of utilizing these high-entropy alloys for applications where high thermal stability and oxidation resistance are required. (nanowerk.com)
  • In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, the oxidation states of atoms in a given compound may vary depending on the choice of electronegativity scale used in their calculation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8-10 Oxidation of surface atoms in ZVI in aqueous environments produces radicals that can chemically breakdown drinking water pollutants. (rsc.org)
  • For example, in the rusting of iron , the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide , and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we present the first ever attempt to investigate the oxidation behavior of copper nanowires supported in a template matrix using a surface-plasmon-based optical spectroscopy method combined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (rsc.org)
  • By measuring the optical properties with localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, the oxidation behavior of the copper nanowires is studied as a function of storage time in both air and vacuum and thus uncovers the oxidation dynamics of copper. (rsc.org)
  • Our results have significant importance in understanding the oxidation behavior of metal nanostructures in general and also provide useful guidelines to estimate their electrical functionality in optoelectronic devices. (rsc.org)
  • Traditional metals or alloys are believed to form crystalline oxides based on the composition and oxidation conditions, but when five or more principle elements are involved in a single phase, novel behavior during oxidation may exist due to the built-in high entropy,' Boao Song from the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and the paper's first author, tells Nanowerk. (nanowerk.com)
  • Schematic of the in situ gas-cell (S)TEM device to study the oxidation of HEA nanoparticles. (nanowerk.com)
  • The researchers managed to successfully capture the high-temperature oxidation of FeCoNiCuPt HEA nanoparticles in real-time by utilizing the advanced in situ gas-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. (nanowerk.com)
  • 2. Heterogeneous Sonophotocatalytic Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Pollutants in Water. (confex.com)
  • 1. Combinative and Hybrid Sonophotochemical Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Pollutants in Water. (confex.com)
  • [6] The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot occur independently. (wikipedia.org)
  • By utilizing Oerlikon Balzers' complete suite of innovative surface and equipment technologies, BALORA™ coatings are tailored to specific applications and base materials to provide protection against corrosive gases, oxidation, and various types of wear and erosion. (oerlikon.com)
  • The dynamic process of surface oxidation in h -BN epilayers has been probed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (osti.gov)
  • While the perception that surface oxidation of ZVI may limit the longer term use of these materials, studies focusing on the post-treatment of ZVI have demonstrated that the activity of ZVI can be renewed with post-treatment, making them attractive for long-term purification applications. (rsc.org)
  • Hsi CKD, Langmuir D (1985) Adsorption of uranyl onto ferric oxyhydroxides: application of the surface complexation site-binding model. (springer.com)
  • Meguiar's® Marine/RV Oxidation Remover restores the original color of older fiberglass gel coat surfaces by effectively removing surface degradation. (meguiars.com)
  • And it form a dense oxygen insulating layer on steel surface to prevent oxidation and decarburization in high temperature. (hua-xi.com)
  • We suggest that Zn present on the surface after growth could play a role in the strongly hindered oxidation of the III-V compound when exposed to air. (lu.se)
  • Given that surface oxide and a rough morphology can be detrimental to nanowire electrical and optical performance, the ability to reduce them as a side effect of dopant introduction will benefit future applications. (lu.se)
  • JPK NanoWizard 4 XP NanoScience AFM image of electrical oxidation on a plain silicon substrate. (bruker.com)
  • For C/SiM composite doping with refractory metal compounds, the oxides of Si and refractory metal together protect the main substrate from ablation and oxidation . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the nanowires are protected by being embedded in the polymer template matrix, unexpected oxidation is clearly observed in TEM imaging, which unambiguously reveals the possible underlying oxidation mechanism responsible for the oxidation passivation. (rsc.org)
  • Clement JC, Shrestha J, Ehrenfeld JG, Jaffe PR (2005) Ammonium oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron under anaerobic conditions in wetland soils. (springer.com)
  • Morphological changes resulting from the oxidation of zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were measured as an assessment of their mechanical robustness in mixed matrix membranes for water treatment applications. (rsc.org)
  • Using quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, and modeling techniques, we demonstrate that zero valent iron nanoparticles become oxidized after exposure to water yet remain mechanically robust at flow rates comparable to those used in filtration applications. (rsc.org)
  • 11-13 For water treatment applications, ZVI nanoparticles are commonly immobilized in nanoparticle-enhanced membranes, or mixed matrix membranes, which is a novel method for immobilizing nanoparticles in a filtration membrane while simultaneously taking advantage of their reactive treatment capabilities. (rsc.org)
  • A new research report in ACS Nano ( ' In Situ Oxidation Studies of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles' ) offers key insights into how HEA nanoparticles behave under high-temperature oxidizing environment and sheds light on future design options of highly stable alloys under complex service conditions. (nanowerk.com)
  • Schematic illustration of the oxidation process of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. (nanowerk.com)
  • We were intrigued to find out that the transition metals in HEA nanoparticles can co-segregate into the oxide layer and form a disordered phase that can slow down the whole oxidation process. (nanowerk.com)
  • For the first time, this work directly captured the whole oxidation process of HEA nanoparticles in real-time and at the nanoscale. (nanowerk.com)
  • We found that the oxidation kinetics of HEA nanoparticles are significantly slower than those of monometallic and bimetallic alloys,' says Song. (nanowerk.com)
  • Combining in situ energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses, we confirmed that the oxidation of HEA nanoparticles are governed by Kirkendall effects displaying outwards segregation of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. (nanowerk.com)
  • For example, the mechanism that controls the oxidation process and why the differences are so huge compared to monometallic nanoparticles is still unknown. (nanowerk.com)
  • In a study published in ACS Nano, researchers discovered far-reaching applications of nanoparticles made of multiple elements. (anl.gov)
  • During oxidation, co-segregation of metals form a disordered oxide layer that can slow oxidation kinetics compared to monometallic and bimetallic systems. (anl.gov)
  • This study investigated the possibility of links between the biological immobilization of uranium (U) and ammonium oxidation under iron (Fe) reducing conditions. (springer.com)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that the oxidation can be entirely prevented by sealing the open ends of the wires, which is confirmed by monitoring the electrical resistance of single nanowires. (rsc.org)
  • During the last 5-10 years we have studied the electro chemical anodization (electro-oxidation) of aluminium and aluminium alloys [1], an industrial process to increase the corrosion resistance and color of aluminium, using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GISXRD), X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and Grazing Incidence Small Angle Scattering (GISAXS). (lu.se)
  • Multifunctional corrosion resistant and bioactive coatings containing hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and magnesium oxide MgO were obtained on Mg-Mn-Ce alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The course also provides knowledge about application of chemical imaging coupled with Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and other methods for identification of microplastics. (lu.se)
  • Several studies have been devoted to understanding the corrosion behaviors of HEAs such as oxidation in air and oxygen-containing atmospheres. (nanowerk.com)
  • AOPs have promise to destroy many emerging organic contaminants in water, soil/sediments and air, are being considered in potable water treatment, wastewater treatment, site remediation, and industrial applications. (confex.com)
  • Alkaline cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation is one of the mostly performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) adopted methods for analyzing lignin in various complex using columns with sub-2 m packing can further improve environmental matrices such as soils and sediments [9]. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, the results were discussed, and perspective for antioxidant applications of bioactive peptides from plant biomass was argued. (nih.gov)
  • All extracts and the isolated and synthesized compounds were subjected to screening of bioactivity for medical, cosmetic, and plant protection purposes, for industrial applications, and the use of the total or remaining biomass in production of growth substrates, organic fertilizers, and bioremediation materials was investigated. (europa.eu)
  • Use of bare TiN is explored for the oxidation of sodium borohydride. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Schematic illustration of Earth abundant iron carbene complexes for solar energy applications. (lu.se)
  • a decrease in oxidation state is known as a reduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study presents the pathways for use of biogas in the energy transition by application in power generation and production of fuels. (hindawi.com)
  • Compressed biogas (CBG) and liquid biogas (LBG) can be reversibly made from biomethane for various direct and indirect applications as fuels for transport and power generation. (hindawi.com)
  • This is an important step to develop iron-based molecules for light-harvesting and light-emitting applications including emerging molecular technologies for solar energy conversion that potentially include both solar cells and solar fuels. (lu.se)
  • Considering the complex, dynamic and multifactorial physico-chemical mechanisms of the lipid oxidation, an appropriate in-vitro methodology should be better performed to efficiently probe the antioxidant potential of bioactive peptides. (nih.gov)
  • Fraunhofer researchers say they saw an opportunity to add omega-3s to foods that were particularly popular in Germany, like bread, sausages, pasta and pizza, thereby increasing consumption - but first they had to overcome the fishy smell of omega-3 fats, which are susceptible to oxidation. (foodnavigator.com)
  • The RapidOxy 100 Fuel is the ideal instrument for this application. (anton-paar.com)
  • The lowest oxidation state is −5, as for boron in Al3BC and gallium in pentamagnesium digallide (Mg5Ga2). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ti- and Sn-doped one-dimensional [110]-oriented α-Fe 2 O 3 nanowire arrays provide an effective pathway for electron transport, demonstrating increased photocurrents, up to 1.3 mA/cm 2 under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) illumination, in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. (psu.edu)
  • Next, the use of POMs for homogeneous, solution-phase water oxidation is described together with a summary of theoretical studies shedding light on the POM-WOC mechanism. (mdpi.com)
  • Most of the main features of water oxidation in photosystem II are by a DFT(B3LYP) energy minimization (11, 12) (Fig. 1). (lu.se)
  • The knowledge of the different steps of water oxidation in fine structure (EXAFS) studies of the S2-S3 transition. (lu.se)
  • In some cases, the average oxidation state of an element is a fraction, such as 8/3 for iron in magnetite Fe3O4 (see below). (wikipedia.org)
  • Coatings of the BALORA™ portfolio offer revolutionary properties for applications in high-temperature environments, such as those found in aerospace and power generation turbines, combustion engines, and the semiconductor industry. (oerlikon.com)
  • The characterization results of the synthesized composite show that a mixture of strong nitric acid and sulfuric acid treatment at a high exposure time and low temperature is the best route for MW-CNT oxidation. (ijche.com)
  • Oxidants are usually chemical substances with elements in high oxidation states (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lead's high density, low melting point, ductility , and relative inertness to oxidation make it useful. (wikiversity.org)
  • Composites with excellent thermomechanical and thermochemical properties are urgently needed in the aerospace field, especially for structural applications under high- temperature conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon oxidation from metallic iron to iron oxide hydroxide, FeO(OH), particles underwent a significant transformation in size and morphology from 100 nm diameter spherical particles to plate-like crystalline particles with a hydrodynamic diameter greater than 450 nm. (rsc.org)
  • Oxidation originally implied a reaction with oxygen to form an oxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular we have followed the growth [2] and electrodeposition of metals [3] into Nanoporous Anodic Al Oxide (NP-AAO) for functionalization and templated nano wire growth, with potential applications in catalysis and III-V semiconductor nano wire growth. (lu.se)
  • Humic substances are classified into three derived phenols generated by CuO oxidation are based on subcategories: humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid, based on GC-MS, HPLC with diode array detection (DAD) and CE- extractability at different pH values [3]. (lu.se)
  • Time constants of the oxidation process have been determined, revealing that the formation process of the B-O bond is very fast and within minutes in h -BN. (osti.gov)
  • Get to know our grants and application process. (panfoundation.org)
  • The most immediate NASA application for a low-temperature oxidation process would be to control solid waste on a long-term space mission. (nasa.gov)
  • In addition to the use our process would find in controlling waste, there are several commercial applications. (nasa.gov)
  • The process can be applied to any situation where oxidation at low temperatures is necessary. (nasa.gov)
  • Huang S, Ruiz-Uriguen M, Jaffe PR (2015) Ammonium oxidation under iron reducing conditions: environmental factors characterization and process optimization. (springer.com)
  • The process of electrostatic paint application promotes a more uniform and lasting finish, both on some metals and on wood. (bvsalud.org)
  • The main application for biogas is electricity generation, thermal applications like cooking, heating, and lighting, and production of biofuels. (hindawi.com)
  • These results suggest that natural sites of active ammonium oxidation under Fe reducing conditions by Acidimicrobiaceae bacteria A6 could be hotspots of U immobilization by bioreduction. (springer.com)
  • Huang S, Jaffe PR (2015) Characterization of incubation experiments and development of an enrichment culture capable of ammonium oxidation under iron-reducing conditions. (springer.com)
  • Radiation therapy has several applications in non-malignant conditions, such as the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, severe thyroid eye disease, pterygium, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and prevention of keloid scar growth, vascular restenosis , and heterotopic ossification. (medicalmarijuana.com)