AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
SporozoitesPlasmodium bergheiPlasmodium yoeliiAnophelesProtozoan ProteinsPlasmodiumMalariaApicomplexaMalaria VaccinesEimeriaAntigens, ProtozoanSalivary GlandsOocystsEimeria tenellaPlasmodium falciparumAntibodies, ProtozoanCryptosporidium parvumCulicidaeTheileria parvaHost-Parasite InteractionsPlasmodium vivaxPlasmodium gallinaceumTheileriasisInsect VectorsCoccidiosisLife Cycle StagesInsect Bites and StingsHepatocytesMalaria, FalciparumMalaria, AvianCoccidiaMice, Inbred BALB CMalaria, VivaxImmunizationVaccines, SyntheticProtozoan VaccinesAotidaeLiverCryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumVaccines, AttenuatedParasitemiaPlasmodium malariaeIsosporaGlycoconjugatesPlasmodium knowlesiMerozoitesAntigens, SurfaceDisease VectorsAnopheles gambiaeBabesia bovisLiver Diseases, ParasiticToxoplasmaAntibodies, MonoclonalDNA, ProtozoanErythrocytesAnimal StructuresMolecular Sequence DataEpitopesParasites
OocystsRadiation-attenuated sporozoitesMerozoitesInfectiveCircumsporozoite proteinOocyst sporozoitesAntigenFalciparumAntibodiesMosquitoMononuclear cellsIntestinal tractInfectiousEimeriaParasiteOokinetesInfectsProteinCytoplasmAnophelesSpeciesDividesVectorsVaccine efficacyGeneratesVaccinesImmuneStageSymptomsDifferencesCellsBloodHumanHostProtectionPrimarySuggestsRegionsSpecificLife
Oocysts7
  • Gametocytes climates, leading to more rapid sporogonic development of ingested by anopheline mosquitoes develop into zygotes, P. falciparum and to a marked increase of malaria risk in the ookinetes, oocysts, and eventually sporozoites in the sali- western Kenyan highland. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the high density of Anopheles, no parasite sporozoites or oocysts were found in dissected mosquitoes. (who.int)
  • Hepatozoon sporozoites release from the oocysts after their ingestion in the dog's intestine and penetrate the gut wall. (vin.com)
  • In mature ookinetes, MyoF‐GFP was restricted to the apical end, whereas in oocysts, it was more evenly distributed throughout the developing sporozoites. (pberghei.eu)
  • The Class XIV myosins were detected predominantly in the invasive stages (developing merozoites in schizonts and merozoites, ookinetes, and developing sporozoites within oocysts and sporozoites). (pberghei.eu)
  • Numerous intestinal epithelial cells lining villi contain coccidial organisms representing various life stages, including meronts (Me) containing 8 to 12 merozoites, microgametocytes (Mi), macrogametocytes (Ma), and oocysts (O). Labels appear immediately to the right of the corresponding life stage. (avma.org)
  • Eimeria infection of chickens is initiated by ingestion of sporulated oocysts from the environment (e.g., faeces and contaminated litter) leading to invasion of epithelial cells lining the intestinal tract by released sporozoites. (biomedcentral.com)
Radiation-attenuated sporozoites2
  • The most important demonstration will be to demonstrate equivalent protection to IV administration, using radiation-attenuated sporozoites. (sbir.gov)
  • We identified a 9-mer H-2Kb restricted CD8 T cell epitope, Kb-17, which specifically recognized and activated CD8 T cell responses in B6 mice immunized with Pb radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) and challenged with infectious sporozoites (spz). (bibf1120.com)
Merozoites4
Infective2
  • In contrast to most tick-borne pathogens that are transmitted via the tick salivary glands , Hepatozoon infects dogs by ingestion of ticks containing infective sporozoites. (vin.com)
  • During the following 1 to 2 weeks, gametocytes inside the mosquito reproduce sexually and produce infective sporozoites. (msdmanuals.com)
Circumsporozoite protein3
  • Leading malaria vaccine, RTS,S, is based on the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of sporozoites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RTS,S is based on the major surface expressed antigen on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most advanced BMS-354825 tyrosianse inhibitor malaria vaccine, RTS,S, based on the Pf circumsporozoite protein (CSP), BMS-354825 tyrosianse inhibitor the major sporozoite (spz) surface antigen (Ag), induces but a modicum of protection from clinical malaria and protection is usually short-lived (2C4). (bibf1120.com)
Oocyst sporozoites1
Antigen1
  • An initial comparison of merozoite and sporozoite antigen preparations revealed few differences in their ability to monitor the onset, kinetics and magnitude of the antibody response suggesting that both antigens would be equally useful for development of an ELISA. (qld.gov.au)
Falciparum3
  • At 27°C, the ex- swamp cultivation have been occurring rapidly in the trinsic incubation period of P . falciparum from zygotes to western Kenyan highlands because of unprecedented hu- sporozoites was found to be 12 days ( 19 , 20 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Proof-of-concept should be established in animal models using cryopreserved malaria sporozoites as the Phase I objective, with pre-clinical development, clinical testing and FDA licensure of a P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine (administered by this novel method) projected for later development phases. (sbir.gov)
  • Both the overall abundance of anopheline mosquitoes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5) and P. falciparum sporozoite rates (OR = 1.5) were not significantly different between case and control houses. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibodies2
  • Antibodies to the three peptides recognized P. vivax sporozoites in an immunofluorescent antibody test. (unifesp.br)
  • This paper describes and discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine if antibodies to sporozoites are present in blood collected as dried spots and to identify the origin of bloodmeals using dried mosquito abdomens. (unicam.it)
Mosquito5
  • The sporozoite is the infectious stage of the malaria parasite transmitted to humans by the female Anopheles mosquito. (sbir.gov)
  • Chlamydia is set up when sporozoites get into the human being (sponsor 1) through the bite of the contaminated mosquito (sponsor 2). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Impregnated hammock and/or bed nets, coupled with the use of mosquito repellents, as well as the early treatment of malarial cases, appear to be the most suitable tools for fighting malaria in these Amerindian villages since the spraying of residual insecticides is inefficient because of vector biology and the housing structure. (scielo.br)
  • Malaria transmission begins when uni-nucleated sporozoites are transmitted by mosquito bite, reach the liver and invade hepatocytes within which they transform into multi-nucleated hepatic schizonts. (elifesciences.org)
  • When the mosquito feeds on another human, sporozoites are inoculated and quickly reach the liver and infect hepatocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
Mononuclear cells1
  • The sporozoites invade mononuclear cells and disseminate hematogenously or via the lymph to target organs. (vin.com)
Intestinal tract1
  • The oocyst releases sporozoites (sort of like a spore) into the intestinal tract of the new host. (vin.com)
Infectious2
  • The cryopreserved sporozoites can be either fully infectious or radiation-attenuated. (sbir.gov)
  • Sporozoites become infectious 24 hours or more after the cat sheds the oocyst via feces. (medscape.com)
Eimeria1
  • The emergence of what appear to be previously undetected Eimeria species suggests that there is potential for additional pathogenic and economic threats in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
Parasite7
  • In further contrast to synthetic CS analogs, exposure to the parasite appears to be associated with low levels of Ag-specific Th cell sensitization. (aai.org)
  • It appears that growing parasites even benefit from this form of nonselective host cell autophagy as an additional source of nutrients, as in host cells deficient for autophagy, parasite growth was retarded and could partly be rescued by the supply of additional amino acid in the medium. (abberior.rocks)
  • Importantly, mouse infections with P. berghei sporozoites confirmed LC3 dynamics, the positive effect of autophagy activation on parasite growth, and negative effects upon autophagy inhibition. (abberior.rocks)
  • These immune responses did not translate into significant vaccine efficacy in malaria-naive adults employing a primary sporozoite challenge model, but encouragingly, estimation of parasite growth rates from qPCR data may suggest a partial biological effect of the vaccine. (ru.nl)
  • Anti-sporozoite vaccines such as RTS,S need to be 100% effective in stopping the parasite from invading the liver to prevent disease," says senior author Angela Minassian, a clinician scientist at the University of Oxford. (buzzquad.com)
  • RTS,S and many other vaccine candidates teach the immune system how to target the parasite at this sporozoite stage, before it invades the liver. (buzzquad.com)
  • Given that both anti-sporozoite and blood-stage malaria vaccine strategies necessitate very high levels of antibody to protect against parasite infection, current efforts remain focused on infants and young children. (buzzquad.com)
Ookinetes1
Infects1
  • The sporozoite infects an intestinal cell and divides. (vin.com)
Protein3
  • I. A thymus-independent antibody response to the repetitive surface protein of sporozoites. (aai.org)
  • In this study, we sought to test this assumption, by utilizing classical protocols to determine whether the antibody response to the repetitive surface Ag of malaria sporozoites, the circumsporozoite (CS) protein, is under Ir gene control. (aai.org)
  • In contrast to vaccine constructs, such as recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides, secondary responses to the repetitive oligomeric domains of the native CS protein of intact malaria sporozoites do not require the presence of Ag-specific Th cells. (aai.org)
Cytoplasm2
  • the nuclei and cytoplasm of the sporozoites fluoresced bluish white and red, respectively, whereas the residual body appeared blue or green. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Erythrocyte cytoplasm rarely appears partially dehemoglobinized. (unicamp.br)
Anopheles1
  • Lors d'une enquête parasitologique en 2002, aucun cas de paludisme n'a été identifié mais une enquête entomologique a trouvé de fortes densités d' Anopheles stephensi et d' A. pulcherrimus . (who.int)
Species1
  • The shrew Crocidura olivieri appeared as the main and more widespread native species, while native rodent species (Mastomys natalensis, M. erythroleucus, Arvicanthis niloticus and Praomys daltoni) were less abundant and/or more localized. (authorea.com)
Divides1
Vectors1
  • vourable environmental conditions for the A longitudinal parasitological and en- anopheline vectors [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Vaccine efficacy1
  • The method may incorporate novel administration devices, locations, volumes, formulations or other innovative approaches, and should be equivalent to the current gold standard, direct intravenous inoculation, as measured by sporozoite infectivity, vaccine immunogenicity or vaccine efficacy on subsequent malaria challenge. (sbir.gov)
Generates1
Vaccines1
  • These vaccines appear safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in malaria-naive volunteers. (unifesp.br)
Immune3
  • Recent studies identified antibody-complement interactions as a potentially important immune mechanism against sporozoites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aug. 11, 2023 An experimental malaria vaccine appears safe and promotes an immune response in African infants, one of the groups most vulnerable to severe malaria disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to the majority of results from studies of immune responses induced by RTS,S, there appears to be an absence of CSP-specific CD8 TNF-alpha T cells (5) and that alone may limit the effectiveness of the vaccine. (bibf1120.com)
Stage2
  • The major sporozoite stage (SS) Ag, CSP, plays a role in RAS induced protection and results from studies with CSP-peptide TCR Tg CD8 T. (bibf1120.com)
  • The sporozoites are the stage that kills intestinal cells. (vin.com)
Symptoms1
  • Symptoms from hookworm the bloodstream, sporozoites shed in the is spread by type of movement end up in to test for blood in the and June 1993. (lamseen.com)
Differences1
  • differences in location and abundance of the motifs appear to ensure different modes of action. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
  • Conferral of CS-specific Th cells does not appear to influence the magnitude of this thymus-independent response to sporozoites. (aai.org)
Blood1
  • H. canis appears to be well adapted to its canine host, and is often detected in necropsy or on a peripheral blood smear as an incidental finding. (vin.com)
Human1
  • There are numerous examples from animal (6C8) as well as human studies (9) that protection induced with radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS), the gold standard of protection, is CD8 T cell-dependent. (bibf1120.com)
Host1
  • This photograph depicts the oocyst releasing sporozoites after it has been swallowed by its new host (as described below). (vin.com)
Protection1
  • If an anti-sporozoite and an anti-RH5 vaccine were used in combination in the future, individuals could potentially experience more effective protection against malaria for a longer period of time. (buzzquad.com)
Primary1
  • Community-based malaria control with integrated primary health care appears to be the most feasible approach for endemic countries in their struggle against malaria. (unicam.it)
Suggests1
  • This suggests that current interventions that appear to be achievable only in areas where transmission is already low to moderate should be appropriate. (ox.ac.uk)
Regions1
  • TFBMs act as binding sites for transcription factors and coordinate the expression of the genes in whose promoter regions they appear. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
  • This connection may be general or specific, or the words may appear frequently together. (yourdictionary.com)
Life1
  • Prescription drugs used appear in people Tea tree oil with the life provided from the all over the stay for an vitro culture (crisis are caused by. (lamseen.com)