Apparatus cardiac valve annuloplasty. Medical search. Frequent questions

Surgical repair typically involves the implantation of a device surrounding the mitral valve, called an annuloplasty device, which pulls the leaflets together to facilitate coaptation and aids to re-establish mitral valve function. (wikipedia.org)

For each patient, the matching annuloplasty ring was selected repeatedly according to popular sizing strategies, such as the height of anterior mitral leaflet, the intercommissural distance and the surface area of anterior mitral leaflet. (biomedcentral.com)
The sizing of the mitral valve according to the height of anterior mitral leaflet (mean ring size = 29.9 ± 3.90), intercommissural distance (mean ring size = 37.5 ± 1.92) or surface area of anterior mitral leaflet (mean ring size = 32.7 ± 3.3) led to significantly different measurements ( p ≤ 0.01). (biomedcentral.com)
Most techniques were developed empirically including the implantation of annuloplasty rings in order to reshape, stabilize or downsize the valvular annulus such that a sufficient amount of leaflet tissue is involved in coaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
They are placed onto the valve in-situ by the surgeon according to specific anatomical relations, such as the distance of the trigonal area, the intercommissural distance, the size of the annulus, the height or the surface area of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML). (biomedcentral.com)
Computer technology for leaflets production featuring pericardium thickness detection prior to cutting ensures consistent quality of the leaflet apparatus for each of the valve prosthesis. (neocor.ru)
Maximum thickness homogeneity of the leaflet apparatus facilitates even stress distribution across the entire leaflet surface. (neocor.ru)

The goal of mitral valve annuloplasty is to regain mitral valve competence by restoring the physiological form and function of the normal mitral valve apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
RECENT FINDINGS: The normal mitral valve possesses anatomical features facilitating unrestricted blood flow during LV filling, preventing regurgitation during LV systole, and avoiding obstruction of LV ejection. (bvsalud.org)
This surgery is considered for patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (normal mitral valve anatomy) due to a dilated ventricle from ischemic or other causes that results in displacement of papillary muscles and dilation of the mitral annulus. (clinicalgate.com)

This novel comprehensive computer-based analysis reveals that the surveyed sizing methods led to the selection of significantly different annuloplasty rings and therefore underscore the ambiguity of routinely applied annuloplasty sizing strategies. (biomedcentral.com)

Due to various factors, the two leaflets normally involved in sealing the mitral valve to retrograde flow may not coapt properly. (wikipedia.org)
These changes are primarily due to the dynamic motion of the surrounding mitral valve annulus, a collageneous structure which attaches the mitral leaflets and the left atrium to the ostium of the left ventricle and the aortic root. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Throughout the cardiac cycle, the annulus undergoes a sphincter motion, narrowing down the orifice area during systole to facilitate coaptation of the two leaflets and widens during diastole to allow for easy diastolic filling of the left ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
The reasons are that the mitral valve apparatus anatomy is more complex, involving valve leaflets, subvalvular apparatus and the left ventricle. (minervamedica.it)
With secondary tricuspid regurgitation, the leaflets are (at least) not severely disrupted but the whole valve apparatus is dilated. (cardiovascularnews.com)
The purpose of surgical and transcatheter mitral annuloplasty is to reduce the annular circumference and obtain better coaptation of the mitral leaflets. (bmj.com)
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a billowing of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole. (msdmanuals.com)

Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty device leaves free access to cardiac veins for resynchronization therapy. (cardiacdimensions.com)
1.4 This document excludes Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) devices, paravalvular leakage closure devices, systems that do not leave an implant in place (e.g. ablation, radio frequency annuloplasty), apical conduits and devices with components containing viable cells. (iso.org)

Every year, 300,000 people worldwide undergo open heart surgery for mitral valve repair, 44,000 people in the US alone. (wikipedia.org)
Carpentier's Reconstructive Valve Surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Adams is a world renowned leader in the field of heart valve surgery and mitral valve reconstruction. (mountsinai.org)
He is also the Co-Director of the annual American College of Cardiology/American Association for Thoracic Surgery Heart Valve Disease Summit. (mountsinai.org)
Mitral valve repair is a common procedure in the field of cardiac surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
It provides a comprehensive review including anatomical basis, in-depth diagnostics, patophysiology, summary of available evidence for transcatheter treatments, state-of-the art of cardiac surgery,description of devices commercially available or under investigation, and clinical examples. (minervamedica.it)
In this review, we present the experience of 30 years of surgery for valve correction in both children/adolescents and adult people. (fortunejournals.com)
In degenerative MR, medical treatment may be insufficient and cardiac surgery has traditionally been the only effective option. (bmj.com)
The advent of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) therapies has provided feasible and safe alternatives to medical and surgical treatment-especially for those patients who are not considered suitable candidates for conventional mitral valve surgery. (bmj.com)
Dr. Shudo also performs mitral valve repair/replacement (MVR), aortic valve replacement (AVR), complex valve surgery, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, reoperative cardiac surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). (stanford.edu)
Mitral regurgitation (MR) affects about 10% of people aged more than 75 years and is the second most common valve disease requiring surgery in Europe. (bmj.com)
grade ≥ 2) and the geometric characteristics of the mitral valve in patients with moderate and severe AR (grade ≥ 2) undergoing aortic valve and root surgery. (thoracickey.com)
65% men) with AR grade ≥ 2 undergoing aortic valve and root surgery were retrospectively evaluated. (thoracickey.com)
The prognostic implications of concomitant secondary MR in patients with significant AR are not benign, and it has been shown that mitral valve surgery in addition to aortic valve surgery is associated with better prognosis. (thoracickey.com)
Preoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms from 166 patients with AR grade ≥ 2 referred for valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction to the Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department of Leiden University Medical Center from 2001 to 2014 were evaluated. (thoracickey.com)
[4] , [5] With introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953, direct visualization and surgery of the mitral valve became feasible. (sts.org)
[14] , [15] Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery and robotic mitral valve surgery have continued to evolve since the 1990s. (sts.org)
Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. (sts.org)
Portable anteroposterior radiography is used for assessment of postoperative normal appearances of cardiac transplantation, cardiac assist devices, and surgical ventricular restoration and of immediate surgery-related complications (intrathoracic air collections, hematoma, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia). (clinicalgate.com)

While transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has achieved a central role in the treatment of severe aortic stenosis across any surgical risk category, transcatheter treatment of mitral valve disease is still the object of intense debate and investigation. (minervamedica.it)
This book describes the state of the art in the filed of percutaneous treatment of mitral valve disease. (minervamedica.it)
Detailed description of mitral valve anatomy based on laboratory dissection was introduced by Leonardo da Vinci at the beginning of the 16th century, thus paving the way for subsequent study of its form and function (Figure 1).However, investigations of the surgical treatment of mitral valve disease did not progress until 4 centuries later, beginning with Sir Brunton's observations relating to the potential for operative relief of mitral stenosis in 1902. (sts.org)

The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. (mountsinai.org)
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is incompetency of the mitral valve causing flow from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium during ventricular systole. (msdmanuals.com)
Common causes of chronic mitral regurgitation are intrinsic valve pathology (primary MR) or distortion of a normal valve by dilatation and impairment of the left ventricle and/or the mitral annulus (secondary MR). (msdmanuals.com)
Secondary (functional) MR occurs when disease of the left ventricle or atrium impairs valve function. (msdmanuals.com)

KIRKLAND, WA - September 29, 2020 - Cardiac Dimensions®, a leader in the development of innovative, minimally invasive treatments for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in patients with heart failure, today announced the company has closed a $17.5 million Series C financing. (cardiacdimensions.com)
Cardiac Dimensions is a leader in the development of innovative, minimally invasive treatments to address heart failure and related cardiovascular conditions. (cardiacdimensions.com)

Computed tomography (CT) scans of the heart are rarely needed to delineate structural cardiac abnormalities. (medscape.com)
This review addresses the clinical importance of mitral valve abnormalities in HCM, their mechanistic associations with symptoms, and therapeutic strategies targeting mitral valve and apparatus abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
In HCM, a variety of structural and functional abnormalities can conspire to cause deranged mitral valve function, with implications for management strategy. (bvsalud.org)
Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) cannot address primary mitral valve abnormalities, and so is not preferred to surgical intervention if mitral valve abnormalities are present and are judged to make dominant contributions to LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). (bvsalud.org)

Acute heart failure was related to other hemodynamic irregularities, including coronary sinus blood fl ow and reduced cardiac output. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)

Using serial CMR in primary MR patients, we aimed to investigate cardiac reverse remodeling and residual MR post-MVr vs MVR with chordal preservation. (biomedcentral.com)
In primary MR, MVR with chordal preservation may offer comparable cardiac reverse remodeling and functional benefits at 6-months when compared to MVr. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcatheter mitral valve chordal repair. (bmj.com)

We have learned a lot since Professor Carpentier invented the original Physio ring, and we are optimistic that the changes we made in the Physio II ring will result in a higher quality of valve repair in patients suffering from mitral valve disease, said Dr. Adams. (mountsinai.org)
The new Carpentier-Edwards Physio II ring has many unique capabilities for mitral valve repair patients. (mountsinai.org)
He is the co-inventor of 2 mitral valve annuloplasty repair rings (the Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams IMR ETlogix Ring and the Carpentier-Edwards Physio II Ring). (mountsinai.org)
Similarly, three-dimensional virtual models of Carpentier-Edwards Physio II annuloplasty rings and their corresponding sizers were interactively generated from computer tomography images. (biomedcentral.com)

The Carillon System offers a simple right heart approach to transcatheter mitral valve repair designed to reshape the anatomy and function of the mitral apparatus from the coronary sinus. (cardiacdimensions.com)
Latib, A. "Coronary Sinus Annuloplasty. (cardiacdimensions.com)
Coronary sinus-based percutaneous annuloplasty as treatment for functional mitral regurgitation: the TITAN II trial. (cardiacdimensions.com)
1.1 This document applies to all heart valve repair systems that have an intended use to repair and/or improve the function of native human heart valves by acting either on the valve apparatus or on the adjacent anatomy (e.g. ventricle, coronary sinus). (iso.org)

If left untreated, mitral valve regurgitation can lead to debilitating symptoms including cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, and irreversible heart damage. (mountsinai.org)
[ 7 , 10 ] Patients who present with congestive heart failure may require assessment of tricuspid valve and LV function through a first-pass technique (ie, multiple-gated acquisition [MUGA] scanning). (medscape.com)

Surgical treatment remains the standard of care, but tricuspid valve disease continues to have one of the highest death rates among all cardiac valve-related procedures, and a broad range of patients still do not receive effective therapy for tricuspid valve disease in contemporary clinical practice. (medscape.com)
However, congenital tricuspid atresia, RA tumors, tricuspid valve vegetation, the presence of a pacemaker lead, or compression caused by extracardiac tumors may produce a clinical picture similar to that of TS. (medscape.com)
The tests also include preclinical in vivo evaluation and clinical investigation of the finished heart valve repair system to assess the safety and effectiveness of the heart valve repair system. (iso.org)
1.3 This document defines operational conditions and performance requirements for heart valve repair systems where adequate scientific and/or clinical evidence exists for their justification. (iso.org)
Due to its relative frequency, a possibility of cardiac involvement by rheumatoid arthritis and its potential infective complications should be considered in patients with appropriate history and clinical symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
In JACC: Heart Failure , Mathias Orban (Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany) and colleagues report that transcatheter tricuspid valve repair for the management of severe tricuspid regurgitation is associated with reduced heart failure hospitalisations and improved clinical outcomes. (cardiovascularnews.com)

Most of the studies considered for this article confirmed that extreme hyperoxia can be traced to increased left-ventricular fi lling pressures and impairment of cardiac relaxation. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
In a normal heart that is exposed to long term increased cardiac output requirements, for example, that of an athlete, there is an adaptive process of slight ventricular dilation and muscle myocyte hypertrophy. (justia.com)
Additionally, because of the lack of cardiac output, there is generally a rise in ventricular filling pressure from several physiologic mechanisms. (justia.com)
Further, the most frequent mitral valve disease, i.e. mitral regurgitation, has different etiologies and is frequently a consequence rather than the cause of left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. (minervamedica.it)
Although HLHS with intact ventricular septum (HLHS + IVS) and HLHS with ventricular septal defect (HLHS + VSD) are different cardiac phenotypes, both of these lesions are part of the spectrum of HLHS. (bvsalud.org)
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Whilst abnormally increased left ventricular wall thickness is the hallmark feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), anomalies of the mitral valve and supporting apparatus are well documented. (bvsalud.org)
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) are the cornerstones of treatment, with a focus on the reversal of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. (bmj.com)
Left ventricular (LV) dimensions and mitral valve geometry were compared between patients with MR grade ≥ 2 and patients without. (thoracickey.com)
Current interventions for management and treatment of end-stage ischemic heart disease include aggressive medical management, extracorporeal circulatory support, percutaneous left ventricular assist device placement, implantable ventricular assist device placement, coronary artery revascularization, mitral valve repair or replacement, scar ablation, passive epicardial restraint, surgical ventricular restoration, and heart transplantation. (clinicalgate.com)
These surgeries include the ventricular restoration procedure (Dor procedure), cardiac assist device, and heart transplantation. (clinicalgate.com)

The tricuspid valve has always been considered less relevant than the left-side valves of the heart, but this "forgotten valve" still represents a great challenge for cardiac surgeons, especially in the most difficult symptomatic scenarios. (medscape.com)

The surgeon can estimate the dimensions of the patient's mitral valve and decide on an appropriate ring size. (wikipedia.org)
We can now use this ring to match the exact measurements and characteristics of a patient's mitral valve like never before," said Dr. Adams. (mountsinai.org)

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the major sequel and is characterized by valvar lesions that can cause regurgitation and/or stenosis mainly in mitral and aortic valves. (fortunejournals.com)
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) usually develops secondarily to left-sided heart diseases, whereas primary lesions to the valve apparatus is less common. (viamedica.pl)

Mitral regurgitation is the most common form of mitral valve dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the valve does not close completely, and today the preferred treatment for such a condition is to repair the valve apparatus as opposed to replacing the valve with a metal or animal valve. (mountsinai.org)
When feasible, guidelines recommend mitral valve repair (MVr) over mitral valve replacement (MVR) to treat primary mitral regurgitation (MR), based upon historic outcome studies and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) reverse remodeling studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment of functional mitral regurgitation by percutaneous annuloplasty: Results of the TITAN Trial. (cardiacdimensions.com)
Tricuspid valve disease, particularly tricuspid regurgitation, is a highly prevalent condition with a complex pathophysiology and long-term adverse consequences. (medscape.com)
Most patients with rheumatic tricuspid valve disease present with TR or a combination of stenosis and regurgitation. (medscape.com)
Transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography, which permit assessment of the tricuspid valve with multilevel imaging, are the techniques of choice for accurate detection and understanding of the etiology and severity of valve regurgitation and for determination of treatment options. (medscape.com)
New innovations have been directed toward the 2 most frequent forms of valvular heart disease in the industrialized West: aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which account for more than 70% of the cases of acquired valve disease in the United States and Europe (see the table below). (medscape.com)
Tricuspid regurgitation can be caused by structural defects of the tricuspid valve-i.e. after endocarditis, which is called primary tricuspid regurgitation. (cardiovascularnews.com)
We conducted the first study to focus on transcatheter tricuspid valve repair for isolated tricuspid regurgitation. (cardiovascularnews.com)
In our study, we show that transcatheter tricuspid valve repair for isolated tricuspid regurgitation alone, and not in combination with mitral valve repair, can reduce the hospitalisation rate for a very vulnerable, high-risk patient cohort. (cardiovascularnews.com)
Our report confirms, on a larger scale, that symptoms improve up to 12 months, which has never been reported before for transcatheter tricuspid valve repair alone for isolated tricuspid regurgitation. (cardiovascularnews.com)
Percutaneous annuloplasty for tricuspid regurgitation is also a novel approach. (cardiovascularnews.com)
The field of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) for mitral regurgitation (MR) is rapidly evolving. (bmj.com)
Changes in mitral valve geometry in patients with significant aortic regurgitation (AR) have not been evaluated. (thoracickey.com)

Transcatheter aortic and pulmonary valve replacement and a variety of mitral valve therapy approaches have been successfully performed in hundreds of patients (see the table below). (medscape.com)

Besides the well-established transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair approach, there is also growing evidence for therapeutic strategies targeting the mitral annulus and mitral valve chordae. (bmj.com)
Mitral annuloplasty techniques using transcatheter approaches can be classified as indirect or direct, based on their relation to the mitral annulus. (bmj.com)

Tricuspid valve disease involves the atrioventricular valve apparatus that separates the right atrium (RA) from the right ventricle (RV). (medscape.com)

However, cardiac surgical procedures may be associated with a high risk of complications. (viamedica.pl)

Although historically neglected, tricuspid valve disease has gained increasing recognition, with important advances in assessment and management of this disorder since the year 2000. (medscape.com)
Therefore, several alternative, less-invasive technologies for treating patients with severe, native tricuspid valve disease at high surgical risk have been developed, with promising early results. (medscape.com)
Isolated tricuspid valve disease is rare. (medscape.com)
These tests provide assistance with timing and guidance during intervention for patients with tricuspid valve disease. (medscape.com)
Tricuspid valve disease affects millions of patients worldwide. (medscape.com)
In this interview, Orban speaks to Cardiovascular News about the emerging transcatheter options for tricuspid valve repair. (cardiovascularnews.com)
A large, randomised trial of isolated transcatheter tricuspid valve repair versus optimal medical therapy in isolated tricuspid valve patients is needed. (cardiovascularnews.com)

The field of percutaneous valve replacement and repair is currently developing at a rapid pace: percutaneous treatment of valvular heart disease is now one of the fastest developing areas of cardiology. (medscape.com)

The observed effects confi rmed that oxygen level alterations are detrimental for the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and consequently for all cardiac functions. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
[ 6 ] Echocardiography permits assessment of the dimensions of cardiac chambers, determination of RV and pulmonary pressures, and delineation of associated valvular diseases. (medscape.com)
Multidetector CT (MDCT) is the ideal and most rapid modality, with high spatial resolution for imaging of complications (such as pulmonary embolism, infected mediastinal collection, vascular injury) and for differentiation of atelectasis from infectious consolidation, opportunistic infections such as those due to Aspergillus, and conduit patency in cardiac assist devices. (clinicalgate.com)

Leonardo da Vinci's drawings of the mitral valve based on anatomical dissection circa 1504. (sts.org)

This recruitment process leads to perivascular inflammation in the myocardium and subsequently valvulitis, with the mitral valve being the most frequently affected valve. (fortunejournals.com)
Myocarditis Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium with necrosis of cardiac myocytes. (msdmanuals.com)

The goal of semi-rigid rings is to maintain coaptation and valve integrity during systole, while allowing for good hemodynamics during diastole. (wikipedia.org)

Percutaneous approaches to mitral valve disease BASSO C. (minervamedica.it)
Efforts to develop and refine percutaneous catheter-based approaches to cardiac valve repair and replacement have advanced rapidly over the past several years. (medscape.com)
Recent advances in percutaneous approaches to managing structural heart diseases, especially mitral valve diseases, have enabled the implementation of this therapeutic strategy in the population of patients with TR. (viamedica.pl)

For choosing the suitable annuloplasty ring, template like translucent "sizer" instruments are used (see Fig. 1b ), which are roughly similar in size like the prosthetic ring. (biomedcentral.com)

It is interesting to note that in the 1990s, RF was the cause of 40% of the cardiac surgeries in children, and of over 30% of cardiac surgeries in young adults in the state of São Paulo [12]. (fortunejournals.com)

The major drivers have been population ageing, the high prevalence of valve disease in the elderly, and the consequent need of less invasive treatments for this fragile patient population. (minervamedica.it)

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the major sequel of rheumatic fever (RF) and leads to valve damage and poor quality of life mainly in children and adolescents. (fortunejournals.com)
MR can be primary (common causes are mitral valve prolapse and rheumatic fever) or secondary to LV dilation or infarction. (msdmanuals.com)

1.2 This document outlines an approach for verifying/validating the design and manufacture of a heart valve repair system through risk management. (iso.org)
The tests include assessments of the physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical properties of components and materials of heart valve repair systems. (iso.org)
Overview of Cardiac Valvular Disorders Any heart valve can become stenotic or insufficient (also termed regurgitant or incompetent), causing hemodynamic changes long before symptoms occur. (msdmanuals.com)

Untreated severe TR has a poor prognosis and surgical treatment, i.e., valve repair or replacement, is the only treatment option with class I recommendation. (viamedica.pl)
1 Surgical mitral valve (MV) intervention is currently considered the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic patients with severe degenerative MR (DMR). (bmj.com)
Mitral valve geometry was compared between patients with moderate or severe secondary MR and patients without. (thoracickey.com)

With the increasing availability of cardiopulmonary bypass, surgical expertise, and intensive care facilities, valve repair and replacement are widely performed to relieve symptoms and improve prognosis of valvular heart disease, despite the associated morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)

An apparatus for treatment of a failing heart by reducing the wall tension therein. (justia.com)
In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a tension member for drawing at least two walls of a heart chamber toward each other. (justia.com)

The financing will be used to accelerate commercial sales of Cardiac Dimensions' Carillon Mitral Contour System® in Europe and allow for expansion into other geographies such as Australia. (cardiacdimensions.com)
The Carillon System is a transformative product which has shown great success in helping an extremely large patient population with very few options," said Rick Wypych, Chief Executive Officer and President of Cardiac Dimensions. (cardiacdimensions.com)
We're excited to support the expansion of sales of the Carillon System," said Trevor Moody of M. H. Carnegie & Co. "Cardiac Dimensions' innovative efforts and dedication to expanding access to the Carillon System will soon allow people worldwide to benefit from this therapeutic innovation. (cardiacdimensions.com)
Privately held, the company's lead investors include Aperture Venture Partners, Arboretum Ventures, HostPlus, Life Sciences Partners, Lumira Ventures and M.H. Carnegie & Co. Cardiac Dimensions is headquartered in Kirkland, Washington and has operations in the United States, Australia and Germany. (cardiacdimensions.com)

[1] The first successful partial resection of a stenotic mitral valve was performed by Cutler and Levine [2] in 1922, whereas mitral commissurotomy was introduced by Soutter in 1925. (sts.org)

Anatomy14

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes2

Health Care1

Surrounding the mitral valve1

Leaflet6

Normal mitral valve3

Different annuloplasty1

Leaflets7

Resynchronization therapy2

Surgery19

Treatment of mitral valve d3

Left ventricle4

Minimally2

Abnormalities4

Reduced cardiac output1

Chordal3

Physio II4

Coronary sinus4

Congestive heart f2

Clinical6

Ventricular10

Surgeons1

Patient's mitral valve2

Lesions2

Regurgitation15

Transcatheter aortic1

Annulus2

Ventricle1

Surgical procedures1

Tricuspid valve7

Percutaneous valve1

Pulmonary3

Anatomical1

Myocardium2

Coaptation1

Approaches3

Suitable1

Surgeries1

Less-invasive1

Rheumatic fever2

Heart valve3

Severe3

Symptoms1

Tension2

Dimensions4

Stenotic1